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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Subclassification of non-pathological left-handers poses problems for theories of handedness.

The throwing performance of 104 right-handers, and 96 left-handers with inconsistent and consistent hand preferences, as classified by the procedure used by Ponton (Neuropsychologia 25, 305-311, 1987), was examined. Left-handers with inconsistent hand preference write with the left, tap faster with the left, and perform better with the left on the Purdue Pegboard task (Peters and Servos, 1989), but are stronger in the right hand and throw better with the right hand. In the other two groups, strength and skill activities are laterally congruent. This poses difficulties for theories of handedness.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

ERP augmenting/reducing and sensation seeking: a critical review.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are generally considered capable of throwing light on the biological basis of personality traits. In particular, the ERP augmenting/reducing (A/R) phenomenon has been consistently associated with personality dimensions such as sensation seeking or impulsivity. However, doubts have been expressed regarding the validity of published evidence that individuals scoring high as sensation seekers are ERP augmenters. Reports of A/R-sensation seeking correlation in the opposite direction (in keeping with Petrie's hypotheses) threaten the construct validity of A/R, and lack of intermodal consistency throws serious doubts upon the existence of the central input-regulating mechanism once thought to be associated with sensation seeking. With the aim of clarification this article reviews the literature on the relationship between ERP A/R and sensation seeking, discusses the chief problems confronted by research in this area, and makes suggestions for future studies. It is concluded that experimental conditions of stimulus intensity and inter-stimulus interval may have played a part in the inconsistencies. The need to use a variety of measures of sensation seeking is stressed, and a number of other recommendations for research in this field are made.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1993

Education can never be neutral--teaching for subversion.

Nurse education is in the turbulent throws of political, demographic and ideological change, as many colleges adopt a curriculum to produce a new breed of nurse, through 'Project 2000'. Essentially however, those preparing these students for professional practice are often entrenched in the traditional and hierarchial tutor-student relationships with which we are all familiar. This paper seeks to explore the work of some radical educationalists with a view to presenting subversive teaching as a credible, and potentially desirable, entity. To cope with change and survive as a profession, nurse education cannot afford to throw out the bedpan along with its contents.

Assertiveness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of knot configuration and tying technique on the mechanical performance of sutures.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of knot configuration and tying technique on the mechanical performance of surgical sutures. Multifilament and monofilament nylon sutures were selected for this evaluation because they are commonly used in wound closure. The mechanical performance of these sutures was judged by the following parameters: knot breakage force, configuration of secure knots, and knot run down force. During each test, tension was applied at either rapid or slow rates, which correlates with the physician's speed of tying knots. On the basis of these mechanical performance tests, four throw square (1 = 1 = 1 =1) knots and five throw square (1 = 1 = 1 = 1 = 1) knots are recommended for monofilament nylon and multifilament nylon sutures, respectively, in which the speed of application of forces to the knots is relatively slow. Because these tests can easily be replicated in any laboratory, manufacturers now have a scientific basis for recommending specific tying techniques for their surgical sutures.

Physical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of emergency physician's tying technique on knot security.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of emergency physician's tying technique on knot security using 2-0 and 4-0 monofilament and multifilament nylon sutures. Using an Instron Tensile Tester and a portable tensiometer, knot security was achieved with these sutures using four-throw square knots (1 = 1 = 1 = 1). After didactic and psychomotor skill training, medical students were taught to construct the four-throw square knot using either a two-hand tie or an instrument tie. Using the portable tensiometer, their knot tying techniques were judged to be superior to those used by emergency physicians. The emergency physician's faulty technique can easily be corrected by didactic information and psychomotor skill training.

Emergency Medicine↗
PubMed2005

Tying a loop-to-strand suture: is it safe?

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the integrity of the loop-to-strand knot when tied with square and nonidentical sliding knots. STUDY DESIGN: The synthetic absorbable monofilament suture poliglecaprone 25 in 0 and 2-0 suture gauges was used in this experiment. For each suture gauge, 3 groups of knots were tested: (1) single strand-to-single strand, flat square knot, (2) loop-to-single strand, flat square knot, and (3) loop-to-single strand, nonidentical sliding knot. All knots were tied with 6 throws. The proportion of knots becoming untied was compared among the 3 groups for each suture gauge. Ultimate load required to untie or break knots within each group was also evaluated. RESULTS: The loop-to-strand knot performed well in both suture gauges tested as long as it was tied with a flat square knot. The loop-to-strand knot tied with a nonidentical sliding knot had an unacceptably high failure rate. CONCLUSION: The loop-to-strand termination of a continuous suture may be acceptable when tied with a 6-throw flat square knot but not acceptable if tied with sliding knots.

