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PubMed1985

Alopecia in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV).

When mouse cytomegalovirus was injected subcutaneously into 4-12 day old CDI mice there was infection of dermal cells and the dermal papillae of hair follicles. Infected cells were never seen in the epidermis nor in the epithelium of hair follicles. When larger doses of virus (5 X 10(4) pfu) were given, dermal infection led to gross necrosis of the skin, ulceration, scabbing and healing with alopecia. Smaller doses (10(4) pfu) did not cause gross necrosis but damage to follicles resulted in alopecia or sparse hair growth. Skin lesions were not seen after infection of 4-8 week old mice, even when the inoculated skin area had been epilated, or when hyaluronidase was mixed with the virus inoculum. These experiments show that cytomegalovirus, in contrast to herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, infects dermal but not epidermal cells, and that dermal tropism is age-restricted.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1986

Hyperprogesteronemia associated with Sertoli cell tumor and alopecia in a dog.

Hyperprogesteronemia was found in a dog with alopecia and Sertoli cell tumor. Alopecia began in the lumber areas; the entire coat was dull and dry, and epilated easily. The only laboratory abnormalities were high serum progesterone concentration and incomplete suppression of cortisol after low-dose dexamethasone administration. The hair regrew after castration, and the progesterone concentration decreased toward normal.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment of three patients with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-receptor-defect rickets and alopecia.

Three patients with clinically different severities of vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II, with alopecia, which is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-receptor-defect rickets and is particularly resistant to treatment with calciferol analogues, were treated with large doses of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha-(OH)D3) and 2 g of calcium lactate. Except for the alopecia, all of the abnormalities of patients 1 and 2 were reversed by treatment with 3 micrograms/kg/d of 1 alpha-(OH)D3, and those of patient 3, who had the severest manifestations, were reversed by treatment with 6 micrograms/kg/d. The serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations of the three patients were low before treatment and those of patients 1 and 2 increased during treatment. These findings suggest that in patients 1 and 2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase was stimulated via a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-receptor-mediated system by treatment with 1 alpha-(OH)D3.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of alopecia areata with dinitrochlorobenzene.

Persistent refractory alopecia areata in 26 patients was treated topically with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Sixteen patients have had excellent regrowth of hair; three patients could either not be initially sensitized or an adequate allergic contact dermatitis on the scalp did not develop. Two patients discontinued therapy within two months; hair growth did not develop in five patients despite an adequate trial. Augmentation of the T-lymphocyte pool via DNCB sensitization and challenge may become effective therapy for some patients with severe alopecia areata.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Inherited progressive cone--rod dystrophy and alopecia.

Two young sisters of Yemenite Jewish family with progressive cone-rod dystrophy accompanied with progressive alopecia of the scalp in one patient and with alopecia of the scalp and eyelashes in the other patient are presented. This rare disease seems to be autosomal recessively inherited since the patient's parents are first cousins and the family history is positive for a paternal grandmother and great-aunt having the same condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Scarring alopecia.

The scarring alopecias are a diverse group of diseases characterized by the combination of follicular destruction and dermal scarring. In this article we divide scarring alopecias into three broad categories, pediatric diseases, perifollicular lymphocytic diseases, and folliculopustular diseases, and discuss selected entities from each category.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The treatment of alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata has an unpredictable course that is not easily altered by treatment. Different treatments will provoke regrowth of terminal hair to a variable extent but may not prevent further hair loss. Corticosteroids are the most popular form of treatment and can be given topically, intralesionally, or, in rare cases, systemically; they work best by intralesional injection of long-acting steroid suspensions. Minoxidil has had limited success in stimulating hair regrowth without altering the course of alopecia areata. Short-contact anthralin therapy has also showed promise, especially in children. Other forms of treatment described herein include contact sensitizers, phototherapy, and immunomodulators such as inosiplex, cyclosporine, and nitrogen mustard.

Alopecia Areata↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of anthralin in the treatment of alopecia areata.

Anthralin cream 0.5% to 1.0% was used to treat 68 patients with severe alopecia areata. Therapy was relatively well tolerated, although all patients experienced pruritus and local erythema and scaling. Cosmetic response was seen in 17 (25%) of the patients, and was maintained during therapy in 12 (71%) of the 17 cosmetic responders. For the patients treated with 0.5% anthralin, the mean time to response (44 of 66 patients) was 11 weeks; the mean time to cosmetic response (13 of 66 patients) was 23 weeks. Duration of the current episode of hair loss did not correlate with cosmetic response. Compared with other currently available topical treatments, anthralin appears to be a reasonable therapeutic option for severe alopecia areata.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

Obliteration of alopecia by hair-lifting: a new concept and technique.

A new concept and technique of treatment of male-pattern alopecia are described. The concept is to remove, in serial stages, segments of skin that measure about 3 cm by 7 to 10 cm from the bald area of an alopecic scalp, and to raise the remaining hairy portion into the previously bald area.The technique consists of undermining the skin in the normal plane of cleavage between the galea and the sub-aponeurotic loose connective tissue after each removal of bald skin and "lifting" of hairy skin into the operative defects as they are obliterated by primary closure. By this method, which we call hair-lifting, the patient benefits also from an associated partial face-lift. Whatever remains of baldness after as much hair-lifting as feasible has been performed, is filled with "punch" grafts or free or pedicled strips. Each stage of the procedure is done under local anesthesia. The entire procedure is particularly suitable for tonsure baldness in men and even in the skull-cap type of androgenic alopecia in women.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1988

[Therapy of alopecia areata with diphenylcyclopropenone].

