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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pulmonary atelectasis formation during diving with closed-circuit oxygen breathing apparatus.

The physiological effects of diving with two types of closed-circuit oxygen breathing apparatus were investigated in 4 divers. In one apparatus the breathing bag was mounted on the dorsum and in the other on the chest, inducing -2 kPa and +1 to +2 kPa static lung load in the prone position, respectively. The back-mounted bag caused an unfavorable swimming position, with increased heart rate, breathing rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for work load. The greater internal and external work of breathing (the latter judged from the higher RPE for breathing resistance) probably contributed to a higher RPE for discomfort with the back-mounted bag. Three divers showed great reduction in vital capacity (VC) (0.8 to 1.9 liters) and developed coughing attacks after dives with this apparatus; these results were interpreted as possible indications of atelectasis formation. The 4th diver showed slight reduction in VC with both types of bag, possibly because the changes in static lung loads did not influence the airway closure in this man.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The present status and problems in artificial heart and lung apparatus and its clinical use].

The present status and problems in the usage of pump oxygenator were analysed through the answer obtained by questionaires which were sent to the 32 of major institution throughout our country. The total number of artificial heart and lung apparatus in use at 32 institutions were 5694, 5472 of roller pump and 222 of pulsatile pump, which showed predominantly in roller tyle. As for the artificial lung, 3151 were bubble oxygenator and 2172 were membrane type, membrane type appeared to be more popular. Only 4 institutions were satisfied with the use of present apparatus, rest of them were not satisfied and preclaimed certain demand of improvement of instrument, especially in 12 institution, compactrization of instruments were advised. The safety of the extracorporeal circulation with the use of present apparatus were accepted by 10 institution, however, complications such as hemolysis and organ failures like renal insufficiency were listed by 21 institutions. It appears to be concluded that much effort to improve the present pump oxygenator regarding to compactirization, safeness and automatic control of the machine are mandatory.

Extracorporeal Circulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of straddling and sitting apparatus for the spastic cerebral-palsied child.

The sitting posture of a spastic cerebral-palsied child in a standard chair and on a straddling apparatus is discussed in this paper. It is suggested from the literature that a sitting apparatus which encourages hip abduction positioning provides the stability a child needs to engage in bilateral hand skills. In examining the sitting posture of a cerebral-palsied child, it is recommended that straddling apparatus be used.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1977

Apparatus for controlling temperature of catheter contents in cold environments.

An apparatus was developed to prevent the freezing of catheter contents during blood sampling or liquid infusion into animals maintained at sub-freezing temperatures. The apparatus consisted of a larger, outer set of plastic and copper tubes and a smaller, inner set of tubes. The catheter was passed inside the inner set. Water circulated through the outer set kept the contents of the catheter inside the inner set from freezing. The apparatus was also useful for the rapid cooling of blood to a predetermined temperature while a sample was being withdrawn from an animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Nervous apparatus of the 8th pair of cranial nerves after exposure to gravitation loading].

Neural apparatus of epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium of the cat vestibulocochlear nerve was studied by methods of Rasskazova, Bielshowsky--Gross, Kampos, Kuprianov, Gomori, Falck in modification of Chilingarian, Koelle--Gomori, Falck--Hillarp--Govyrin. A single gravitation loading effect was stated to produce reactive, and sometimes destructive changes in the sensitive nervous structures of the intraorganic apparatus of the neural sheaths. The greatest and earliest changes (the first day) were noted in the neural apparatus of epineurium of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the least and latest (the third day) -- in endoneurium.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1984

An apparatus for quantitative collection of urine from male cattle, sheep, and swine.

An apparatus for quantitative collection of urine from male cattle, sheep, and swine was designed. The apparatus was constructed of elastic, waterproof cloth, fabric fastener, and a waterproof bag. The apparatus was lightweight, easily installed on the animal, resulted in no apparent discomfort to the animal, and could be used for extended collection periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Development of the neural apparatus of blood vessels in the common frog in ontogenesis].

