SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “school functioning”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Physician familiarity with the educational programs of their special needs patients.

As part of an analysis of health care for children in special education programs, physician familiarity with the educational status and program enrollment of their disabled patients was examined. Telephone interviews were performed with a random sample of 411 of the children's physicians. The majority (70%) of the physicians interviewed professed no knowledge of their patients' current special educational program. Certain physician, child, and family characteristics were associated with physician awareness of the children's programs. These were physician specialty, physician gender, child's disability, and severity of the child's problem. This study suggests that, although some physicians of very involved patients do familiarize themselves with their patients' day-to-day school life, many other physicians are poorly informed about the school activities and functional status of their young patients with disabilities. Better mechanisms are needed to ensure physicians' understanding of these aspects of child health.

Affective Symptoms↗

PubMed1983

The auditory-visual integration test: intersensory or temporal-spatial?

Forty-two children, twenty-one boys and twenty-one girls, were tested at the beginning and end of grade one using Birch's auditory-visual integration test (AVIT) and a parallel visual-visual integration test (VVIT). Reading tests were administered at the end of grade one. No significant differences between the means of the two integration tests were observed at the beginning of the year. A differential development of the AVIT and the VVIT resulted in a significant difference between the means at the end of the year when a common variance of 58% was observed between the two tests. At the conclusion of the school year each function correlated significantly with reading (decoding), with the correlation between AVIT and reading being significantly larger than the correlation between VVIT and reading. Implications for the optometric treatment of children with learning disabilities are discussed.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of anxiolytics in children.

Anxiety disorders are among the most frequent of childhood psychiatric disorders. These disorders can persist from childhood and adolescence into adulthood, resulting in impaired functioning at home, school or work. Some anxiety disorders like generalized or separation anxiety are acute requiring urgent, short-term treatment. Others like fears or inhibitions are chronic resulting in longterm handicaps. Other psychiatric disorders may be concurrent with, or misdiagnosed as, anxiety disorder. Anxiety can be associated with mood or behavioral disorders. When anxiety is symptomatic of another disorder, the primary disorder should be treated first. The pharmacology of childhood anxiety has been hindered by the lack of reliable quantitative evaluations, and the changes in the manifestations of anxiety. Various types of drugs have been used to treat anxiety and related disorders. The use of different drugs is reviewed. The results of a controlled clinical trial with alprazolam and two trials with buspirone in the treatment of child and adolescent anxiety are presented. While these results are promising, further clinical trials are a priority.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Healthy choice of occupation for juveniles in the textile and clothing industry in light of preventive examinations].

Choice of profession in line with natural liking or aptitude for a certain type of work and physical fitness is considered as a proper one. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of pre-placement examinations of juvenile leaving primary schools. The study covered: (1) 210 students of textile and clothing schools; (2) 70 students from special care classes of the textile school; and (3) 312 graduates from primary schools applying for admission to textile and clothing schools. The study was carried out at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland. The reported subjective symptoms were usually limited to the headache (27%). The most prevalent abnormalities were visual organ impairments. Within the group of special care students from the textile school, scoliosis and functional disturbances of the nervous system were detected. The study revealed that both the range of pre-placement examinations of juvenile and the recognition of the criteria for certifying work capability are inadequate.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Bipolar and antisocial disorders among relatives of ADHD children: parsing familial subtypes of illness.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a familial disorder that is highly comorbid with conduct disorder and sometimes co-occurs with bipolar disorder. This pattern of comorbidity is also seen among relatives of ADHD probands. A growing literature suggests that ADHD with antisocial comorbidity may be nosologically distinct from other forms of ADHD. A similar pattern has been observed for ADHD and bipolar disorder. Given these results, along with the observed comorbidity between conduct and bipolar disorders, we used data from our study of 140 ADHD and 120 control families to determine if conduct and bipolar disorders in ADHD boys should be considered alternative manifestations of the same familial disorder. The probands and their relatives were examined with DSM-III-R structured diagnostic interviews and were assessed for cognitive, achievement, social, school, and family functioning. Our results provide fairly consistent support for the hypothesis that antisocial- and bipolar-ADHD subtypes are different manifestations of the same familial condition. As predicted by this hypothesis, there was a significant three-way association between variables assessing the family history of each disorder. Moreover, when families were stratified into bipolar, antisocial, and other types, few differences emerged between the bipolar and antisocial families.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Psychosocial functioning of youth receiving mental health services in the schools versus community mental health centers.

