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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Quantification of intensity of sensations during muscular work by normal subjects.

Eleven subjects performed a series of 30-s work bouts on a cycle ergometer at power outputs ranging from 20-120% of the work capacity (Wcap) achieved during an incremental cycle to exhaustion and estimated the intensity of several sensations (leg effort, muscle tension, muscle discomfort, muscle pain, and breathing discomfort) by using Borg's category-ratio scale (range 0-10 units). Leg effort was perceived as "just noticeable" at 31 +/- 15% Wcap, muscle tension was just noticeable at 31 +/- 16% Wcap, muscle discomfort was just noticeable at 47 +/- 21% Wcap, breathing discomfort was just noticeable at 52 +/- 19% Wcap, and muscle pain was just noticeable at 58 +/- 33% Wcap. The intensity of all sensations increased in a positively accelerating manner with increases in power output (P < 0.001). Above 60% Wcap, the intensity of leg effort and muscle tension exceeded the intensity of muscle pain (P < 0.01), and above 100% Wcap the intensity of muscle discomfort also exceeded the intensity of muscle pain (P < 0.01). At 120% Wcap, leg effort, muscle tension, and muscle discomfort were rated between "severe" and "very severe" (6.1 +/- 2.2, 6.4 +/- 2.0, and 5.6 +/- 2.1 Borg units, respectively), whereas muscle pain and breathing discomfort were rated between "moderate" and "somewhat severe" (3.6 +/- 2.1 and 3.3 +/- 1.9 Borg units, respectively). These results suggest that subjects have a perception of muscle pain during muscular work that is distinct from perceptions of leg effort, muscle tension, and muscle discomfort.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A 31P-NMR study of tissue respiration in working dog muscle during reduced O2 delivery conditions.

To investigate the role of tissue oxygenation as one of the control factors regulating tissue respiration, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR) was used to estimate muscle metabolites in isolated working muscle during varied tissue oxygenation conditions. O2 delivery (muscle blood flow x arterial O2 content) was varied to isolated in situ working dog gastrocnemius (n = 6) by decreases in arterial PO2 (hypoxemia; H) and by decreases in muscle blood flow (ischemia; I). O2 uptake (VO2) was measured at rest and during work at two or three stimulation intensities (isometric twitch contractions at 3, 5, and occasionally 7 Hz) during three separate conditions: normal O2 delivery (C) and reduced O2 delivery during H and I, with blood flow controlled by pump perfusion. Biochemical metabolites were measured during the last 2 min of each 3-min work period by use of 31P-NMR, and arterial and venous blood samples were drawn and muscle blood flow measured during the last 30 s of each work period. Muscle [ATP] did not fall below resting values at any work intensity, even during O2-limited highly fatiguing work, and was never different among the three conditions. Muscle O2 delivery and VO2 were significantly less (P < 0.05) at the highest work intensities for both I and H than for C but were not different between H and I. As VO2 increased with stimulation intensity, a larger change in any of the proposed regulators of tissue respiration (ADP, P(i), ATP/ADP.P(i), and phosphocreatine) was required during H and I than during C to elicit a given VO2, but requirements were similar for H and I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stress and nursing. Comparison of the levels of burnout between surgical departments and intensive care units].

Burnout is a state of workers of helping professions that results from a situation of work stress and is characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. Burnout levels were measured in three nursing staffs: two of them working in intensive care units and one in a surgical department. The results show significant statistical differences between the two staffs of intensive care units. Such differences seem to be connected with the psychological climate evaluated in the units.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed2004

Predictors of work disabilities in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to ascertain predictors of work insufficiency in patients with panic disorder (PD) with agoraphobia (AG). METHOD: Linear regression was used to identify predictors of work insufficiency in a sample of 72 consecutive outpatients with PD with AG. Intensity of work insufficiency was ascertained from modified National Institute of Mental Health Panic Questionnaire (NIMH PQ). That represented dependent variable. Independent variables were demographic data, duration of illness, presence of comorbid current major depression episode, presence of any personality disorder and scores on the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) subscales: panic attacks, AG (avoidance behavior), anticipatory anxiety and worries about health. RESULTS: Patients reported severe work insufficiency. The best predict variable for the work insufficiency in patients with PD with AG was high score on the PAS dimension of AG. CONCLUSION: Patients generally reported severe effects of PD with AG on work efficacy and the results suggested that the impaired work efficacy was the most associated with avoidance behavior. These results recommend that the treatment of PD with AG patients should be related to decreasing avoidance behavior in order to establish adequate work performance in patients.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1990

Study of educational experiences, support, and job satisfaction among critical care nurse preceptors.