Catgut↗
PubMed2004

Cyclic testing of arthroscopic knot security.

PURPOSE: Arthroscopic soft tissue repairs undergo many cycles of tensioning and relaxation before significant tissue healing occurs, and knot security under cyclic loads is essential for good results after these repairs. The current study was designed to assess the security of arthroscopic knots under stepwise cyclic loading. TYPE OF STUDY: In vitro materials testing. METHODS: Three types of arthroscopic knots--sliding knots with loop reversal but without post switching (S=SxSxSxS), modified Revo knots with loop reversal and post switching twice (S=S//xSxS//xS), and the SMC knot backed by 2 throws with loop reversal and post switching (S//xS//xS)--were compared with five-throw square knots tied with an open technique. All knots were tied with No. 2 braided nonabsorbable suture around 2 aluminum rods. They were pretensioned to 10 N, and initial displacement was recorded. The knots were then cycled at 1 Hz for 9 different load levels, with 250 cycles at each level, followed by a 30-second rest period to allow recording of permanent laxity of the suture loop. The first step of cyclic loading was from 10 to 40 N, and the upper limit was increased by 10 N for each successive load level. Any knot surviving cyclical loading was pulled to failure. RESULTS: Ten knots of each configuration were tested. All 3 arthroscopic slip knots showed significantly less initial displacement compared with the square knots (0.26 mm compared with 0.45 mm, respectively, P <.005). All square and modified Revo knots reached the ninth (120 N) loading level, whereas only 6 of the SMC knots and 3 of the arthroscopic knots without post switching reached the ninth loading level. Furthermore, all square and modified Revo knots failed by suture breakage at the knot, whereas 8 arthroscopic knots without post switching and 5 SMC knots failed by slipping. In fact, 3 of the arthroscopic knots without post switching and 1 of the SMC knots failed during the initial cyclic loading from 10 to 40 N. The modified Revo knots reached 3 mm of permanent laxity at significantly higher load levels than the square knots tied with an open technique (96 N v 78 N, P <.005). The SMC knots reached 3 mm of permanent laxity at statistically similar load levels compared with the square knots, but showed considerably more variability. None of the arthroscopic knots without post switching survived the entire cyclic-loading protocol. Four square, 5 modified Revo, and 5 SMC knots that survived cyclic loading reached ultimate failure at statistically similar load levels (157, 156, and 152 N, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Post switching and loop reversal are key to arthroscopic knot security. Arthroscopic slip knots may be tighter at the time of knot construction than openly hand-tied square knots. The modified Revo knots appear to be as durable as openly hand-tied square knots regarding resistance to loosening under cyclic loading conditions. Security of arthroscopic knots without post switching is quite variable, making these knots less reliable. The SMC knot also proved not to be as reliable as the square and modified Revo knots when cyclically tested.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed2005

Unstable isolated SLAP lesion: clinical presentation and outcome of arthroscopic fixation.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and sensitivity of testing of unstable isolated SLAP (superior labrum anterior posterior) lesions and to evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic treatment. TYPE OF STUDY: Case series. METHODS: A retrospective review was made of 44 unstable SLAP lesions in 41 patients (40 male, 1 female) who did not have other pathologic shoulder findings. The mean follow-up period was 33 months (range, 25 to 67 months) and the mean age at the time of surgery was 24 years (range, 17 to 43 years). Twenty-six patients had an injury on the dominant shoulder and 3 had bilateral shoulder involvement. Arthroscopic fixation was performed with the use of a biodegradable tack (Suretac; Acufex, Mansfield, MA) in 14 cases, and with a screw-type metallic suture anchor (mini-Revo; Linvatec, Largo, FL) in 30 cases. RESULTS: Pain (100%) and clicking (57%) were the most common symptoms. The compression-rotation test was positive in 84% of the patients before surgery. The average UCLA score at the last follow-up was 32.3 points; 22 cases were graded excellent, 16 good, and 6 poor. Based on the postoperative performance data collected from 33 athletes, 25 of them (76%) were able to return to their athletic activities. Among them, throwing athletes showed statistically better performance than did nonthrowing athletes (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: Pain, followed by clicking, was the most common symptom, and the most common sign was a positive compression rotation test. Arthroscopic treatment of unstable isolated SLAP lesions resulted in good or excellent UCLA scores in 86% of the patients. Throwing athletes showed more satisfactory results than nonthrowing athletes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Type IV, case series with no, or historical, control group.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow.

