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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Multiple bladder calculi: a rare cause of irreducible uterine prolapse.

BACKGROUND: A vesical calculus in a prolapsed cystocele is rare. OBJECTIVE: To highlight bladder calculi as a cause of irreducible uterine prolapse. CASE REPORT: A case of irreducible total uterine prolapse caused by multiple vesical calculi is presented. Bladder stones were removed through vaginal cystolithotomy followed by vaginal hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: In cases of acute irreducible pelvic organ prolapse, the possibility of bladder stones should be kept in mind and X-ray pelvis including the prolapsed mass should be done to confirm the diagnosis.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Calcium oxalate monohydrate renal calculi. Formation and development mechanism.

Available information relevant to stone genesis on both calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization and fine inner structure of papillary calculi is reviewed. Integration of attained facts facilitated formulating a feasible mechanism of papillary calculi formation and development. Medical implications of this mechanism are assessed.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1991

National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) review paper on complications of shock wave lithotripsy for urinary calculi.

This decade has witnessed dramatic advances in the surgical management of urinary calculi. Today, most stones can be removed by minimally invasive means. In fact, the treatment of choice in 60% to 90% of patients with renal and ureteral calculi that need to be surgically removed is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). This article reviews indications for ESWL and discusses deleterious effects of ESWL.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The determination of oxalate in urine and urinary calculi by a new ion-chromatographic technique.

A new method is described for the measurement of oxalate in urine and urinary calculi using medium pressure ion-chromatography. The technique is simple, requires minimal sample preparation and only 20 min analysis time. The minimum detection limit for oxalate is 0.5 mumol/l in the diluted sample as applied to the analyser. The intra-run coefficient of variation for the chromatography stage alone is 3.8%. The overall intra-run and inter-run coefficients of variation, including the sampling and dilution of urine, are 6.5 and 8.3% respectively. The method compares well with an established colorimetric technique for the analysis of oxalate both in urine and in urinary calculi.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed1986

Strategies and methods for the analytical investigation of urinary calculi.

Methods for the investigation of urinary calculi are briefly reviewed. Infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction provide results on the actual salts, including the different degree of hydration, in contrast to wet chemistry which only measures the ions of salts. Most often the quantitated ions can, however, be combined into salts by calculation, but the different degree of hydration cannot easily be recorded by wet chemistry. Wet chemistry, infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction can all provide reliable results. Routine performance should be generally improved by providing quantitative instead of 'qualitative' results. In wet chemistry calculation of recovery should be obligatory. Spectra covering 4000-400 cm-1 and probably also objective evaluation are important fields for improving infrared spectrometry. A laboratory service based on X-ray diffraction or infrared spectrometry should be available for laboratories using wet chemistry to investigate rare calculi. The results should preferably be given in molar units in accordance with IFCC recommendations. Names of components should conform to the IUPAC-nomenclature and trivial names should be avoided.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Phosphates precipitating from artificial urine and fine structure of phosphate renal calculi.

Phosphates precipitating from artificial urine in the pH range 6-8 were identified using X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of magnesium and citrate on phases precipitating from urine was established. From urine containing a normal quantity of magnesium (around 70 ppm), brushite accompanied by hydroxyapatite (HAP) precipitated at pH < or = 7.0 and struvite with HAP at pH > 7.0. HAP was formed exclusively from magnesium deficient urine at pH 7.0. Newberyite, octacalcium phosphate and whitlockite were not identified. The chemical and phase composition and inner fine structure of 14 phosphate calculi were studied. Three types of stones were distinguished based on their magnesium content: (i) stones rich in magnesium composed of struvite, hydroxyapatite and abundant organic matter, (ii) stones with low magnesium content constituted by calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, up to 5% of struvite, considerable amount of organic matter and occasionally brushite, and (iii) calculi without magnesium consisting of brushite, hydroxyapatite and little organic matter. Conditions prevaling during stone-formation assessed for each type of stone were confirmed by corresponding urinary biochemical data and corroborate the in vitro studies of phosphates precipitation.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1984

X-ray microanalysis of spontaneously formed urinary calculi in a jaundiced strain of rat.

A high incidence of spontaneously formed urinary stone was found in the females of a jaundiced strain of rat developed from a cross between Gunn's rat and Wistar-Imamichi rat. In this colony, 42.3% of the females had urinary calculi. Elemental analyses of these urinary calculi were carried out with an analytical electron microscope, a high-resolution transmission electron microscope fitted with an energy dispersive type X-ray microanalyzer and a scanning device. In the surface and middle areas of the stone, the main components were recognized as magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P). In the central region of the stone, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were found as the main elements with trace amounts of sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and potassium (K). The analyses indicated that the spontaneous urinary stone consisted of phosphate salts with calcium or magnesium. In addition, the mass ratio of the Mg/P or Ca/P in the stones was calculated from X-ray pulse intensity ratios and compared with the mass ratio of a standard sample. The results suggested that the magnesium and phosphorus in the urinary stones existed as ammonium magnesium phosphate, MgNH4PO4, and the calcium and phosphorus as tribasic calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

In situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the management of primary ureteric calculi in children.

