Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “BACTEROIDES INFECTIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Anaerobic infections in childhood.

Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis are predominant anaerobes in orofacial infections and aspiration pneumonia. Fusobacterium species are common pathogens in aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses and orofacial infections. Clostridium perfringens can cause bacteremia and wound infections. Clostridium botulinum can produce a paralytic toxin that causes a paralytic syndrome in infants. Clostridium difficile can cause diarrhea or antibiotic-associated colitis.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1984

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of clindamycin analogues: pirlimycin, 1,2 a potent antibacterial agent.

The preparation of a series of analogues of clindamycin is described in which the naturally occurring five-membered cyclic amino acid amide portion of the molecule is replaced by a four-, six-, or seven-membered cyclic amino acid amide. The most interesting compound is pirlimycin (7e, U-57,930E), in which the (2S-trans)-4-n-propylhygramide portion of clindamycin is replaced by (2S-cis)-4-ethylpipecolamide. This structural modification results in significantly favorable changes in toxicity, metabolism, and antibacterial potency. Although the in vitro antibacterial activity of clindamycin and pirlimycin are nearly identical, the latter compound is 2-20 times more active than clindamycin when administered to mice experimentally infected with strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis, and Plasmodium berghei. Pirlimycin is absorbed in rats and mice following both subcutaneous and oral administration. It readily penetrates B. fragilis induced abscesses in mice and is sequestered within these abscesses. A drug concentration of at least 60 times the required inhibitory concentration is maintained for 6 h following a single subcutaneous dose of 200 mg/kg. Urinary excretion of total bioactivity consists only of intact pirlimycin with no other antibacterially active metabolites being detected. Pirlimycin is tolerated well in rats and mice at the administered levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Therapeutic activities of nitrothiazole derivatives in experimental infections with Salmonella typhimurium and Bacteroides fragilis.

The antibacterial activities of niridazole (AmbilharR) and 12 other newly synthesized nitrothiazole derivatives were examined. Most of these compounds were active in vitro against Salmonella typhimurium (MICs 1-4 mg/l) and Bacteroides fragilis (MICs 0.015-0.03 mg/l). A therapeutic effect as determined by a reduction of bacterial counts per spleen of mice infected with Salm. typhimurium could only be achieved with those agents which displayed a similar side chain as niridazole, i.e. an imidazolidinone ring. Other nitrothiazole derivatives with a cleaved imidazolidinone ring as the side chain, although active in vitro, could not exert a reduction of bacterial counts in vivo. Similar results were obtained in mice infected with Bact. fragilis. Whereas niridazole and another nitrothiazole derivative with an imidazolidinone ring in the side chain were able to reduce the bacterial counts in a subcutaneous abscess, the derivative with a laminar side chain was inactive in vivo, although highly active in vitro.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

beta-Lactamase produced by a highly beta-lactam-resistant strain of Bacteroides fragilis: an obstacle to the chemotherapy of experimental mixed infections.

A strain of Bacteroides fragilis, which produces a metallo-beta-lactamase, was inoculated into pouches on the backs of rats together with a beta-lactamase-negative Escherichia coli highly sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics. The mixed infection rat pouch model was treated with either flomoxef (susceptible to hydrolysis by the beta-lactamase produced by B. fragilis), or cefmetazole (relatively resistant to hydrolysis). In this model of mixed infection flomoxef showed weak in-vivo activity against E. coli, although showing the same strong activity in a model of single infection with E. coli. On the other hand, cefmetazole showed strong activity against E. coli, even in the model of mixed infection. The concentrations of both drugs in the pouches were decreased in infections with the strain of B. fragilis. There was a greater decrease in the concentration of flomoxef than of cefmetazole. Flomoxef was unstable whereas cefmetazole was relatively stable in the pouch exudates that had been infected with B. fragilis. These experimental data suggest that bacteria that produce a metallo-beta-lactamase decrease the in-vivo efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics against other co-infecting bacteria. Thus, it is suggested that it is important in the chemotherapy of mixed bacterial infections that include these highly resistant beta-lactamase-producing bacteria to use antibiotics that are stable to hydrolysis by these enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

In-vitro susceptibility and in-vivo efficacy of antimicrobials in the treatment of intraabdominal sepsis in mice.

Cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefmetazole, ceftizoxime, imipenem plus cilastatin, ampicillin plus sulbactam and clindamycin alone or combined with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin or aztreonam were compared in the therapy of intraabdominal infection in mice caused by Escherichia coli in combination with either Bacteroides fragilis or Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Mortality in the control group was 45%, and no animal receiving either imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin or aztreonam died. Mortality in mice receiving cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefmetazole, or ceftizoxime was below 7% (P < 0.05%) and mortality following treatment with ampicillin-sulbactam was 23-27% (P > 0.05). The abscesses were examined ten days after inoculation. No abscesses were observed in mice treated with clindamycin or imipenem. Therapy with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, aztreonam or ceftizoxime alone did not prevent abscess formation by both Bacteroides sp. A significant reduction in abscess formation and number of E. coli and B. fragilis was observed with combination therapy of clindamycin with either ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, aztreonam, or gentamicin and single agent therapy with either imipenem, cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefmetazole and ampicillin-sulbactam alone. However, cefotetan and cefmetazole did not reduce abscess formation or the number of B. thetaiotaomicron. These in-vivo data confirm the in-vitro activity of these antimicrobials.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Median sternotomy wound infection and anterior mediastinitis caused by bacteroides fragilis.

The first reported case of median sternotomy infection and mediastinitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis is described. Several positive blood cultures led to diagnostic anaerobic cultures of the wound and administration of clindamycin therapy. This anaerobic infection should be suspected whenever Gram smears of exudates show gram-negative bacilli and aerobic cultures are sterile.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Suprarenal mycotic aortic aneurysm: surgical management and follow-up.

A case is reported of a rare 7 cm saccular mycotic aneurysm that developed in the suprarenal abdominal aorta of a severely atherosclerotic 63-year-old man from presumed hematogenous inoculation of an atherosclerotic plaque. At operation a right axillobifemoral artery bypass graft was performed along with autotransplantation of the left kidney to the left common iliac vessels and the suprarenal aorta was ligated, excised, and widely debrided. The patient recovered and was in good health for 6 months when sudden occlusion of his axillofemoral graft required thrombectomy for limb salvage and to preserve renal function. Elective thoracoaortic to bilateral iliac artery bypass was successfully undertaken 8 months after the initial operation. However, the patient suffered a fatal myocardial infarction 2 weeks after operation. At autopsy a well-perfused nephrosclerotic kidney, healed aortic ligation, and no graft infections were found.

Aneurysm, Infected↗
PubMed1976

Activity of cephazolin and other cephalosporins against Bacteroides fragilis.

The antibiotic sensitivity of 50 strains of Bacteroides fragilis to four cephalosporin compounds, cephazolin, cephaloridine, cephradine and cephalexin is reported. Cephazolin was found to be the most active, 94 per cent of strains being susceptible to blood concentrations achieved on standard dosage, comparative findings with cephaloridine and cephradine were about 50 per cent, and only 22 per cent of strains were inhibited by cephalexin. The importance of infections due to bacteroides is discussed. Although not the treatment of choice, cephazolin, a view of its bacterial activity may be useful alternative for bacteroides infections but clinical trials are needed to confirm the laboratory results.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of amoxycillin and benzylpenicillin combined with clavulanic acid against Bacteroides fragilis in vitro and in experimentally infected mice.

