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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[An already archived latent fingerprint as a DNA source for STR typing in a murder case].

Former studies have shown that even a single skin contact, resulting in a latent fingerprint, can transfer enough DNA for genetic analysis. However, up to now latent fingerprints have usually not been used for DNA typing. In the present case the smeared trace of a hand was found in the suspect's car and archived. As it could not be evaluated in a classical manner, the evidence had to be examined by molecular genetic methods. DNA was extracted and typed in five different STR loci. Based on the yielded results, the significance of the findings is discussed.

DNA↗
PubMed1992

Longitudinal analysis of point mutations of the N-ras proto-oncogene in patients with myelodysplasia using archived blood smears.

We performed a longitudinal analysis of point mutations of the N-ras proto-oncogene in patients with myelodysplasia and a follow-up of at least 2.5 years after diagnosis. Point mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61 of the N-ras oncogene were analyzed after in vitro amplification of N-ras specific sequences followed by dot-blot hybridization. Lysed cells scraped from archived blood and bone marrow smears were used as template for a polymerase chain reaction. In 3 of 90 patients tested (3.3%), a mutation in codon 12 could be detected in the most recent blood smears. All available blood and bone marrow samples of these patients were subsequently analyzed for the occurrence of that particular mutation. In all three cases the mutation was not detectable at diagnosis, but was acquired later during the course of the disease. In two of these patients this event was associated with rapid deterioration and transformation to acute leukemia. However, the third patient showed a protracted course during a period of 5 years after acquisition of the mutation. These results indicate that activation of the N-ras protooncogene in these three patients represents a secondary phenomenon associated with disease progression in some cases, but compatible with stable disease in others.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Picture archiving and communication systems.

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are highly versatile data storage and retrieval systems that facilitate the transfer of digital images and patient data throughout a healthcare enterprise. Typically, they process images from diagnostic imaging modalities and are interfaced to radiology information systems (RISs) and hospital information systems (HISs) to improve overall workflow. For this Evaluation, we tested six PACS from six suppliers. Ideally, a PACS should allow the healthcare facility to achieve a fully automated workflow, in which patient image data is shared seamlessly from one system to another within a single electronic medical record (EMR). Although our testing found that this ideal has not yet been completely realized, many of the evaluated systems have taken significant steps in that direction. This Evaluation was limited to radiology PACS; however, more and more facilities are considering single PACS solutions to cover the needs of all their imaging departments.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

The power of picture archiving and communication systems: strategic hospital considerations.

As healthcare information becomes more digitized, hospitals are adopting critical diagnostic tools to improve patient care decisions, while reducing errors and increasing overall efficiency. According to Radiology (2000), 75 percent of the imaging procedures performed in 1995 used devices that were not available in 1970. Today, imaging applications continue to move from research and development into common use each year With regard to digital imaging, Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) perhaps have changed radiology more than any other application in the past few decades. Once regarded as "nice-to-have-but-too-expensive" devices, PACS are rapidly moving into the mainstream of "must-have" solutions for quality-conscious and forward-thinking hospital CEOs. However, before widespread implementation of PACS can occur, several critical factors should be taken into consideration.

Competitive Bidding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Picture archiving and communication system: the impact of filmless and distance radiology.

The progressive spread of Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) in medical imaging constitutes some of the major changes in the radiology and hospital environment during the past decade. The major benefit of PACS resides in its ability to communicate images and reports to referring physicians in a timely and reliable fashion. Filmless radiology offers the opportunity to redesign departmental and enterprise-wide workflow with increase in efficiencies of technologists, clerical staff and radiologists. PACS may improve patient care by providing real-time radiology and by enabling teleradiology. These technologies and the changing environment in radiology may force the radiologists to become more directly involved in the triage and management decisions for the patient. Occasional consultations, regularly scheduled consultation services, and multidisciplinary clinical discussions including a radiologist may help directing physicians to the best sequence of examinations to resolve a clinical problem.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Short report: Rapid DNA extraction from archive blood spots on filter paper for genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum.

