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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Utilization of bee (Apis mellifera) honey for vinegar production at laboratory scale.

Vinegar was obtained from bee (Apis mellifera) honey. The wort was prepared by diluting honey in distilled water to 21% total solids and by adding ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated to the wort (4 g/L). Ethanol production was carried out at room temperature during 84 hours. In this study, 1 Kg of honey yielded about 5 L of wine, containing 8% alcohol (v/v), from a wort with 17.11% total sugars (w/v). The efficiency of the alcoholic fermentation was 81.34%. The acetic fermentation with an inoculum of mixed acetic microorganisms was performed by quick process in a 15 L vertical fermenter. This resulted in a vinegar containing up to 9% of acetic acid (w/v) and about 1% of alcohol (v/v). The acetic fermentation yielded between 91.24 and 97.21%. Approximately 5 L of honey vinegar with 9% acetic acid (w/v) were obtained from 1 Kg of bee honey. All attributes of honey vinegar showed acceptability index over 70%: 95.37% for appearance, 94.81% for color, 79.07% for odor and 75.56% for flavor, indicating it would show good consumer acceptability.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intensification of the interaction of IgG with C1q in the presence of melittin as a possible reason for anaphylaxis under the effect of bee venom].

The hydrophilic head of melittin (peptide from bee venom) has the amino acid sequence which is very close to the amino acid sequence of C1q-binding site of the IgG molecule. It was shown, that melittin caused the multiple growth of the interaction of C1q with IgG monoclonal antibody. We assume, that the appearance of melittin in blood causes the spontaneous antigen-independent aggregation of IgG and C1q with the following triggering of the classical pathway of the complement cascade and origin of C3a and C5a components. This can be one of the mechanisms of anaphylaxis as an answer to bee venom.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intra- and interspecies differences in the ISSR-PCR patterns of bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Bombinae)].

Variation in the ISSR patterns was studied in queens of five species of bumble bee habitating on the territory of Ukraine and Belarus. Species-specific characteristics were obtained for B. sylvarum, B. lapidarius, B. pascuorum, B. terrestris, and B. hortorum with using (GTG)7A and (AGC)6G as primers. Some ISSR markers were common for the groups of species. From 73 to 100% ISSR markers were invariant within the species. Individual characteristics of B. terrestris from geographically distant populations from Kiev and Minsk Oblasts were similar. The level of intraspecific variation was different among the species. Taking into account intraspecific constancy of the major ISSR-PCR patterns and in the same time their susceptibility to individual differences we proposed these markers could be used to elucidate some complicated questions of bumble bee taxonomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Population genetic studies in bees (APIDAE, Hymenoptera). I. Genetic load.

Three populations of Apis mellifera each predominantly of a different subspecies (mellifera, ligustica and adansonii) and 7 species of stingless bees (Meliponinae, Apidae) were manipulated for applying the MORTON, CROW & MULLER's methodology in order to estimate the lethal equivalents (B) of each population. A total of 249 queens were used, 27 being meliponids and 222 Apis mellifera. The populations of Apis have a B that does not differ significantly when they are compared to each other (1.29, 1.36, 1.32) and the balanced average equals 1.33. When the x-alleles are not considered, this balanced value is 0.262. The figures for B in the seven species of stingless bees ranged between 0.104 and 0.159 with balanced average of 0.132. The main reason for this smaller load in meliponids may rest in their effective population numbers, which are smaller than those of Apis. The average mortality for diploid females (0.141) and for haploid males (0.163) allows the estimation of the total elimination (sigma E = 0.073). Since for haplo-diploid systems the total mutation rate is sigma mu = 2 sigma E divided by 3 the figure 0.048 is obtained. Since about 15% of the genes in Apis mellifera are sex limited, this value of sigma mu should be added of 0.0072 (that is 0.15 X 0.048) and then, the total mutation rate becomes 0.055. Using a quite different method, the one by MORTON, CROW & MULLER, the figure 0.076 was obtained. If a mutation rate of 10(-5) is assumed, the number of genes in Apis mellifera that can make a contribution to the genetic load would vary between 5,500 and 7,600.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Spring propagation and size dynamics characteristics of two kinds of bee populations in Anhui Province].