Because the insensitivity of Bacteroides fragilis to penicillins is due to betalactamase formation, the potentiating effect of the betalactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid on the action of amoxycillin and benzylpenicillin against this bacterium was studied in vitro and in an experimental infection in mice. The addition of clavulanic acid to amoxycillin and benzylpenicillin resulted in a marked synergistic effect against B. fragilis, as assessed by both MIC determinations and in 4-h growth curves. In the experimental infection, where co-inoculation with Escherichia coli was obligatory for the outgrowth of B. fragilis, both penicillins had a dose-dependent effect on both species. However, the addition of clavulanic acid to amoxycillin and benzylpenicillin did not increase the effect of the penicillins against B. fragilis or against E. coli. Because a synergistic effect might have remained undetected in vivo, the experimental conditions were varied, i.e. the drugs were administered in the proliferation phase of B. fragilis, the clavulanic acid to betalactam ratios were varied, and the drugs were given after inoculation of B. fragilis in which betalactamase production has been induced. However, even after variation of the experimental conditions the addition of clavulanic acid to benzylpenicillin did not result in a potentiation of the effect of benzylpenicillin against B. fragilis.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1989

Superoxide production of peritoneal macrophages in experimental gram-negative sepsis; influence of in vitro and in vivo supplements of zinc.

Although zinc is essential for the optimum function of the immune system, there is some controversy regarding treatment with zinc during acute infections where low serum zinc levels are often recorded. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of in vitro and in vivo zinc supplementation on the potentially toxic metabolic activity of peritoneal macrophages during infection. Rats were made septic by implanting a gelatin capsule containing known amounts of E. coli, and Bacteroides fragilis into the abdomen. Peritoneal macrophages were harvested by peritoneal lavage 72 hours after the induction of sepsis. Superoxide release was measured after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or serum treated zymosan (STZ). Macrophages from septic rats released significantly higher amounts of superoxide compared with macrophages from sham operated controls after stimulation with both PMA and STZ. Following in vitro supplementation, zinc inhibited the superoxide production of macrophages harvested from septic rats after stimulation with both PMA and STZ. In vivo supplementation with zinc resulted in increased superoxide production from septic macrophages when stimulated with STZ, whereas stimulation with PMA produced no significant changes. Thus, in vitro incubation inhibited the superoxide production of peritoneal macrophages in intraabdominal sepsis, whilst in vivo administration of zinc produced no such effect, and the effect seemed to vary depending on the stimuli used to initiate the respiratory burst.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

In vivo efficacy of trovafloxacin (CP-99,217), a new quinolone, in experimental intra-abdominal abscesses caused by Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli.

The efficacy of trovafloxacin in treating Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli infections was investigated and compared to the efficacy of combined clindamycin and gentamicin therapy in an experimental model of intra-abdominal abscesses in rats. Rats were treated with different doses of CP-116,517-27, a parenteral prodrug of trovafloxacin. Response to treatment was evaluated by mortality rate and elimination of infection (cure rate). Mortality in the control group was 85.4%, whereas in rats treated with trovafloxacin, it was close to 0%. The highest cure rate (89.3%) resulted from the administration of 40 mg of CP-116,517-27 per kg of body weight three times a day (TID) for 10 days (equivalent to 18.15 mg of active drug trovafloxacin per rat per day). The therapeutic response with trovafloxacin was comparable to that of a combination therapy of clindamycin (75 mg/kg) plus gentamicin (20 mg/kg) TID (cure rate, 74%; mortality rate, 5%). The measured peak levels of trovafloxacin in serum and abscess pus were 2.6 +/- 0.3 and 5.2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in the untreated animals were high compared to those for rats treated with trovafloxacin or clindamycin plus gentamicin. These results demonstrate that trovafloxacin as a single agent appears to be as successful as clindamycin plus gentamicin in the treatment of experimental intra-abdominal abscesses in rats.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed2002

Cross-infection due to imipenem-resistant Bacteroides fragilis associated with a totally implantable venous port.

Four patients in an oncology ward developed Bacteroides fragilis bacteremia over a 12-day period. Cross-infection between two of them, due to an imipenem-resistant strain, was demonstrated by epidemiological investigation and genotypic typing methods (arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting and nucleotide sequencing of the cfiA genes and upstream IS1186/IS1168 elements).

Adult↗