The practical advantages of sampling and storing blood on filter paper for analyses of human and pathogen genes highlight the need for reliable, sensitive, and cost-effective DNA extraction methods. We describe a new Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer-based method for extraction of DNA from blood dried on filter paper. The method was evaluated against the commonly used methanol and Chelex methods, regarding polymerase chain reaction detection of Plasmodium falciparum parasites from samples stored for 1-2 years. The sensitivity of detection was dependent on the parasite density and type of filter paper. For 3MM Whatman filter paper, the sensitivity was 100%, 73%, and 93% for the TE, methanol, and Chelex methods, respectively. For the longer stored 903 Schleicher & Schuell filter paper, the sensitivity was 93%, 73%, and 0%, respectively. This rapid, simple, and inexpensive extraction method generated superior results from archived specimens compared with the two standard methods and may represent a useful tool in molecular epidemiologic studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new method for optimizing multiplex DNA microsatellite analysis in low quality archival specimens.

BACKGROUND: Testing microsatellite instability seems to be a useful tool for the initial screening of putative non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), preceding analysis of germ-line mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes. However, diagnosis of microsatellite instability becomes complicated when highly-damaged DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens has to be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A new methodical approach was established based on special multiplex PCR regimes (e.g., on touch-up cycling conditions), allowing both sufficient, as well as specific, amplification of the Bethesda reference panel loci with low quality DNA as template. RESULTS: By applying our new method, microsatellite instability could be analyzed successfully in 75 out of 84 investigated tumors (89%), whereas, by using standard PCR protocols, microsatellite analysis failed in 36% of the investigated cases. CONCLUSION: Our new methodical approach should be recommended for the use of archival material since it allows an efficient and accurate amplification of the Bethesda marker fragments and is less dependent on the DNA quality.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2006

Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, Survivin, DD3 and PCGEM1 messenger RNA in archival prostate carcinoma tissue.

INTRODUCTION: The wide spectrum of biological behavior displayed by prostate cancer (PCa) warrants investigation of potential PCa-specific biomarkers that could identify more aggressive tumor types and therefore provide prognostic value. Upregulation of expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), Survivin, DD3 and PCGEM1 mRNAs in PCa lesions has recently been described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of detection of over-expression of these biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostatectomy tissue from 26 patients with PCa (Gleason score 3-9, mean 7) and 14 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for semiquantitative transcript levels of hTERT, Survivin, DD3 and PCGEM1. In addition, 25 matched normal (MN) tissue samples were examined. The expression of biomarker mRNA relative to b2-microglobulin mRNA was determined using AlphaImager 2200 data analysis software. RESULTS: The biomarkers had sensitivities ranging from 91% to 100%. Clinical specificities evaluated with the BPH tissue were the following: hTERT mRNA (93%), DD3 mRNA (57%), Survivin (29%) and PCGEM1 (14%). Biomarker expressions were up to 13.5-fold higher in PCa tissue as compared to MN tissue. None of the tumor biomarkers showed a positive correlation with pathological stage and Gleason score. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate potential utility of the hTERT mRNA and DD3 mRNA as diagnostic but not prognostic biomarkers for PCa.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical archiving: solutions for medical image management.

Within the field of radiology, innovations in digital imaging have led to the development of the picture archival and communication system (PACS), which is now a part of the fundamental technological infrastructure supporting radiology practice in the digital age. Healthcare providers like hospitals, outpatient centers, and clinics are facing an explosion of medical imaging content as the industry continues the transfer from film to digital format. As a result, providers need to rethink their storage architecture strategies to better address the varied applications of the modern healthcare organization. Digital medical images are typically very large and technological advances are constantly increasing the rate at which such data is being recorded, image volume can present a storage capacity challenge. In addition, the images must be safely stored for a long time and easy to access. Regardless of strategy, the continued deployment of PACS as the primary vehicle to streamline medical imaging workflow, manage image access and increase user productivity is important. Grid computing, typically associated with the capture of idle computational cycles on heterogeneous servers, employs computing techniques that can offer providers unique solutions to their storage problems.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed2006

Detection rates in pediatric diagnostic imaging: A picture archive and communication system compared with a web-based imaging system.