Experienced critical care staff nurses are frequently called to serve as clinical preceptors for nurses and nursing students who are unfamiliar with the critical care unit. These critical care nurse preceptors require educational preparation, continuing education, and support for their role. This descriptive correlational study surveyed 73 critical care nurse preceptors at 10 teaching hospitals in a metropolitan area in the Midwest. Forty-eight (65.8%) participants reported receiving some type of educational experience to prepare them for the role of preceptor. Only 24.7% of the respondents, however, participated in continuing education experiences related to the preceptor role. Job satisfaction was measured with a 48-item Likert scale developed for nurses by Slavitt et al. No significant differences in job satisfaction were reported for preceptors who received educational preparation and those who did not. However, the type of unit in which the preceptor worked did affect job satisfaction. Critical care preceptors in units classified as intermediate care and emergency departments had greater levels of job satisfaction than nurses working in intensive care units (t[68] = 2.52, p = 0.01). In addition, the longer the preceptor worked in critical care, the lower the level of job satisfaction (r = -0.210, p = 0.04). Job satisfaction was also influenced by the support preceptors received from their institution; a significant positive correlation was seen between this support and the level of job satisfaction. A description of the format and content of preparation programs for critical care preceptors was also provided as a result of this study.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Re-signification of the human in the context of the "ciborgzation": a look at the human being-machine relationship in intensive care].

This study discusses the human being-machine relationship in the process called "cyborgzation" of the nurse who works in intensive care, based on post-structuralist Cultural Studies and highlighting Haraway's concept of cyborg. In it, manuals used by nurses in Intensive Care Units have been examined as cultural texts. This cultural analysis tries to decode the various senses of "human" and "machine", with the aim of recognizing processes that turn nurses into cyborgs. The argument is that intensive care nurses fall into a process of "technology embodiment" that turns the body-professional into a hybrid that makes possible to disqualify, at the same time, notions such as machine and body "proper", since it is the hybridization between one and the other that counts there. Like cyborgs, intensive care nurses learn to "be with" the machine, and this connection limits the specificity of their actions. It is suggested that processes of "cyborgzation" such as this are useful for questioning - and to deal with in different ways - the senses of "human" and "humanity" that support a major part of knowledge/action in health.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1999

[On the topic of do not resuscitate (DNR) orders on intensive care units: an evaluation of the present status on intensive care units of the Innsbruck University clinics].

INTRODUCTION: Intensive care physicians are frequently called upon to decide whether intensive care treatment is justified. Critically ill patients with a poor prognosis receive "Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders", which entitles the physician in charge to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation in case of cardiac arrest. Guidelines concerning the implementation of DNR orders do not exist for Austrian intensive care units. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different practices of issuing a DNR order in the departments of intensive care medicine at the University Hospital of Innsbruck. METHODS: Forty-nine physicians working in intensive care units were interviewed about the different procedures in the management of a DNR order. Furthermore, the various answers of senior physicians and assistant physicians were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-nine per cent of the interviewed physicians reported that DNR orders were always issued in writing. According to the answers of 63% of intensive care physicians, the decision to issue a DNR order is usually made by senior physicians. Twenty-nine per cent mentioned that nurses are never included in the decision making process and 6%, that the family is not included in the decision making process. According to 29%, the family is regularly informed about a written DNR order. Twenty per cent of the interviewed physicians reported that the quality of the administration of a written DNR order is very good, 6% that the quality is poor. CONCLUSION: We believe that the unsatisfactory situation in regard of DNR orders is not due to inactivity on the part of physicians, but is more likely a result of the inconclusive and, in part, contradictory legal situation. The physician is compelled to take a major decision within a poorly defined legal situation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Burnout and personality in intensive care: an empirical study.

