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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Multiple phantom limbs in a child.

This case report describes multiple phantom feet in a child after amputation of a leg. The subject is a 16-year-old girl who was born with a right leg 10 cm shorter than the left and who at the age of 6 was amputated below the right knee so that she could wear a prosthesis that would give her normal mobility. The girl reports that she subsequently experienced 2 phantom feet and 3 sets of phantom toes which have persisted to the present time. Each phantom has a distinct size, length and position in relation to the others and each is also the site of vivid sensations such as heat, tickle, and fatigue as well as voluntary and involuntary movement. She also describes sensations that resemble sensations experienced before the amputation: one of her phantom feet feels flat and locked into a forward position which corresponds with the actual shape and position of her congenitally deformed amputated foot. The implications of multiple phantoms are discussed with reference to recent concepts of phantom limbs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The functional demands on the intact limb during walking for active trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees.

The aim of this study was to investigate the loading demands placed on the intact limb in terms of joint moments and power for active trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees in comparison to a group of able-bodied subjects. Four (4) trans-tibial, 4 trans-femoral amputees and 10 able-bodied subjects walked at 1.2m.s(-1) along a walkway whilst kinematic data from both the intact and prosthetic limbs, and kinetic data from the intact limb only were collected. A Panasonic VHS video camera was used to film subjects walking in the sagittal plane with simultaneous force data collected from a Kistler force platform. The amputees were found to compensate for the functional loss of one or more joints by increasing net joint moments and power output on their intact limb compared to able-bodied subjects. At the intact limb ankle, the range of motion, peak dorsiflexor moment and power generation at toe-off increased. At the intact limb knee, power generation during stance and extensor moments and power absorption at toe-off increased. At the intact limb hip, extensor moment and power absorption during stance, and hip flexor moment and power generation at toe-off increased. These findings were partly attributed to the prostheses used but mainly to adaptation mechanisms displayed by trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees. They have implications for the mobility of amputees and the long term health of their joints. It was recommended that prosthesis design, prosthesis fitting and training in the use of the prosthesis were all factors which could be investigated with a view to minimising intact limb loading.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Ultrasound imaging in lower limb prosthetics.

The biomechanical interaction between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket determines the quality of fit of the socket in lower limb prosthetics. An understanding of this interaction and the development of quantitative measures to predict the quality of fit of the socket are important for optimal socket design. Finite-element modeling is used widely for biomechanical modeling of the limb/socket interaction and requires information on the internal and external geometry of the residual limb. Volumetric imaging methods such as X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound have been used to obtain residual limb shape information. Of these modalities, ultrasound has been introduced most recently and its development for visualization in prosthetics is the least mature. This paper reviews ultrasound image acquisition and processing methods as they have been applied in lower limb prosthetics.

Amputation Stumps↗
PubMed2003

Walking and running inter-limb asymmetry for Paralympic trans-femoral amputees, a biomechanical analysis.

The aim of this project was to further the research and understanding of the trans-femoral amputee's ability to walk and run by comparing the changes in walking and running inter-limb asymmetry. An objective biomechanical analysis was conducted on four male transfemoral amputees, all members of the Australian Paralympic training squad for the 1996 Atlanta Paralympic Games. The data was collected in the biomechanics laboratories at Queensland University of Technology and the Australian Institute of Sport. The main outcomes measure a synchronised 3D kinematic (200 Hz), kinetic (600 Hz) and temporal analysis of walking at self-selected (1.1-1.3 m/s), and at maximal running speed (2.5-4.3 m/s). The walking and running biomechanical data was summarised into 27 indices of symmetry. The results showed that for all subjects the inter-limb asymmetry was significantly different at running speed, when compared to the walking speed. Using indices of symmetry 79% of the kinematic, 67% of the kinetic, and 67% of the temporal measurements identified better inter-limb asymmetry when the subjects walked, compared to running. This study objectively identified that when Paralympic level amputees ran on their standard running prosthesis, the inter-limb asymmetry was exacerbated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Reaction times of normal subjects and amputees with below-knee and above-knee prostheses during stepping.

Reaction times (RTs) of nine normal subjects and 11 amputees with prosthetic limbs were examined in standing posture and during stepping movement. There were significant differences of RTs between standing and stepping, and between the phases of the stepping cycle in both the normal subjects and the BK or AK amputees with prosthetic limbs. The attentional demand during stepping movement and the applicability of probe RT procedure to assess prosthetic limb were briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Upper limb amputees: a clinic profile.

A clinic population of upper limb amputees was located to document their management and functional restoration. Of the 38 people contacted, 26 agreed to participate. Data were collected by questionnaires, and by physical and prosthetic examination. Prostheses were worn by 81% all or part of the day, 77% using active terminal devices. A change in occupation was noted by nine, and one was unemployed. Comfort and cosmesis were satisfactory. Prostheses were reported least useful for leisure activities. Long-term attention to fit and maintenance, updated training, and recent information might result in improved prosthetic function and satisfaction for upper limb amputees.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The orthotic management of the congenitally short lower limb--a new appliance.

AIM: To describe an appliance used for equalisation of severe congenital lower limb length discrepancy for patients who refuse to undergo any operative correction but wish to walk and look better. METHOD: The appliance which is a combination of an ischial bearing brace and a below knee prosthesis was fitted to four patients, aged between 12 and 31 years, with congenital shortening of the lower limb ranging between 17 to 27 centimetres. The diagnosis was proximal femoral focal deficiency in 2 patients, hypoplastic femur in 1 and tibial hemimelia in the fourth patient. The appliance could accommodate existing deformities of the knee, ankle and foot without any operative correction as well as equalise the lower limb length. It is modular in construction and could be easily assembled from off-the-shelf components. RESULT: The appliance improves the gait as well as the appearance, could be fitted to the patient without the prior need of operative correction and could be well disguised under any loose fitting garment. Four patients with severe congenital shortening of the leg have used it for over three years and are pleased with it. It requires little maintenance. CONCLUSION: The appliance is useful for patients with severe congenital shortening of the lower limb who refuse to undergo operative correction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The stump and the prosthesis.

In performing amputations the surgeon must bear in mind the biomechanical and other constraints of the prosthesis likely to be fitted and, so far as possible, should fashion the stump accordingly. The various types of prosthesis and their features are discussed in relation to amputations of the lower and upper limbs at all levels.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

Design of a 3-D surface scanner for lower limb prosthetics: a technical note.

A three-dimensional (3-D) noncontact optical surface range sensing imaging system that captures the entire circumferential and distal end surfaces of lower limb residua in less than 1 second has been developed. The optical surface scanner (OSS) consists of four charge injection device (CID) cameras and three white light projectors, mounted on a rigid frame surrounding the subject's residuum, allowing 360 degrees surface coverage of the lower residual limb. Anatomic 3-D computer graphics reconstruction of a residuum surface, recorded with the OSS imaging system, is used for visualization and measurement. One cubical and two spherical calibration test objects were used to obtain a system precision of less than 1 mm. In a study conducted with 13 persons with below knee (BK) amputation, the OSS system was compared to calipers, electromagnetic digitizer, and volumetric computed tomography with better than 1 mm precision on plaster positive casts and approximately 2 mm on the residual limbs.

Amputation, Surgical↗