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the overhead athlete's elbow has led the medical community to understand that the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow is more commonly injured than originally thought. Injury can result in secondary symptoms and problems in other regions of the elbow. Sports requiring an overhead motion, such as throwing a ball, hitting a ball overhead, or serving a tennis ball, imparts a valgus stress on the elbow that is resisted by the UCL. Throwing sidearm or hitting a forehand in tennis, squash, or racquetball may also impart a valgus stress to the elbow. Repeated or excessive valgus stress places a force on the UCL that may result in injury to the ligament. Injury to the UCL may result in problems in other areas of the elbow, including the ulnar nerve, the flexor-pronator musculotendinous unit, the radiocapitellar joint and the posterior compartment of the elbow, in addition to being a cause of loose bodies within the elbow. This article reviews the anatomy, biomechanics, and pathophysiology of injury to the UCL and injuries to the other structures that result from UCL injury. Also reviewed are patient history, examination techniques, tests that help confirm the diagnosis of UCL injury, and treatment of the injured UCL.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed2005

Increased movement accuracy and reduced EMG activity as the result of adopting an external focus of attention.

The performance and learning of motor skills has been shown to be enhanced if the performer adopts an external focus of attention (focus on the movement effect) compared to an internal focus (focus on the movements themselves) [G. Wulf, W. Prinz, Directing attention to movement effects enhances learning: a review, Psychon. Bull. Rev. 8 (2001) 648-660]. While most previous studies examining attentional focus effects have exclusively used performance outcome (e.g., accuracy) measures, in the present study electromyography (EMG) was used to determine neuromuscular correlates of external versus internal focus differences in movement outcome. Participants performed basketball free throws under both internal focus (wrist motion) and external focus (basket) conditions. EMG activity was recorded for m. flexor carpi radialis, m. biceps brachii, m. triceps triceps brachii, and m. deltoid of each participant's shooting arm. The results showed that free throw accuracy was greater when participants adopted an external compared to an internal focus. In addition, EMG activity of the biceps and triceps muscles was lower with an external relative to an internal focus. This suggests that an external focus of attention enhances movement economy, and presumably reduces "noise" in the motor system that hampers fine movement control and makes the outcome of the movement less reliable.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Burnt pregnant wives: a social stigma.

The incidence of burns in pregnant females is on the rise in villages in and around Aligarh. Hence, the study of such cases epidemiologically is of paramount importance to throw light on the exact nature of the incidents. This study was done on 1200 patients over a period of 5 years in JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh and data revealed 384 (32%) cases of burnt pregnant females who were in the age group of 19-35 years (median age = 27 years). Maximum number of deaths occurred in patients with a TBSA more than 50 and 70% burns. Period of amenorrhoea ranged from 1 to 8 months. Number of patients who expelled the dead foetus were 86. This study throws light on the bias against pregnant females, dowry factor and still further, female foeticide and oedipal dominance of mother in law over the grooms.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Rehabilitation of the thrower's elbow.

The elbow joint is frequently injured in the overhead athlete, due to the large amount of forces in throwing. Injuries often occur due to repetitive microtrauma, especially in pitching. Rehabilitation following injury or surgery is vital to fully restore normal elbow function and return the athlete to competition as quickly and safely as possible. Elbow rehabilitation must follow a progressive and sequential order to ensure that healing tissues have not been compromised. Emphasis is on restoring full motion, muscular strength, and neuromuscular control, and gradually applying loads to healing tissue. This article provides an overview of a multiphased rehabilitation program for the thrower's elbow. Rehabilitation for specific nonoperative and postoperative pathologies often observed in the throwing athlete is also discussed.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2004

Multiple time scales and subsystem embedding in the learning of juggling.

To gain insight into the multiform dynamics and integration of remote yet pertinent subsystems into the performance of complex perceptual-motor skills, we recently conducted a series of longitudinal and cross-sectional experiments on the acquisition of 3-ball cascade juggling in which we measured, next to the ball trajectories, postural sway, eye and head movements and respiration. The aim of the present paper is to review the main results and theoretical implications of these experimental studies for understanding skill acquisition. As regards the evolution of the quality of the juggling itself, we found that only certain aspects of throwing and catching were adjusted, while the goal behavior of sustained juggling (operationalized as the number of consecutive throws) and the degree of frequency and phase locking between the ball trajectories, indexing pattern stability, increased monotonically. The latter three aspects evolved at different rates, reflecting the existence of a temporal hierarchy in learning. Postural sway exhibited initial manifestations of task-specific, possibly mechanically induced, modes of 3:1 and 3:2 frequency locking with the ball trajectories and only few transitions between those modes. Functional stability appeared to be enhanced during practice by minimizing the sway amplitudes rather than by adjusting the sway dynamics itself. Eye and point-of-gaze movements also showed instances of 3:1 and 3:2 frequency locking with the ball trajectories; especially establishing a 3:1 locking (horizontal eye movements) appeared to be important. Expert behavior suggested that extended practice promotes reliance on multiple sources of information, allowing the proficient juggler to switch adaptively between functional organizations involving distinct perceptual systems. No consistent coordination between breathing and juggling was found. It was concluded that multiform dynamics, involving hierarchically ordered time scales, underlie the acquisition of complex skills and that the subsystems subserving realization of the task goal become assembled and embedded in a task- and subsystem-specific manner.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2005

Overt sentence production in event-related fMRI.