The neural apparatus of the aorta, abdominal vein, ischiatic, femoral, pulmonary and caudal vessels has been studied histochemically in tadpoles (the 30th-50th stages of development) and in 1-year-old animals. It has been stated for the first time that in the frog, a representative of the Amphibia class, like in mammals and birds, formation of the adrenergic apparatus in various vessels does not take place simultaneously. For instance, the first adrenergic fibers in the hind limb vessels appear much earlier than in other arteries and veins. The process of the adrenergic innervation development and its completion in vessels of various areas is taking its course differently. In the aorta and in the abdominal vein the formation of the adrenergic plexus develops as increasing density and amount of the mediator in the adrenergic fibers and is completed with maturation in an adult animal. In contrast to these vessels, maturation of the adrenergic apparatus in the hind limb arteries and veins takes place during a shorter interval and is completed at the end of metamorphosis AchE-containing fibers are revealed in tadpoles, as well as in a mature frog only in the aortal arc and in the pulmonary artery. In these vessels the development of cholinergic innervation leaves behind that of the adrenergic innervation, as it does in the vessels of Mammalia, and the human subject.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of a new apparatus for determining sodium and potassium via ion-selective electrodes].

Evaluation of an apparatus for the direct measurement of sodium and potassium by means of ion-selective electrodes yielded very good results. This apparatus is notable for excellent linearity. It possesses a low detection threshold, the lowest identification limit being 4.43 mmol./l. for sodium and 0.21 mmol./l. for potassium. The sensitivity is high, since it is approximately 1.5 mmol./l. for sodium in whole blood and approximately 0.15 mmol./l. for potassium. On checking the accuracy of the instrument, a mean recovery of 100% was seen for both electrolytes. An examination of the precision of the instrument yielded, in serial determinations of sodium, variation coefficients between 0.2 and 0.4%, and in case of potassium, variation coefficients around 1%; even in respect of day-to-day precision, all variation coefficients were definitely below 5%. Hence, the overall precision of the apparatus can be rated as good. However, when using whole blood samples anticoagulated with sodium heparinate solution, it is necessary to take the dilution effect into account when arriving at the potassium value.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1983

[Histochemical characteristics of the neural apparatus of the bronchi in different states of tonus].

Composite histoenzymochemical characteristics of the nervous apparatus of bronchi in vagotomy, desympathetization, histamine shock, and development of pneumonia experimentally and clinically were obtained. The development of bronchospasm under the above effects and in pneumonia was found to be accompanied by decreases in the activity of acetylcholinesterase, the content of noradrenaline, a high content of nucleoproteins, polysaccharides, a high activity of oxidoreductases in different structures of the nervous apparatus of the bronchi. Bronchodilatation was accompanied by a decrease of all the above-mentioned indicators of the status of the nervous apparatus as well as destructive changes in its elements. The condition of production and utilization of the cholinergic and adrenergic mediators is discussed on the basis of the data obtained.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1981

[Participation of the vestibular apparatus in regulating shivering].

Participation of the vestibular apparatus in the control of bioelectrical activity and function of muscle motor units was studied in experiments on cats with cold shivering. It was shown that the shivering was suppressed by limitation of the vestibulospinal effects whereas stimulation of the vestibular apparatus enhanced it. Suppression of the shivering after delabyrinthation manifested both in the increased frequencies of impulses in the active motor units and in the recruitment of new units, previously "silent". Participation of the vestibular apparatus in cold shivering control and the mechanism by which the animal's posture is formed thereby restricting the heat-release surface are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[State of the insular apparatus in rats with transplanted and induced tumors].

Observations were carried out in rats with transplantable Geren's carcinoma or sarcoma induced by 3,4-benz (a) pyrene. The contents of plasma immune-reactive insulin (IRI), the glucose tolerance and response of the insular apparatus to the glycemia level were found to change at all stages of the tumor growth. Most of animals had low levels of IRI in blood, the glucose tolerance was decreased. Some rats with Geren's carcinoma showed the signs of increased functioning of the insular apparatus. It was shown that disorders in the insular apparatus function in tumor-bearing animals were due to changing of its response to the level of glycemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Modern x-ray apparatus for pediatric radiology (Pädiatrix) (author's transl)].

First experiences with the new apparatus "Pädiatrix" in pediatric radiology are reported. The apparatus is especially constructed for babies and children. X-ray pictures can be taken close-up and in distance with the tube above the table. Fluoroscopy can be performed with image intensivier. X-ray pictures with Bucky-diaphragm by the technique of middle and normal size and oblique or horizontal direction are to be made. Tomography and zonography can be done. The apparatus has proven useful for clinical radiological diagnostics after three years of experience.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[Use of the "Steritest" apparatus for testing the sterility of antibiotic preparations].

