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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effect of acoustic pulse intensity upon the electrically elicited blink reflex at positive and negative stimulus onset asynchronies.

The present study examined the effects of acoustic pulse intensity and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) on the electrically elicited startle reflex response. Subjects were presented with 165 startle eliciting stimuli: 15 control trials with no acoustic pulse, and 5 trials at each pulse intensity (50, 70, and 90 dB) for each SOA (-80, 60, -40, -20, 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ms). The results demonstrated R2 magnitude facilitation at negative, simultaneous, and short positive SOAs. R2 facilitation was greatest in the 90 dB condition and least in the 50 dB condition. R1 facilitation at short positive SOAs was greater for more intense acoustic pulses. These data support the notion that R2 facilitation at near-zero SOAs may be the result of combination of pulse induced potentiation of the electrically elicited startle response and temporal summation of the effects of electrical and acoustic stimuli at the facial motor nucleus.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1984

Distribution of premotor neurons for orbicularis oculi motoneurons in the cat, with particular reference to possible pathways for blink reflex.

After injecting horseradish peroxidase into the facial nucleus regions containing orbicularis oculi motoneurons, labeled neuronal cell bodies were found in the lateral medullary reticular formation, pretectal olivary nucleus, sensory trigeminal nuclei, lateral and medial parabrachial nuclei, ventromedial reticular formation medial to the facial nucleus, red nucleus and its surroundings, anterior horn of the upper cervical cord, medullary raphe nuclei, oculomotor nucleus and its surroundings, nuclei of Darkschewitsch, Cajal and Edinger-Westphal, ventral part of the midbrain central gray, pontine tegmentum, lateral vestibular nucleus and deep layers of the superior colliculus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Photo-evoked eyelid microvibration (blink reflex elicited by flash stimuli) in newborns and children.

The orbicularis oculi muscle contracts in response to photic stimulation. It was recorded as the microvibration of the eyelid contraction and it is called the photo-evoked eyelid microvibration (MV). MV was recorded using a special transducer on the central part of the upper eyelid from 167 subjects free of any neurological abnormalities. One G of the vibration was converted into 100 mV. The normal value was shown in newborns and children. The latency was 171.0 +/- 30.5 msec in newborns, 70.3 +/- 12.3 msec in 4 to 5 year-olds, 46.3 +/- 11.2 msec in 7 to 8 year-olds and 57.0 +/- 4.9 msec in adults. The latency of MV became shortened with growth. It is thought that the shortening of the latency during maturation is related to the myelination of the brainstem reticular formation and the maturation of the retina.

Adolescent↗