The use of syntactic structures on a sentence level is a unique human ability. Functional imaging studies have usually investigated syntax comprehension. However, language production may be performed by different neuronal resources. We have investigated syntax generation on a sentence level with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). BOLD contrast was measured while subjects articulated utterances aloud. In the active condition 'sentence generation' (SG), subjects had to produce subject verb object (SVO) sentences (e.g. "The child throws the ball") according to syntactically incomplete stimuli (e.g. "throw ball child") presented visually. In the control condition 'word reading' (WR), subjects had to read identical stimuli without completing the syntactic structure, while in a second control condition 'sentence reading' (SR), subjects had to read complete sentences. The semantic meaning of all expressions was obvious despite the syntactically incomplete structure in conditions SG and WR. In both contrasts, SG minus WR and SG minus SR, activation was mainly present in the left inferior frontal (BA 44/45) and medial frontal (BA 6) gyri, the superior parietal lobule (BA 7) and the right insula (BA 13). A region of interest analysis revealed significantly stronger left-dominant activation in BA 45 compared to BA 44. Our data illustrates the crucial involvement of the left BA 45 in syntactic encoding and is in line with more recent imaging and brain lesion data on syntax processing on a sentence level, emphasizing the involvement of a distributed left and right hemispheric network in syntax generation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Formation of a percolating cluster in films prepared by cathodic electrodeposition of a mixture of lower and higher molecular weight epoxy-amine adducts.

The electrodeposition behavior of blends of primary dispersions of a lower and a higher molecular weight epoxy-amine adduct has been investigated. The throwing power of the above-mentioned blends showed a voltage-dependent critical composition at which the throwing power dropped to a much lower value. This was assigned to the formation of an infinite conducting cluster, the extension of which is dependent on the rate of the electrocoagulation process at the cathode boundary. The random resistor network approach of Stauffer (RRNS) and the random resistor network approach of Miller and Abrahams (RRNMA) were applied to the experimental data with high correlations (r2=0.9314 and 0.9699). The percolating cluster formed within the film, however, gave a critical exponent of conductivity equal to 1.1028, much less than expected from a classical three-dimensional lattice (i.e., 1.5-2.0). This discrepancy was explained in terms of the changed behavior of the film resulting from the bubbles formed near the cathode and its effect on the infinite conducting cluster.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Hemostatic ligature for operative laparoscopy.

BACKGROUND: We introduce a safe and convenient method for ligature of vascular pedicles at laparoscopic surgery in which one laparoscopic and two auxillary ports are used. TECHNIQUE: The first two-turn wrap around the loop is made extracorporeally with the hand and is locked by an intracorporeal tie with manipulation of the target tissue. Knot typing is finished with the second and third nontension tie of one-turn throws. EXPERIENCE: We have used this method for laparoscopic surgery for more than 2.5 years and have not observed a failure or late hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Two-turn throw incomplete loop ligature is a useful and convenient technique for hemostasis in three-port pelviscopic operations.

Gynecologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1997

The 4-S modification of the Roeder knot: how to tie it.

BACKGROUND: The 4-S modification of the Roeder knot may be tied laparoscopically as a single-throw knot. TECHNIQUE: It is tied by adding a fourth wrap around the suture loop and securing the loop in place with a square knot rather than a single half-hitch. EXPERIENCE: We have used this knot in laparoscopic surgeries for more than 2 years and have not observed knot slippage. CONCLUSION: This modification results in a knot comparable in strength to the strongest laparoscopic multiple-throw square knots.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technical considerations in knot construction. Part I. Continuous percutaneous and dermal suture closure.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the security of the square knot tied with one looped end and one free end versus the security of the square knot tied with two free ends. Size 4/0 and size 6/0 monofilament nylon, polypropylene, and Biosyn sutures were selected for this evaluation. The mechanical performance of these sutures was judged according to knot breakage force and number of throws required to attain security. Knots with one looped end and one free end require more throws to ensure knot security than do knots constructed from two single suture strands of comparable sizes and types of sutures.

Caprolactam↗