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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

MOTOR OUTPUT PATTERNS DURING RANDOM AND RHYTHMIC STIMULATION OF LOCUST THORACIC GANGLIA.

This paper employs new statistical techniques to further analyze the flight control system of grasshoppers. The quantitative results confirm some hypotheses which arise from previous studies of this system. After decapitation and ablation of wing proprioceptors, stimulation of the nerve cord at random intervals can elicit a coordinated response closely resembling the normal flight motor output pattern. The coordinated response begins only after many stimuli and there are usually many cycles of after-discharge. The frequency of the cyclic output is rather low and may be increased only slightly by large increases in stimulus frequency. Input from the stretch receptors is necessary to attain normal wingstroke frequency. Frequency of wingbeat rises with a time constant of about 2 seconds (or about 25 wingbeats) when stretch receptor stimulation is initiated. Frequency decay after cessation of stimulation has about the same time constant. No special phase relationship between stimulation and output is necessary for the increase in frequency or maintenance of normal pattern. When input frequency is adjusted as closely as possible to output frequency it is still not possible to force the output to maintain a particular phase with respect to the stimulation, all phase relationships still occur. In some animals all phases occurred with equal probability; in others a particular phase was preferred. When there was a strong phase preference the normal output pattern was disrupted.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

LIMITATIONS ON COMPLEXITY OF RANDOM LEARNING NETWORKS.

Randomly connected networks can be made adaptive, and thus able to "learn." Signal-to-noise considerations are shown to limit the maximum initial complexity which can learn. A higher order of complexity may be possible in multilayered structures which learn layer-by-layer; or if learning is possible during construction. Perception-like devices would appear not to be operative if of a high order of complexity.

Computers↗
PubMed1964

CONTROL THEORY.

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Automation↗