Systematical observations and researches were conducted on the population size dynamics of Apis mellifera Ligustica Spi. and Apis cerana cerana Feb. in Wanzhong, Wanxi and Wannan mountainous area in Anhui Province in 1997-1999. The results showed that the bee population size was influenced by climate and flower fertility, which was higher in Spring and Autumn, and lower in Summer and Winter. The propagation and renewal of A. mellifera in Autumn were quicker than those of A. cerana cerana, while the effect of overcoming Summer was inferior to that of Apis cerana cerana. The sex ratio of A. mellifera was (314.4 +/- 289.9):1-(329.4 +/- 305.8):1, and that of A. cerana cerana was (334.2 +/- 235.5):1-(413.1 +/- 377.2):1. The birth of drones was seasonal, and the age structure of each bee population was variable.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Studies on the rectal pads of the honey bee Apis mellifca].

According to earlier investigations young bees show a rectal fluid hypo-osmotic to the haemolymph. It had been assumed, however, that in certain situations honey bees have to be economical with water and simultaneously form a rectal fluid hyperosmotic to the haemolymph. The latter has been confirmed by the present investigation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of chitin and chitosan from honey bees].

The procedure of isolation of chitin, chitosan, and water-soluble low-molecular-weight chitin from the corpses of bees was developed. This procedure included deproteinization of the corpses of bees, discoloration of the chitin-melanin complex, deacetylation, and enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan.

Acetylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuronal activity in a honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) with kynurenine deficiency].

Neuronal activity of the antennal lobes, mushroom bodies, and cervical connective in wild-type honey bees and snowlaranija mutants was recorded at different stages of the ontogeny (on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 25th days). The mutation snowlaranija affects the structural gene of tryptophane oxygenase, the first key exzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophane metabolism, and leads to a deficit of kynurenines. Changes in neuronal activity in nutant bees were most pronounced in the cervical connective. A significant decrease in the pulse rate was revealed only in homozygous but not in heterozygous individuals. This finding is in accordance with previously reported inhibitory effect of the mutation at the behavioral level. Less pronounced effects were obtained when the neuronal activity was recorded in the antennal lobes or mushroom bodies. This may be related to a complex character of biochemical changes in different parts of mutants brain.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of bee pollen on development of immune organ of animal].

OBJECTIVE: To study on the effect of been pollen on development of immune organ of animal. METHOD: A total of 144 one day-old broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups, in which each group included 72 chickens. The control group was fed on the basal diet for 42 days, and that of experiment group supplemented 1.5% bee pollen. Six chickens in each group were selected and slaughtered at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days respectively, and the thymuses, cloacal bursa and spleens were obtained, weighted, fixed in Bouin liquid and made into paraffin section. RESULT: Compared with control group, the weight and the relative weight of thymuses, cloacal bursa and spleens of experiment group increased significantly (P < 0.05) or extremely significantly (P < 0.01). In experiment group, the cortex of thymic lobule, bursa nodule and Periarterial Lymphatic Sheaths thicken obviously; the volume of bursa nodule, splenic nodule and ellipsoid augmented, and the germinal center of splenic nodule were obvious; the thymic corpuscle increased; the plica of cloacal bursa developed well and the degenerating of it retarded. CONCLUSION: The diet supplemented bee pollen could boost the early development of thymus and cloacal bursa, retard the degenerating of cloacal bursa and promote the immune response of spleen.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

[Immunologic response of the anterior chamber in the light of observation of the presence of bee sting].

The authors present a case of a bee sting sticking for 3 days in the anterior chamber. It did not provoke any inflammatory changes except of a sector hyperemia of the iris and aqueous flare. After a surgical removal of the sting these symptoms receded. The lack of reaction to the bee poison is considered in the light of a humoral reaction and of the phenomenon of Anterior Chamber Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID) the essence of which is based on the suppression of the late type of sensitivity.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2005

Characters that differ between diploid and haploid honey bee (Apis mellifera) drones.

