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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Milenperone. A selective drug for the control of behavioral disorders in epileptic and alcoholic patients.

Thirty-four patients took part in an 8-week open investigation aimed at evaluating the efficacy of low oral doses of milenperone as non-sedative neuroleptic drug in the management of aggressive behavior in alcoholics and epileptics. Significant improvements were recorded for respectively 11 and 13 out of 16 evaluable symptoms in alcoholics and epileptics. The symptoms tyrannical and rebellious behavior, aggressive speech and actions, impulsivity, egotism, irritability, use of bad language and bad temper improved in both groups of patients. Out and inpatients, the latter being on milenperone as either adjuvant or monotherapy, responded comparably well. No important side-effects were reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell control feeding behavior via the lateral hypothalamus.

The nucleus accumbens in a brain region considered to be important in the regulation of appetitive behavior and reinforcement. The accumbens receives afferent input from corticolimbic and thalamic structures, which is primarily coded by excitatory amino acids (EAAs). The present studies investigated the role of EAA input to the nucleus accumbens in feeding behavior in rats, in two recently characterized subregions of the accumbens, the "core" and "shell". In the first series of experiments, it was shown that blockade of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate glutamate receptors in the medial part of the accumbens, corresponding to the medial shell subregion, resulted in a pronounced feeding response. Bilateral microinfusion of 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX, 0.25-0.75 micrograms/0.5 microliters), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline (CNQX, 0.75-1.5 micrograms), and 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo-(F) quinoxaline (NBQX, 0.2-1.0 micrograms) markedly stimulated food intake immediately following infusion, in a dose-dependent manner. Infusion of DNQX into the central accumbens region, corresponding to the core, did not elicit feeding. Infusion of the NMDA antagonists 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5) and MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate) did not elicit feeding in either region. The feeding response to DNQX was blocked by local coinfusion of AMPA. Systemic pretreatment with naltrexone (5 mg/kg) had no effect on the DNQX-feeding response; however, prior systemic administration of both D-1 and D-2 antagonists reduced the response by half, suggesting a modulatory role for dopamine in the response. Moreover, the feeding response was completely inhibited by concurrent infusion of the GABAA agonist muscimol (10, 25 ng) into the lateral hypothalamus, a major projection area of the accumbens shell. These findings demonstrate a selective role for non-NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell in ingestive behavior, and suggest an important functional link between two major brain regions involved in reward, the nucleus accumbens and lateral hypothalamus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The mechanisms of uncognizable perception controlling human behavior].

The task of the study was to determine the influence of emotional-motivational sphere on the phenomenon of out-of-logic mental activity. An accepted in the laboratory model of the recognition of a hidden image double image pictures was used. Recorded multichannel EEG was analysed by the method of computation of coefficients of community elaborated in the laboratory. The results of computation were presented in a form of a stereometric map. The obtained results testify to the fact that the emotional-motivational processes influence the mechanism of the out-of-logic form of decision making. At the out-of-logic form of decision making a subjective evaluation of results dominates being reflected in the character of the spatial distribution of coefficient of community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Incidence, behavior and control of Aeromonas hydrophila in meat and dairy products].

This review deals with several aspects of Aeromonas hydrophila and other motile Aeromonas species associated with foodborne illness. Although it is mainly dedicated to the factors affecting growth and survival of this species in foods of animal origin, information on other topics is also provided. This paper includes sections on: Taxonomy, diseases caused by Aeromonas, virulence factors, reservoirs and prevalence in foods and water, factors affecting growth and survival, isolation and identification, and control measures.

Aeromonas↗