Evaluated psychosocial differences between youth receiving mental health services in Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs; n = 79) as compared to youth receiving services from a program operating in 10 Baltimore schools (n = 186). Racial and gender differences were shown, with more African American youth and females in the School than CMHC sample. Multivariate analyses that controlled for these racial and gender differences failed to reveal significant effects, indicating comparable functioning on measures of life stress, violence exposure, family support, self-concept, and emotional/behavioral problems for youth from the two samples. However, particularly for those with internalizing disturbances, youth in the School sample were less likely to have received prior mental health services than youth from the CMHCs. Findings support the conclusion that school-based mental health programs are reaching youth who need mental health services, who otherwise may not receive them.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Addiction prevention programs in schools and welfare-educational institutions].

Results of research on the functioning of addictions prevention at schools, as well as in welfare-educational institutions have been presented in the study. The survey covered 861 teachers and form tutors from institutions situated all over Poland. The results of studied documents have been also used in the analyses. During last years, systematic growth of social pathology among groups of children and school children has been observed. Pathologies of family life are considered to be the main reason. 79.2% of those participating in the survey bear it out. Negative influence of violence in programmes presented in mass media appears to be another reason (23.7%). As many as 68.1% of being surveyed point to other causes: among them demoralizing influence of a place of residence, acquaintances, lack of possibilities to spend leisure time. A huge role in averting the social pathology growth is attributed to prevention, also to prevention carried out at schools. 35.7% of those under the survey think that prevention is carried out at Polish schools. However, its efficiency is low because it is done on irregular basis, mainly during so called weekly class meetings. In practice, programme contents included in different subjects are used to the limited extent during prevention actions. Thus, there appears an urgent need to promote prevention programmes designed by central, provincial and council institutions, as well as schools.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Mental and somatic health and social adjustment in ordinary school children during childhood and adolescence related to central nervous functions as expressed by a complex reaction time.

A cohort of ordinary Swedish children were followed up from school entry through childhood and adolescence and checked retrospectively from birth to the age of 6 years regarding psychiatric and physical health and contact with the social welfare authorities. The children were allocated to different risk groups at age 7 on the basis of their psycho-physical development expressed as complex reaction time (CRT). It was previously shown that many of the slow CRT children have problems in psychomotor and language development at school, and that many leave compulsory school with poor achievements in Swedish and gymnastics as continuing signs of their developmental delay. This study shows that slow CRT children have an increased prevalence of child psychiatric problems. At an early age there were symptoms of aggression, hyperactivity and withdrawal in conjunction with developmental delay. During adolescence, depression, maladjustment and psycho-somatic disorders were prominent features, often in association with developmental delay, dyslexia and poor motoric skill. These children could have a disadvantage at school and in society and they felt themselves "handicapped" and were stressed by feelings of limited future possibilities. In adolescence, many of them were in need of help, especially financial aid from the social welfare services. The findings stress that a slow cognitive processing ability seen as a slow CRT must be considered a handicap of importance and a risk-factor in the society of today, with primary or secondary psychic and social manifestations often in a multifactorial setting of biological co-morbidity and family problems. In contrast, an advanced CNS development with a fast CRT may be seen as a protective factor.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

School-age and adolescent children's perceptions of family functioning in neglectful and non-neglectful families.

OBJECTIVE: Examined the question, do neglected children's perceptions of their own family's functioning acknowledge the differences that exist between neglectful and non-neglectful families? METHOD: An inter-rater consistency design was used; child and caseworker reports of family functioning in neglectful (n = 33) and non-neglectful families (n = 34) were compared. RESULTS: After establishing significant differences between the socioemotional and physical environment provided by neglectful and non-neglectful families, the results indicated that children from neglectful families perceived a higher level of quality in family functioning that was not reported by caseworkers or supported by other measures. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for designing effective interventions for school-age and adolescent children from neglectful families are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Impact of insomnia on future functioning of adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of insomnia among adolescents on somatic, interpersonal, and psychological functioning using data from a two-wave, prospective study. METHODS: Subjects were adolescents 11-17 years of age sampled from managed care enrollment rosters in the United States. The baseline sample was 4175 and the follow-up sample a year later was 3136. Data were collected using computer-assisted personal interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Insomnia was measured using DSM-IV symptom criteria, scored as a summated scale and as separate symptoms. Indicators of somatic functioning were perceived health, limitations due to health problems, and impact of illness on family activities. Indicators of interpersonal functioning were social support, relations with parents, relations with peers and relations at school. Indicators of psychological functioning were self-esteem, perceived mental health, life satisfaction, and depression. RESULTS: Symptoms of insomnia were common, with 17% reporting nonrestorative sleep, 6% difficulty initiating sleep, 7% daytime fatigue, and 5% daytime sleepiness almost every day. Without adjustment for insomnia at follow-up, the odds of dysfunction at follow-up for those with insomnia averaged 2.5 across 11 indicators of functioning. For 9 of 11 indicators, there was a clear dose-response relation such that moderate levels of insomnia increased risk and this risk increased with greater insomnia. Adjusting for insomnia at follow-up eliminated the association with somatic functioning and attenuated associations with interpersonal and psychological functioning. DISCUSSION: These prospective data provide additional evidence that insomnia can have adverse consequences for the functioning of adolescents. Given the growing evidence for a relation between disturbed sleep and impaired adolescent functioning, more attention needs to be directed to identifying causal pathways and possible strategies for intervention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Quality of life assessments in clinical practice].