Diploid males have long been considered a curiosity contradictory to the haplo-diploid mode of sex determination in the Hymenoptera. In Apis mellifera, 'false' diploid male larvae are eliminated by worker cannibalism immediately after hatching. A 'cannibalism substance' produced by diploid drone larvae to induce worker-assisted suicide has been hypothesized, but it has never been detected. Diploid drones are only removed some hours after hatching. Older larvae are evidently not regarded as 'false males' and instead are regularly nursed by the brood-attending worker bees. As the pheromonal cues presumably are located on the surface of newly hatched bee larvae, we extracted the cuticular secretions and analyzed their chemical composition by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Larvae were sexed and then reared in vitro for up to three days. The GC-MS pattern that was obtained, with alkanes as the major compounds, was compared between diploid and haploid drone larvae. We also examined some physical parameters of adult drones. There was no difference between diploid and haploid males in their weight at the day of emergence. The diploid adult drones had fewer wing hooks and smaller testes. The sperm DNA content was 0.30 and 0.15 pg per nucleus, giving an exact 2:1 ratio for the gametocytes of diploid and haploid drones, respectively. Vitellogenin was found in the hemolymph of both types of imaginal drones at 5 to 6 days, with a significantly lower titer in the diploids.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological activity of bee propolis in health and disease.

Propolis is a natural product derived from plant resins collected by honeybees. It is used by bees as glue, a general-purpose sealer, and as draught-extruder for beehives. Propolis has been used in folk medicine for centuries. It is known that propolis possesses anti-microbial, antioxidative, anti-ulcer and anti-tumor activities. Therefore, propolis has attracted much attention in recent years as a useful or potential substance used in medicine and cosmetics products. Furthermore, it is now extensively used in foods and beverages with the claim that it can maintain or improve human health. The chemical composition of propolis is quite complicated. More than 300 compounds such as polyphenols, phenolic aldehydes, sequiterpene quinines, coumarins, amino acids, steroids and inorganic compounds have been identified in propolis samples. The contents depend on the collecting location, time and plant source. Consequently, biological activities of propolis gathered from different phytogeographical areas and time periods vary greatly. In this review, the activity of bee propolis will be presented with special emphasis on the antitumor activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Physicochemical properties of chitin-melanin and melanoprotein complexes from bee corpses].

A technology for processing bee corpses and obtaining chitin-melanin and melanoprotein complexes has been developed. The obtained complexes of biopolymers were studied by the methods of absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The elemental composition of preparations was characterized. It was shown that the properties of the melanin-containing products of the processing of bee corpses are typical of chitin and melanin of animal origin. The results of EPR spectroscopy and thermal analysis are indicative of the diversity and structural complexity of the obtained products.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Relationships of bee population fluctuation and distribution with natural environment in Anhui province].

In 2002 to approximately 2004, an investigation was made on the bee population dynamics and its relationships with the ecological environment in four ecological regions of Anhui Province. The results indicated that in the mountainous areas of south and west Anhui, there were 46 and 37 species of nectariferous plants, and the distribution density of Apis cerena cerena population was 2.01 and 1.95 colony x km(-2), respectively. In Jianghuai area and Huaibei plain, there were 17 and 12 species of nectariferous plants, which had concentrated and short flowering period and fitted for Apis mellifera Ligustica oysterring and producing, and the distribution density of Apis cerena cerena population was 0. 06 and 0. 02 colony x km(-2), respectively. Bee population fluctuation and distribution was affected by wasp predation. The breeding proportion of Apis cerena cerena to local apis population was 41.5%, 36.8%, 3.1% and 1.1%, and that of Apis mellifera Ligustica was 58.5%, 63.2%, 96.9% and 98.9% in the mountainous areas of south and west Anhui, Jianghuai area, and Huaibei plain, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Macrocheles sp. (Acarina: Macrochelidae) found on a bumble bee].

A female arthropod was found on a bumble bee and was found to be an acaria belonging to the genus Macrocheles sp (Acarina: Macrochelidae). This is the first time that the parasitic acaria, which is found in many parts of the world, has been reported on bumble bees in Turkey.

Acari↗
PubMed1990

Bee sting-induced haemolysis, spherocytosis and neural dysfunction in three dogs.

Three dogs showed signs of intravascular haemolysis, spherocytosis and peripheral neuropathy following severe bee envenomation. These effects were ascribed to the constituents of bee venom, especially melittin and phospholipase A. All 3 cases recovered and were discharged subsequent to prednisolone and supportive therapy.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1990

Acute renal failure and dermal necrosis due to bee stings: report of a case in a child.

Although several cases of reactions to bee venom including acute renal failure have been reported, the literature from Africa is scanty and that concerning children virtually non-existent. We report a child who was stung by over 1,000 bees and developed acute renal failure and extensive scalp necrosis. The pathogenesis of these complications is discussed and the importance of their public awareness stressed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