With special regard to practical aspects, we discuss the treatment of alopecia areata by topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone. Out of 27 patients treated this way, 10 patients showed good and cosmetically acceptable regrowth of terminal hair; 11 patients showed some regrowth, which was not satisfactory, however, for cosmetic reasons; 6 patients developed no hair growth at all. The complete failure of treatment in the latter cases may possibly be due to the long duration of the alopecia.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

Study of peripheral T-cell subpopulations and lymphocyte proliferation in different phases of evolution of alopecia areata.

The current hypothesis on the pathogenesis of alopecia areata is immunologically mediated, yet no conclusive data has been documented. To clarify the changes in various phases of disease evolution, analysis of T lymphocyte subpopulations was carried out in the peripheral blood of 34 patients and 27 healthy normal subjects by means of OKT-3, OKT-4, OKT-8 and Ia1 monoclonal antibodies. Study of lymphocyte proliferation in response to various mitogens was further carried out in 27 patients and 25 healthy normal subjects. Significant predominance (p less than 0.01) of OKT-8 positive (cytotoxic/suppressor) cells and diminution (p less than 0.01) of Ia1 positive cells were noted in the whole alopecia group and in various subgroups of disease evolution. Since diminution (p less than 0.05) of OKT-4 positive (inducer/helper) cells was also noted in the stable phase, it was postulated that these activated T cells migrated from circulation to the local site of primary event. Hence, it was evident that the predominance of cytotoxic/suppressor cells was a relative change, and the role of inducer/helper cells in the pathogenesis was implicated. No enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Topical minoxidil therapy for hereditary male pattern alopecia.

Minoxidil solution 2.8 percent applied topically produced new hair growth in patients with male pattern alopecia. An open trial involving 777 male patients was conducted over thirty-two months. Of these patients, 133 were followed for six months or longer. Forty-five percent noted growth that varied from a few vellus hairs to terminal hair. Better response was seen in patients who underwent longer treatment and who had type I or type II alopecia. Subjective evaluations by the patients were better than objective evaluations. No serious systemic effects of minoxidil were encountered; however, in one patient allergic contact dermatitis occurred. The mechanism of this growth is presently unknown but may be related to a vasodilatory effect or direct cell stimulation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

Tissue expansion in cicatricial alopecia.

A surgical approach for the treatment of cicatricial alopecia may be considered when the causal component has resolved and hair replacement is desired. Traditional procedures have been limited to scalp reduction and hair transplantation. The advent of expandable silicone implants under adjacent normal hair-bearing skin for the creation of scalp flaps offers another approach for scalp reconstruction. Tissue-expansion augmented scalp reduction of cicatricial alopecia is a surgical procedure for some patients who might not otherwise be candidates for surgical hair replacement.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prevention by hypothermic cap of antiblastic induced-alopecia.

Adriamycin, one of most effective antitumor drugs, is characterized by high toxicity. The adriamycin-induced alopecia is frequent (80-97% of patients) and rapidly shows itself (already after first treatment). Such toxic effect, so unpleasant particularly to female patients, was largely prevented in our experience (Gynecological Oncology Service) with the utilization of hypothermic caps. These caps, reducing the drug absorption above the scalp, allows limiting the hair loss. The result obtained (reduction of severe alopecia in 34% of patients) encourage the use of such a method to improve the life quality of patients.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1986

Congenital alopecia in a Bichon Frise.

A Bichon Frise pup had congenital alopecia. Histologic evaluation revealed the absence of hair follicles, arector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Unlike previously described cases of congenital ectodermal defect, this alopecia was not associated with any color pattern; the pup was white until it was 4 months old, at which time normal black and brown pigmentation developed independently of the alopecic pattern.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1986

Topical minoxidil dose-response effect in alopecia areata.

Topical 5% minoxidil solution was used to treat 47 patients with severe alopecia areata. Forty patients (85%) had terminal hair regrowth after 48 to 60 weeks of treatment. In the majority of patients, hair regrowth was not cosmetically acceptable. Data were compared with those from a previous study with topical 1% minoxidil solution. Both the percentage of responders and the quality of their hair regrowth were significantly greater with 5% than with 1% topical minoxidil solution. One patient developed an allergic contact dermatitis to minoxidil, but no systemic side effects were detected. The results strongly suggest a dose-response effect for topical minoxidil treatment of alopecia areata and the importance of exploring modifications in dosing and delivery systems to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Alopecia and drug eruption of the scalp associated with a new beta-blocker, nadolol.

Infiltrative dermatitis and marked alopecia of the scalp appeared shortly after a new beta-blocker, nadolol (Corgard), was prescribed for the treatment of a patient with hypertension. Cessation of the beta-blocker therapy, after four months of therapy, was followed by a dramatic involution of the eruption, and total regrowth of scalp hair occurred within three months. The associated eruption and rapid regrowth of hair upon discontinuation of nadolol distinguish this alopecia from the telogen effluvium previously associated with other beta-blocker drugs, such as propranolol (Inderal) and metoprolol (Lopressor).

Alopecia↗