The efficiency of determining microbial contamination of artificially infected preparations of 8 antibiotics in ampoules and bottles and erythromycin eye ointment with the use of apparatus "Steritest" and "Millipore" was compared. It was found that "Steritest" had a number of advantages as compared to "Millipore" because of elimination of operations for preparing the apparatus for the assay, which prevented contamination of the apparatus with microorganisms from the environment. The time required for the assay with the use of "Steritest" was 2 times shorter and the amount of the tioglycol medium was 2 times lower.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Regulation of the pattern of basal bodies within the oral apparatus of Tetrahymena thermophila.

The number and arrangement of basal bodies included in the four compound ciliary organelles making up the mature oral apparatus of Tetrahymena thermophila ordinarily vary only slightly. Severe starvation brings about formation of oral structures with a reduced number of basal bodies within these organelles, and sometimes with a complete loss of one of the component organelles. Such reductions are stringently specified in spatial terms, but they do not represent simple and proportional shrinkage of the organelle complex. Instead, certain spatial features remain essentially unaltered, while others undergo major quantitative reductions, resulting in large changes in the internal proportions of the structures. This selective regulation can be explained in terms of the different parallel and sequential processes taking place during the development of this organelle complex. There is also no strict proportionality between the size of the oral apparatus and that of the cell; instead, oral apparatuses become relatively larger as cells become smaller. This is due in part to the inherent temporal discontinuity of oral development, but there is probably also a real change in the oral/body size relation at the time of oral development. The 'French flag' rule fails when applied to the relative sizes and internal proportions of organelle systems in this and in other ciliates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Means of improving the operational safety of balloon-pump counter-pulsation apparatus].

The apparatus of assisted circulation, in particular those intended for counter-pulsation with the pump-balloon, as concerns their reliability and safety to units whose failure presents immediate danger for the patient's life. An analysis of modern batch manufactured apparatus revealed a tendency toward widening the scope and complicating the signallization means of automatic protection and preventing failures. It is shown that the reliability of the units for counter-pulsation with the pump-balloon is not only a technical, but also a biomedicocybernetic problem. Substance is given to the need for introduction into the system of the apparatus for assisted circulation of sand-by actuating mechanisms for secure a purposeful influence on the physiological parameters of the organism.

Assisted Circulation↗
PubMed1982

Effects of dilution, pressure, and apparatus on hemolysis and flow rate in transfusion of packed erythrocytes.

The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to measure both the independent and interactional effects of dilution, pressure, and apparatus on flow rates and hemolysis during rapid administration of erythrocytes. Administration of undiluted erythrocytes increased the concentration of plasma-free hemoglobin by as much as 270% per unit under certain conditions. Transfusion flow rates for packed red blood cells were found to be determined by dilution, pressure, and apparatus and varied by as much as 450%. No significant correlation was found between flow rate and hemolysis. Regardless of the external bag pressure applied or the transfusion apparatus used, packed erythrocytes should be diluted (with at least 100 ml of normal saline) to decrease hemolysis and increase flow rate.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of cellular nucleoproteins by nucleoprotein-celite-chromatography. I. Structural rearrangements of the chromosomal apparatus coupled with cellular quiescence-growth transitions].

By using the nucleoprotein-celite-chromatography of unfractionated cell lysates it was found that two alternative states of the chromosomal apparatus of eukaryotic cells exist, one of them being characteristic of resting cells (relaxed form), while another of growing cells (stabilized form). This finding evidences for the real occurrence of a special state of cellular quiescence, G0. DNA in form beta is much more tightly associated with proteins than DNA alpha. Upon cellular transitions from resting to growing state and vice versa the coupled rearrangements of chromosomal apparatus were observed, judging from corresponding chromatographic patterns. One state or another characterizes the chromosomal apparatus as a whole, rather than some of its subfractions. The tight DNA-protein interactions were observed in proliferating cells independent of the cell cycle phase.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1981

[Usefulness of the PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate) measured with Wright's apparatus for the diagnosis of chronic respiratory tract diseases in children].

The measurement error was estimated in 5 peak flow meters of Wright serving for measurements of peak respiratory flow rate in children. The estimation was carried out by two methods: 1) comparing the agreement of measurements with the apparatuses connected to steady flow generator. 2) by means of a biological experiment making possible estimation of the apparatuses as well as the subjects carrying out the measurements. The first method, although disagreeing with the design of the apparatus, makes possible sufficiently accurate estimation, is simple, rapid. The second method demonstrated that the only source of differences between the measurements were instruments and not the personnel carrying out the measurements.

Child↗