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PubMed2001

[Living the inexorability of time and its changes with losses and possibilities: women in climacteric].

This research deals with the experience of women in climacterium. Symbolic interactionism and Grounded Theory were the theoretical and methodological framework of the study. Its objectives were to understand: how the experience of the climacterium is defined by the women; what were the psychosocial processes of interaction lived by the women; and to develop a theoretical model representing the experience of the women in climacterium. The strategies used to collect the data were participant observation and open ended interviews. The subjects were women in the age group of 45 to 60. The sample was of 30 women. The study revealed that the climacterium experience may be constituted of two phenomena: REJECTING CHANGES which is characterized by the women as a moment of loss and TRYING TO COPE WITH CHANGES, which represents the moment construction of new concepts with possibilities of reconstruction of life. Supported by these two phenomena, the central category was generated: LIVING THE INEXORABILITY OF TIME AND ITS CHANGES WITH LOSSES AND POSSIBILITIES which is fundamental to the generation of the theoretical model representing the experience of women in climacterium.

Climacteric↗
PubMed2005

[Quality of sleep of climacteric women in São Paulo: some significant aspects].

OBJECTIVE: To subjectively evaluate the quality of sleep in menopausal women (35 to 65 years of age) METHOD: A questionnaire about personal information, habits/health, sexuality and sleep was administered to 271 women. RESULTS: The sample under study included mostly married women, professionally active with a higher education and financial status, not using menopause hormone therapy, (MHT) habitual coffee drinkers and limited users of alcohol/tobacco. Most participants habitually had dinner and practiced physical exercises. Subjective evaluation of the quality of sleep was considered poor by 29% of the women in this sample. Menopause and self- awareness of health were the only variables that had a statistically significant relation with the quality of sleep. Perimenopausal women (that is to say from 45 years until one year after menopause) and those after surgical menopause stated the worst quality of sleep, while women at pre-menopause disclosed the best quality of sleep. Women who deemed themselves healthy reported a better quality of sleep than those that mentioned health problems. CONCLUSION: quality of sleep worsens during the climacterium and in women that consider themselves sick. Furthermore, there is a considerable lack of knowledge about the basic rules of sleep hygiene among women.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Risks and benefits of soy phytoestrogens in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, climacteric symptoms and osteoporosis.

Phytoestrogens, plant chemicals classified as isoflavones, coumestans and lignans, display estrogen-like activity because of their structural similarity to human estrogens and exhibit high affinity binding for the estrogen receptor beta. They are common components of food items such as grains, beans, fruits and nuts. Isoflavones are primarily found in soybeans and foods made from soy. In particular, significant therapeutic properties have been generally attributed to soy isoflavones, but most of the claims have been poorly, or not at all, confirmed by well designed clinical trials. Such is the case of the purported role of soy isoflavones in reducing plasma cholesterol levels. This link is now not supported by many authors or by appropriately designed clinical studies. The role of isoflavones in cancer prevention, particularly of tumours under endocrine control (breast, prostate and others) is again only supported by weak to nonexisting clinical evidence. A similarcase is that of the prevention/treatment of postmenopausal symptoms and osteoporosis. Disturbing data have been reported on potential negative effects of soy isoflavones on cognitive function in the aged, particularly relating to tofu intake. Recent studies have finally indicated a potential role for soy isoflavones in inducing chromosomal changes in cells exposed in vitro and potentiating chemical carcinogens. These findings may not, however, be extrapolated to clinical conditions. Available data do not appear to unequivocally support beneficial effects of soy isoflavones, and warn against their wide use, in the absence of satisfactory clinical findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Treatment with oral estrone sulphate in the female climacteric. I. Influence on lipids.

Twenty women in the perimenopause were studied for 12 months during which sodium-piperazine-estrone-sulphate 2.5 mg/day was given for 3 weeks out of 4 as a hormone replacement therapy. Blood samples were drawn at the start of therapy, then after 3, 6 and 12 months and analyzed for serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, cholesterol content of high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction and the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin. Triglyceride levels were increased after 3 months (p less than 0.01). After that there was a gradual decline to almost pretreatment levels. Total cholesterol decreased during the latter period of treatment and became virtually normal; significantly lower levels (p less than 0.01) were found at 12 months. The HDL-cholesterol, which constitutes most of the high density lipoprotein fraction, showed a continuous increase and reached statistical significance at 12 months (p less than 0.01). This type of lipoprotein pattern is associated with a reduced risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease. After 3 and 6 months of treatment an increase in the relative content of palmitic acid in serum lecithin was seen, an increase that might indicate an altered liver lecithin synthesis, usually seen in cholestasis. However, after 12 months the palmitic acid level declined and was not significantly altered from the pretreatment value, indicating that the change was transitory.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Practice and patterns of estrogen treatment in climacteric women in a Swedish population. A descriptive epidemiological study. Part I.

A cohort of 23 233 women to whom estrogens had been prescribed and constituting a total material from a defined Swedish population was recruited for the purpose of conducting a prospective follow-up study of endometrial cancer. Their exposure to estrogens was studied in detail by means of a comprehensive questionnaire, which was mailed to 735 randomly selected women from the cohort and answered by 89%. This paper describes the practice of estrogen prescribing in the population and the patterns of exposure of the cohort, as estimated from the sample. Our results indicated: restrictive usage of estrogens with a marked downward secular trend in the frequency of prescriptions; short duration of treatment and frequent temporary interruptions; predominant choice of estradiol valerate compounds; preference for cyclic administration and low-strength tablets; acceptance of recommended dose levels; and adherence to a few, established indications for treatment. When compared with data from a large number of other epidemiological studies, the risk of endometrial cancer in this cohort is likely to be lower.

Adult↗