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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Detection of anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies in sera from patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis].

OBJECTIVE: To detect anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies in sera from patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and investigate its clinical significance. METHODS: The sera were studied from 46 patients with renal biopsy proven TIN. The normal human renal cortex was obtained from patients with nephroectomy, far from carcinoma. Tubules were isolated by a differential sieving technique. The fragments of renal epithelia were removed from tubular basement membrane enriched materials by sonication and centrifugation. Tubular basement membrane antigens were solubilized with 6 mol/L guanidine-HCl. The soluble proteins were used as antigens in Western blot analysis to detect autoantibodies in sera from patients with TIN. The clinical characteristics of positive and negative patients were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis had anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies by Western blot analysis, and seven protein bands could be blotted by the TIN sera. The positive prevalence of anti-55x10(3) antibody (63.8%) was higher than that of other antibodies. Eight of 27 (29.6%) patients with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and four of 19 (21.1%) patients with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis had anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies. ESR,serum IgG and IgM in patients with acute TIN with positive anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies were higher than those of the negative group. There was no significant difference in the other clinical variables such as gender,age,hemoglobin,complement C3,serum IgA,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance in patients with acute TIN between the positive and negative groups. There was no significant difference in clinical variables mentioned above in patients with chronic TIN between the positive and negative groups. CONCLUSION: Circulating anti tubular basement membrane antibodies could be detected in sera from some patients with TIN, and autoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of TIN.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Detection of duplications or deletions of the PMP22 gene using real-time quantitative PCR].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the duplication or deletion of peripheral myelin protein 22(PMP22) gene in Chinese patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease(CMT) or hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies(HNPP) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. METHODS: Duplications or deletions of PMP22 gene were detected in 113 CMT cases, 4 HNPP cases and 50 normal controls by using real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Thirty-six of 113 CMT cases had the PMP22 duplication, 4 HNPP cases had the PMP22 deletion. No duplication or deletion was found in 50 normal controls. CONCLUSION: The PMP22 duplication rate in Chinese patients with CMT is 31.9%(36/113). PMP22 deletion is the common cause of HNPP.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease with digital imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The study goal was to assess the use of digital laryngeal videostroboscopy (LVS) in the detection of objective improvement of the larynx after 6 weeks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and to evaluate a clinical grading scale for findings of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a prospective analysis of digital LVS examinations from a tertiary referral center for laryngology by 3 independent blinded examiners. RESULTS: The mean score on the Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Index for experimental patients was significantly higher than that for control patients (9.50 versus 2.92, P < 0.001), and posttreatment scores were significantly lower than pretreatment scores (7.35 versus 9.50, P < 0.001). Useful items on the grading scale for assessing the presence of LPRD and improvement in LPRD included supraglottic edema and erythema, glottic edema and erythema, and subglottic edema and erythema. Nonuseful items included the presence of pachydermia, granulomas, nodules, leukoplakia, and polyps. CONCLUSION: Objective improvement of signs of LPRD can be detected after 6 weeks of PPI therapy using digital LVS. The Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Index is a useful valid clinical tool for following treatment response to PPI therapy.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed2004

Inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic description of the extent and frequency of acute spinal changes using magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to detect inflammation in the spine of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). OBJECTIVES: To detect differentially the presence and extent of inflammation in the three spinal segments of patients with AS by MRI. METHODS: In 38 patients with active AS, acute spinal lesions were assessed by T(1) weighted, gadolinium enhanced, spin echo MRI (T(1)/Gd-DTPA) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. MRI was quantified by the validated scoring system ASspiMRI-a. Acute spinal lesions were detected in the whole spine and in each spinal segment. One vertebral unit (VU) was defined as the region between two virtual lines drawn through the middle of each vertebral body. RESULTS: A greater number of inflammatory spinal lesions were found by the STIR sequence than by Gd-DTPA: inflammation was present in 30.6% of the VUs as assessed by STIR, compared with 26.8% of the same VUs assessed by T(1)/Gd-DTPA. Inflammation was found more commonly in the thoracic spine (TS) than in the cervical (CS) or the lumbar spine (LS) with both techniques. When STIR was used, spinal inflammation in the CS, the TS, and LS was detected in 10/38 (26%), 28/38 (74%), and 9/38 (24%) patients, respectively. The VU T7/8 was found to be the VU most often affected by both techniques (27.8% by T(1)/Gd-DTPA and 34.5% by STIR). CONCLUSIONS: Spinal inflammation is a common manifestation in patients with AS, and appears more frequently in the TS. The scoring system ASspiMRI-a can be used for evaluation of acute spinal changes in AS.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Threshold perception performance with computed and screen-film radiography: implications for chest radiography.