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study assesses whether there are differences in accuracy of interpretation of diagnostic images among users of a picture archive and communication system (PACS) diagnostic workstation, compared with a less costly Web-based imaging system on a personal computer (PC) with a high-resolution monitor. METHODS: One hundred consecutive pediatric chest or abdomen and skeletal X-rays were selected from hospital inpatient and outpatient studies over a 5-month interval. They were classified as normal (n = 32), obviously abnormal (n = 33), or having subtle abnormal findings (n = 35) by 2 senior radiologists who reached a consensus for each individual case. Subsequently, 5 raters with varying degrees of experience independently viewed and interpreted the cases as normal or abnormal. Raters viewed each image 1 month apart on a PACS and on the Web-based PC imaging system. McNemar tests were used to compare accuracy of interpretation across both imaging systems. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for differences in the proportion assessed incorrectly on the PACS, compared with the Web-based PC imaging system. RESULTS: There was no relation between accuracy of detection and the system used to evaluate X-ray images (P = 0.92). The total percentage of incorrect interpretations on the Web-based PC imaging system was 23.2%, compared with 23.6% on the PACS (P = 0.92). For all raters combined, the overall difference in proportion assessed incorrectly on the PACS, compared with the PC system, was not significant at 0.4% (95%CI, -3.5% to 4.3%). CONCLUSION: The high-resolution Web-based imaging system via PC is an adequate alternative to a PACS clinical workstation. Accordingly, the provision of a more extensive network of workstations throughout the hospital setting could have potentially significant cost savings.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Digital archiving and communication in hospitals].

Different concepts and already available components of a HIS (Hospital Information System) for archiving all data in a hospital are described. Using the example of the Kiel University Hospital, it is shown that a complete HIS-system can be made from already commercially available components.

Germany↗
PubMed1977

Hutchinson's Archives of Surgery revisited.

I present a bried review of Hutchinson's Archives of Surgery. I have listed most of his well-known and not-so-well-known early clinical descriptions. To this list can be added descriptions of Peutz-Jegher syndrome, lipomelanic reticulosis, telangiectatic lupus erythematosus, temporal arteritis, and recurrent herpes simplex on the thigh and buttocks. The characteristics of Hutchinson's writing are the use of catchy, descriptive terms, his use of patients' names for diseases, his belief in the effectiveness of illustrations, superb clinical observation but faulty conclusions, and a lack of humor. Seventy-two years after his death, there is still much that can be learned about clinical disease from Hutchinson.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1991

Dual-parameter flow cytometric analysis coupling the measurements of forward-angle light scatter and DNA content of archival ovarian carcinomas of low malignant potential.

Paraffin-embedded archival specimens from 45 cases of ovarian carcinoma of low malignant potential (OCLMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Since single-parameter FCM analysis is often deficient in the resolution of subtle near-diploid DNA-aneuploid populations, forward-angle light scatter (FALS) was measured as a second parameter. DNA aneuploidy was identified in 15 cases (33%). In 7 of those 15 cases, aneuploidy was resolved with single-parameter FCM; in the remaining 8 cases, DNA aneuploidy was resolved only following dual-parameter analysis coupling DNA content and FALS. In all 15 cases, a single near-diploid aneuploid population was observed (mean DNA index = 1.2); there were no tetraploid aneuploid cases. The proliferative activity for all 45 cases studied ranged from 1.0% to 8.9%, with a mean of 3.5%. No difference in mean proliferative activity was observed between the aneuploid and diploid tumors (P greater than .05). To exclude the possibility that PI staining artifacts caused the observed aneuploidy, five of the eight cases shown to be aneuploid by dual-parameter analysis were further studied using an alternate DNA-binding dye, DAPI, yielding similar results. To exclude the possibility that contaminating stromal and/or inflammatory cells caused the observed aneuploidy, samples from a subset of the dual-parameter cases were sorted, revealing the aneuploid populations to be composed primarily of tumor nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1991

Small metacentric marker chromosomes in unbanded archival material from carcinomas of the cervix uteri.