Previous research into the causes of burnout has mainly been concerned with external triggers, such as onerous work criteria or organizational or social influences. Factors such as individual reactions and personality have largely been ignored as a possible etiology of burnout. In preparation for a long-term study, this general cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between burnout and personality variables. Different personality variables that have a possible impact on burnout were determined in a number of prestudies. The data were gathered from 119 people working in intensive care units. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used as well as certain subscales of the following personality questionnaires: Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), Inventory of Aggressivity (IA), Trier Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), Scales of Control (SC), Locus of Control (LC), and the Logo-test (LOGO). The scales of mental health, respectively Psychoprotection, external locus of control, and neuroticism, were confirmed as being statistically relevant concerning burnout. The application and significance of this study for future burnout research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Take heart: results from the initial phase of a work-site wellness program.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of a low-intensity work-site heart disease risk reduction program using a matched pair design with work site as the unit of analysis. METHODS: Twenty-six heterogeneous work sites with between 125 and 750 employees were matched on key organization characteristics and then randomly assigned to early or delayed intervention conditions. Early intervention consisted of an 18-month multifaceted program that featured an employee steering committee and a menu approach to conducting key intervention activities tailored to each site. RESULTS: Cross-sectional and cohort analyses produced consistent results. At the conclusion of the intervention, early and delayed intervention conditions did not differ on changes in smoking rates, dietary intake, or cholesterol levels. There was considerable variability in outcomes among work sites within each condition. CONCLUSIONS: Despite documented implementation of key intervention activities and organization-level changes in terms of perceived support for health promotion, this intervention did not produce short-term improvements beyond secular trends observed in control work sites. Research is needed to understand determinants of variability between work sites.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed2004

[French residents in anaesthesia and critical care - a nationwide survey].

OBJECTIVE: We surveyed the residents in their first (R1) and fourth (R4, last) years of residency in anaesthesia and intensive care in France. METHODS: The questionnaires mailed to each resident were designed to obtain personal data, motivation for specializing in anaesthesia and their opinion of their training. RESULTS: The response rates were 48% for the R1 residents and 77% for the R4 residents. There were 40% females in this population and the R1 residents were 25 +/- 1 year old, 29 +/- 2 year-old for the R4 residents. Almost half (46%) of the R1 responders were married as were 74% of the R4 residents. They spent an average of 726 each year on books, computers and other educational items. Most (71%) had opted for anaesthesia after considering other medical specialties, but only 12% had considered surgery. Half (51%) were on a training program that was far away from their home. They thought highly of their training, with the clinical training being rated above the non-clinical component. About half of them had obtained specialized certificates (mainly additional certification in intensive care and antibiotic therapy) during their residency. Two thirds of those in R4 expected to work in a public hospital and about one third expected to work in intensive care. Money was an important factor in their choice of profession. A majority planned to remain in the area where they had graduated in anaesthesia after their residency. Finally, 96% declared that they would choose anaesthesia again if they had to do so. CONCLUSION: French residents in anaesthesia are satisfied of their initial choice for anaesthesia and don't regret it at the end of their residency training.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The prevalence and patterns of occupational injury among south Texas high school students.

High school students frequently work long hours during the school year, increasing their risk of injury. Few studies have examined the relation between work injury and weekly work hours. This paper describes injuries among students in South Texas, where economically disadvantaged Hispanic students are heavily represented. Anonymous surveys were collected from 3565 secondary students in 23 schools. Self-reported data included weekly work hours and type of injury and job when injured. A dose-response effect was observed: increasing weekly work hours were related to injury (1-10 hours, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.0; 11-20 hours, 1.4; 21+ hours, 1.5), P < .000. The AOR for restaurant work was 3.2; for construction, 3.0; for factory, office, or skilled labor, 2.9; for agriculture, 2.8; for yard work, 2.0; and for babysitting (1.0). Males (OR = 1.5) were more prone to injury. High-intensity weekly work increased the likelihood of injury. Prevention efforts should be targeted to youth to reduce work injuries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2006

[Multimodal therapy patients with chronic cervical and lumbar pain. Results of a comparative prospective study].

BACKGROUND: Multimodal therapy has been established for patients with chronic low back pain, but studies reporting results in patients with chronic neck pain are rare. METHODS: This prospective clinical study compared the results in 97 patients with chronic cervical pain and 231 patients with chronic lumbar pain after three weeks of multimodal therapy. The following factors were analyzed in both groups at the beginning and after 6 months: ability to work, pain intensity and functional back capacity. RESULTS: Both groups had improved significantly after 6 months in all outcome parameters. Functional back capacity and ability to work at 6 months were not different between the two groups, but pain intensity was significantly lower in patients with low back pain compared to patients with neck pain. CONCLUSION: Multimodal therapy is also an efficient treatment strategy for patients with chronic cervical pain as has already been shown for patients with chronic lumbar pain.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Orthopaedic grade ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: some features of the main thermoluminescence glow curve.

Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of orthopaedic-grade ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene have been investigated between 20 and 200 degrees C. The TL at 1 degrees C s(-1) consists of two glow curves, a weaker intensity peak at 115 degrees C and the main peak at 70 degrees C, studied in this work. TL intensity increases with beta irradiation but with a dose-response influenced by heating rate. On the other hand, the peak maximum is affected by both irradiation and repeated use of a sample. The glow curve shifts to higher temperatures with increase in heating rate but only slightly so with change in beta irradiation dose, properties suggestive of first-order kinetics. Kinetic analysis for activation energy and order of kinetics, based on the discrete trap model, produce somewhat conflicting results. Whereas qualitative analysis of peak symmetry show that first-order kinetics apply, geometrical analysis of the peak shape suggests that the order of kinetics might be other than first-order. Values of activation energy evaluated using the initial rise method were found to be dose dependent and for a given beta dose are in agreement with calculations from peak shape and initial rise methods but less so with results from variable heating rate method.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1972

Effects of emotional factors on physical performance of dogs on the treadmill.

In dogs exercising on a treadmill, increase of physical performance was particularly pronounced when the animals were punished by an electric shock for slowing the speed of running and also upon hypothalamic stimulation producing flight response. This was accompanied by alterations of autonomic and metabolic functions. Food and stimulation of hypothalamic self-stimulation areas used as a reward for better performance was also effective, but only at the beginning of the work. On the other hand, hypothalamic and midbrain stimulation which produced a passive fear response decreased the intensity of work. Autonomic and metabolic functions were strongly affected. It appears that both the animal's motor activity and vegetative processes may be influenced by motivational factors in the course of physical performance.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Exercise-induced changes in lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) in skeletal muscles of the dog.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this work was to study the effect of physical exercise on muscle lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL) in dogs. Existence of two forms of LPL: heparin releasable and unreleasable was demonstrated in skeletal muscles, and the changes in the activity of both forms were followed during 3 h treadmill running, using biopsy samples taken from m. biceps femoris. During the first two hours of exercise the heparin releasable form of LPL was progressively increasing, whereas the heparin unreleasable form of the enzyme was decreasing. Thus, a significant negative correlation between activities of the two forms was ascertained (r = 0.72, P less than 0.01). In the final period of exercise, activity of the heparin releasable form of LPL tended to stabilize on the enhanced level, and activity of the heparin unreleasable form increased. In the further series of experiments a relationship between exercise intensity and activity of the heparin releasable form of LPL was studied during 1 h exercise bouts. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.84, P less than 0.001) was ascertained between LPL activity and intensity of work. A comparison between LPL activity in the muscle engaged in exercise (m. biceps femoris) and nonactive muscle (m. coccygeus) revealed that the enhancement of the enzyme activity during physical work does not occur in the latter. IN CONCLUSION: it was found that physical exercise induces a marked intensity-dependent increase of LPL activity in working muscles, which is probably caused by an elevated transport of the enzyme molecules from the muscle cells to the intravascular space. The latter suggestion is based on the reciprocal changes of the heparin releasable and unreleasable (probably intracellular) forms of LPL.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A simple exercise test for the prediction of relative heat tolerance.

A medical screening exercise test is presented which accurately predicts relative heat tolerance during work in very hot environments. The test consisted of 15-20 min of exercise at a standard absolute intensity of about 600 kcal/hr (140W) with the subject wearing a vapor-barrier suit. Five minutes after the subject exercised, recovery heart rate was measured. When this heart rate is used, a physiological limit (+/- approximately 5 min) can be predicted with 95% confidence for the most intense work-heat conditions found in nuclear power stations. In addition, site health and safety personnel can establish qualification criteria for work on hot jobs, based on the test results. The test as developed can be performed in an office environment with the use of a minimum of equipment by personnel with minimal expertise and training. Total maximal test duration is about 20-25 min per person and only heart rate need be monitored (simple pulse palpation will suffice). Test modality is adaptable to any ergometer, the most readily available and least expensive of which is bench-stepping. It is recommended that this test be available for use for those persons who, based upon routine medical examination or past history, are suspected of being relatively heat intolerant.

Adolescent↗