The main objective of a publicly funded health care is to improve the health of the population as much as possible, and to reduce inequalities in health within that population. The traditional medical approach is essential, however there are increasingly demanding explanations as to how the medical care provides health, these explanations must encompass more than laboratory results and clinical opinions. Quality of life represents the functional effect of an illness and consequent therapy upon a patients predicted by the patient, provides information about the physical and social functioning and mental well-being. Chronic diseases are the perfect objectives of quality of life evaluation, since in chronically ill patients the long term health outcomes are the most important as opposed to the short term improvements. The quality of life of these patients in impaired at several points, such as the disease has an impact on psychological functioning, impact on work (school) and every-day life, impact on family life, impact on social functioning and impact on the economical status of the patients. In practice we have a wide variety of potentially efficient heath care activities, drugs that provide an improved clinical status. The core problem is whether the physician and the patient have the same rating for one particular health state. The results of quality of life assessments suggest that, however we have objective and reliable tests to assess the patients health state we can not predict how patients are feeling as a result of an intervention. As assessment of a patients quality of life provides important complementary information and should be measured together with the conventional clinical indices in the everyday clinical practice.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1999

Biochemical hypothyroidism secondary to iodine deficiency is associated with poor school achievement and cognition in Bangladeshi children.

Iodine deficiency in pregnancy leads to poor cognitive function in the offspring; however, the effect of concurrent iodine deficiency on school-aged children is not clear. Several studies have shown that school children in iodine-deficient villages have poorer cognitive function than children in iodine-sufficient villages. However, villages differ in many factors that may also detrimentally affect children's development. In addition, the children's nutritional and health status has not usually been taken into account. In this study, we compared the cognitive function and school achievement levels of 170 children who had recently had low thyroxine (T4) levels [T4 </= 45 nmol/L (hypothyroid)] with children who had not had low T4 levels [T4 >/=70 nmol/L (euthyroid)]. The children were matched for school and grade level and came from the same iodine-deficient regions in rural Bangladesh. They were given a battery of cognitive, motor and school achievement tests. We also measured their nutritional status, examined their stools for geohelminths and assessed their home environments. A factor analysis of cognitive and motor function tests yielded two factors, a general cognitive factor and a fine motor factor. The children's height and arm circumference, experience of hunger, parental characteristics and stimulation in the home made independent contributions to their test scores. Controlling for these variables, the hypothyroid children performed worse than the euthyroid children on reading and spelling and the general cognitive factor. These findings indicate that a large number of disadvantages including hypothyroidism are related to the poor development of these children.

Achievement↗

PubMed1999

[Primary treatment of clubfoot].

Our primary club foot therapy consists of a combination of plaster cast manipulation, physiotherapy and surgical correction. The initial plaster cast method of 4 to 6 weeks is followed by a functional mobilisation of the foot. The main aim being the reduction of the malpositioned talus in the ankle mortise. If there is residual deformity surgery is planned after six month. We use the Cincinnati approach with the possibility of the dorsal, medial and lateral release, enabling a correction of the hind-, mid- and forefoot. The main part of postoperative care is seen in the functional rehabilitation of the foot by physiotherapy, in order to achieve a cosmetic foot with good functions. Physiotherapy is advised until the child enters school in order to preserve function and form into adult life. A high frequency of satisfactory results can be expected using this protocol.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Psychosocial adjustment and the role of functional status for children with asthma.