Since a small metacentric marker chromosome, probably an isochromosome for the short arm of chromosome 5, was found in about three-quarters of carcinomas of the cervix in recent studies using chromosome banding techniques, 36 tumours from the prebanding era which yielded excellent chromosome spreads were reviewed: it was found that a similar proportion of these tumours had a small metacentric marker, on average 38% longer than the chromosomes 19 and 20, often in two copies. The marker was also seen in one of two cervical carcinomas in situ. This study on archival material lends support to the view that the marker represents a characteristic and significant finding in this class of tumour.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1990

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus genomes in archival tissues by polymerase chain reaction.

We used oligonucleotide primers designed from DNA sequences unique to the long internal direct repeated region of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to enzymatically amplify this segment of the EBV genome in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The products amplified from EBV templates were detected by hybridization with a labeled probe specific for this highly conserved, reiterated region. Epstein-Barr virus-related sequences were detected in the spleen of a patient with infectious mononucleosis, in lung and lymph node specimens from a patient with pulmonary manifestations of infectious mononucleosis, in various tissues from seven immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients with immunoproliferative disorders, and in small biopsy specimens from a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. No viral sequences were detected in 20 histologically normal spleens or 10 lymph nodes. Polymerase chain reaction technology provides an effective means for documenting EBV infection in archival tissues. This approach should facilitate the diagnosis of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders and difficult cases of infectious mononucleosis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

C-myc proto-oncogene amplification detected by polymerase chain reaction in archival human ovarian carcinomas.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was used to examine the state of amplification of the proto-oncogene c-myc in archival ovarian carcinomas. Sequences from the c-myc gene and from a control gene were amplified simultaneously by PCR and the ratios of the two products measured. The results provided an accurate measurement of the relative number of copies of the two genes in each tumor genome if the control and test sequences amplified by PCR were of equal lengths. The results were not affected by the number of PCR cycles used. This technique should facilitate gene amplification studies in clinical medicine. Increased c-myc copy number was found in 17% of the 30 cases examined when a control from the same chromosome as c-myc was used, but in 37% of cases if a control from another chromosome was used. This underlines the importance of the genetic location of the selected control genes for such studies.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Suicide across the adult life-span: an archival study.

This archival study, concerning the demographic variable of age, involved the assessment of 8 identified classifications (clusters) as possible predictors of suicide notes and, by implication, suicide. The possible predictors, derived from the theoretical work of 10 suicidologists, were as follows: unbearable psychological pain, interpersonal relations, rejection-aggression, inability to adjust, indirect expressions, identification-egression, ego, and cognitive constriction. Independent judges noted the incidence of contents corresponding to 36 specific protocol sentences, constituting the 8 clusters, in 60 suicide notes--20 notes written by individuals in Young, Middle, and Late Adulthood. An analysis was able to discriminate the age groups on a number of clusters, notably in regard to Young Adults, although considerable commonalities were noted across the adult life span. The results indicate that a life-span perspective is essential when one is constructing a model to interpret suicide of adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) for radiological images: state of the art.

Implementation of a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is a system integration task and requires the knowledge of multidisciplinary fields. This paper reviews current PACS development with emphasis on radiological images. The following topics are covered: methods of image acquisition, image compression, storage, display, communication, and image database structure. Methods of implementation of PACS in a clinical environment as well as current operational PACS in hospitals are reviewed. A survey of private industry participating in PACS research and development are also given.

Hospital Information Systems↗