Lithotripsy was used to treat 19 children (3 to 16 years of age) with primary ureteric calculi. No attempts were made to mobilize the stones to the kidney. Stones were located in the upper ureter in seven patients, middle ureter in three, and lower ureter in nine. Stone size ranged from 5 to 25 mm (average, 10.4 mm). All treatments were performed in the outpatient unit. Two children required general anesthesia, and 17 received intravenous sedation. The mean amount of energy used was 17.8 kV, and the average number of shock waves was 5,489. Before commencement of lithotripsy, two patients needed ureteric catheterization, and two had placement of double pigtail catheters. Of the 18 children who had adequate follow-up, 17 (94.4%) were completely stone-free, without any complication. The authors conclude that in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of primary ureteric calculi in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Renal calculi and biochemical abnormalities. In children with myelomeningocele and heoconduit diversion.

Of 38 pediatric cases of ileoconduit urinary diversion of myelomeningocele, 4 with renal calculi are presented. An increased risk of renal calculus formation may be imposed on children with myelomeningocele with ileoconduit urinary diversion especially so in functionally and anatomically abnormal kidneys and in chronic renal infection with urea-splitting bacteria. It is not clear why the ileoconduit procedure should increase the incidence of renal calculi in such children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Calculi complicating renal transplantation into ileal conduits.

In 2 patients with renal transplants into ileal conduits renal calculi developed proximal to stenosis of the ureteral-ileal anastomosis, These are the only cases of urinary calculi in 600 consecutive transplants. The pathogenetic factors contributing to sepsis and stasis in such cases are reviewed and precautions suggested.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1975

Methylene blue in renal calculi. Results of five-year study.

Methylene blue in a dose of 65 mg. three times a day has been reported to be useful in the management of chronic renal calculous disease. Sixty-eight patients with renal calculi, in whom there was no biochemical abnormality, were started on this drug five or more years ago. Forty-six per cent of formers of calcium oxalate stone have passed no further stones, and 20 per cent have been improved. Initial studies had reported success in the management of infected stones. However, only 27 per cent obtained any benefit in this study. Methylene blue is useful in the management of patients who form multiple small calculi that contain calcium oxalate dihydrate and may be useful in the prevention of new stone formation.

Calcium↗
PubMed1982

Endoscopic removal of staghorn calculi in patient with high urinary diversion.

The treatment of recurrent renal calculi in patients after ureteroileal urinary diversion is difficult, especially when urinary stones are formed in the presence of urinary tract infection. In many cases, these patients already have undergone multiple renal operations and more surgery could pose difficult technical problems. We report on a patient with a high urinary diversion in whom bilateral staghorn renal calculi developed, and then were endoscopically removed. The conversion of ureteroileocutaneous diversion to a high pyeloileocutaneous diversion is recommended in selected cases as alternate treatment for patients with recurrent stone formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dissolution of renal calculi with dicloxacillin.

A patient with multiple left renal calculi and Staphylococcus epidermidis urinary tract infection is described. Subsequent treatment consisted of dicloxacillin which resulted in complete dissolution of all renal calculi. The rationale, supporting data, and potential therapeutic uses are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ileal conduit calculi from stapler anastomosis: a long-term complication?

A long-term review of 24 patients in whom ileal conduit diversions were constructed using surgical staples has shown calculi developing as a result of the staples in only 1 patient (4.2%). Experience suggests that calculi usually form within fourteen months of surgery, pass spontaneously, and produce minimal symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Percutaneous extraction of renal calculi in patients with solitary kidneys.

Percutaneous techniques have become widely accepted for the management of many patients with renal calculi. Little is known, however, about the efficacy of utilizing these procedures for patients with solitary kidneys. We studied five such patients to determine whether percutaneous techniques could be utilized safely, effectively, and efficiently in this setting. The results achieved suggest that the percutaneous removal of renal calculi should be considered a viable treatment option for selected patients with stones in solitary kidneys.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fused vesical calculi.

A case is described in which a patient, who initially presented with five separate bladder calculi, was found to have had coalescence of three calculi to produce a large stone. This may be one mechanism in the development of a giant vesical calculus.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Ureteroscopy in management of ureteral calculi.

Transurethral ureteroscopy (TUURS) for the management of ureteral stones was performed in 102 patients. Primary ureteroscopy was performed in 57 patients while in 20 cases the procedure was used for stone manipulation prior to ESWL and in 18 cases after ESWL treatment. In 7 cases, insertion of the instrument was impossible. The overall success rate was 89 per cent (85/95). Success rate in the lower ureter was 93 per cent, in the middle ureter 84 per cent, and in the upper ureter 80 per cent. There were four complications (4%) and open operation was required in 3 patients only (3%). The up-to-date ureteroscopic results suggest that ureteroscopy should be the procedure of choice in the treatment of lower ureteral calculi and a valuable alternative in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi.

Adult↗