This study examined the psychosocial adjustment of children with asthma compared to children with diabetes, with cancer, and healthy children and the role of functional status in psychosocial adjustment. The total sample included 100 children, aged 8-16 years, (mean = 11.5 years), consisting of 48 boys and 52 girls. Children with asthma scored significantly higher on measures of affective adjustment (depression and internalizing behavior), significantly lower on self-esteem, and evidenced significantly greater functional impairment. Children with cancer missed significantly more school days. After controlling for functional status, no significant differences remained in affective adjustment but absences remained significantly higher for the children with cancer.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1994

The relations between emotional understanding, intellectual functioning, and disruptive behavior problems in elementary-school-aged children.

This study examined individual differences in children's emotional understanding and behavioral adjustment. Participants included 220 first- and second-grade children (75% regular education, 25% special education) who were individually interviewed using the Kusche Affective Interview--Revised. Dependent measures of emotional understanding and experience included the ability to provide personal examples of 10 different emotions and the cues used for recognition of five emotions in oneself and other persons. Children were also administered the WISC-R Vocabulary, Block Design, and Coding subtests. One parent independently completed an Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist for each child. Results indicated that children who were rated as higher in behavior problems showed deficits in emotional understanding. Intellectual functioning was negatively associated with behavior problems and attenuated the effects of behavior problems on emotional understanding. Implications of the current findings for prevention and treatment programs for children with behavior problems are discussed.

Awareness↗

PubMed2004

[The structural and functional status of the immune system in pre-school children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

Sixty children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT), aged 3 to 5 years were followed up in the period before specific chemotherapy. The studies established structural and functional changed in the immune system in young MBT-infected children. Moreover, the disorders found in immune homeostasis were of combined nature. This circumstance should be taken into account in elaborating immune rehabilitative programs for this group of patients.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1994

Results of endoscopic sinus surgery in pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis and asthma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery in pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis and asthma. SETTING: Patients were selected from the tertiary care practice of a pediatric pulmonologist (R.S.) and immunologist (R.L.W.); all underwent sinus surgery at Children's Medical Center at Dallas (Tex). PATIENTS: Fourteen pediatric patients aged 3.5 to 13 years with severe asthma requiring at least intermittent systemic steroid therapy. All patients had a history of sinusitis aggravating asthma and all had computed tomographic evidence of chronic sinus disease. INTERVENTION: All patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery consisting of bilateral total ethmoidectomies and middle meatus antrostomies at a minimum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The period 12 months prior to surgery was compared with 12 months postoperatively with regard to total hospitalization days for asthma treatment, number of school days missed, pulmonary function test results, and systemic glucocorticoid medication requirements. Symptom scores for asthma and sinusitis were assessed via parental questionnaire both preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: No significant difference was found for pulmonary function test results. Eleven of 14 patients demonstrated a significant reduction in hospitalization and school days missed. Twelve of 14 patients experienced a reduction in glucocorticoid requirements. Eleven of 14 and 13 of 14 patients experienced a significant improvement in asthma and sinusitis symptom scores. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery was effective in reducing sinusitis and improving the overall management of asthma in a majority of study patients.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed2001

Measuring outcomes of care for adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems.

OBJECTIVES: To validate the prototype Adolescent Treatment Outcomes Module (ATOM), examine its sensitivity to clinical change, and determine its feasibility for administration in routine clinical settings. METHOD: A sample of 67 adolescents, aged 11 through 18, was selected from new patients at two inpatient and two outpatient mental health programs. Adolescents and parents completed the ATOM and validating instruments at intake, 1 week postintake, and again at 6 months. RESULTS: Nine self-report symptoms predicted positive diagnoses of oppositional defiant, conduct, anxiety, and depressive disorders on the basis of structured diagnoses, with sensitivities of 0.7 to 0.8. Test-retest correlations for outcome scales were largely excellent (>0.70). Scales that measured functioning at home, in school, and in the community were moderately correlated in the expected direction with global functioning. Decreases in symptom severity and functional impairment were generally associated with decreases in validating instruments. Administration time averaged 25 minutes for adolescents and 28 minutes for parents. CONCLUSIONS: Both parents and adolescents readily completed the ATOM. Module scales demonstrated excellent reliability and good to fair concurrent validity. The ATOM was able to detect change and its absence.

Activities of Daily Living↗