Images of a phantom obtained with computed radiography and standard screen-film imaging were compared to evaluate observer threshold perception performance with a modified contrast-detail technique. Optimum exposure necessary for performance with the imaging plate technique to match that with screen-film techniques was determined, as was comparative performance with variation in kilovoltages, plate type, spatial enhancement, and hard-copy interpolation method. It was found that computed radiography necessitates about 75%-100% more exposure than screen-film radiography to optimally match performance with Ortho-C film with Lanex regular or medium screens (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY) for detection of objects 0.05-2.0 cm in diameter. However, only minimal loss of detection performance (approximately 10% overall) was experienced if standard screen-film exposures were used with computed radiography. Little change in observer performance was found with variation in plate type, spatial enhancement, or method of hard-copy interpolation. However, perception performance with computed radiographic images was better at lower kilovoltages.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Sensitivity of Vibrio and Aeromonas to antibiotics].

The antibiotic sensitivity of 696 cultures belonging to the family Vibrionaceae (V. cholerae O1, V. cholerae non-O1, V. albensis, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas spp.) was studied and general regularities of the antibiotic sensitivity were shown: a high sensitivity to broad-spectrum antibiotics (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) and a low sensitivity to ++beta lactams (carbenicillin and ampicillin). The comparative examinations revealed similarity in the antibioticograms of V. cholerae O1 (el Tor++), V. cholerae non-O1 and V. albensis, especially the latter two groups, as well as the tested halophilic Vibrio cultures by the range of the MICs, Mo, Me and the nature of the antibiotic resistance. Cultures of V. cholerae and luminescent Vibrio tended to preserve a high sensitivity. High resistance levels were noted in the halophilic Vibrio and Aeromonas cultures. No significant differences in the sensitivity of the strains of various origin (from man and environmental objects) were detected. However, several more resistant strains were isolated from the environmental objects.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed2004

Automatic detection of calcifications in the aorta from CT scans of the abdomen. 3D computer-aided diagnosis.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Automated detection and quantification of arterial calcifications can facilitate epidemiologic research and, eventually, the use of full-body calcium scoring in clinical practice. An automatic computerized method to detect calcifications in CT scans is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty abdominal CT scans have been randomly selected from clinical practice. They all contained contrast material and belonged to one of four categories: containing "no," "small," "moderate," or "large" amounts of arterial calcification. There were ten scans in each category. The experiments were restricted to the vertical range from the point where the superior mesenteric artery branches off of the descending aorta until the first bifurcation of the iliac arteries. The automatic method starts by extracting all connected objects above 220 Hounsfield units (HU) from the scan. These objects include all calcifications, as well as bony structures and contrast material. To distinguish calcifications from non-calcifications, a number of features are calculated for each object. These features are based on the object's size, location, shape characteristics, and surrounding structures. Subsequently a classification of each object is performed in two stages. First the probability that an object represents a calcification is computed assuming a multivariate Gaussian distribution for the calcifications. Objects with low probability are discarded. The remaining objects are then classified into calcifications and non-calcifications using a 5-nearest-neighbor classifier and sequential forward feature selection. Based on the total volume of calcifications determined by the system, the scan is assigned to one of the four categories mentioned above. RESULTS: The 40 scans contained a total of 249 calcifications as determined by a human observer. The method detected 209 calcifications (sensitivity 83.9%) at the expense of on average 1.0 false-positive object per scan. The correct category label was assigned to 30 scans and only 2 scans were off by more than one category. Most incorrect classifications can be attributed to the presence of contrast material in the scans. CONCLUSION: It is possible to identify the majority of arterial calcifications in abdominal CT scans in a completely automatic fashion with few false positive objects, even if the scans contain contrast material.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed2003

A study to detect Helicobacter pylori in fresh and archival specimens from patients with interstitial cystitis, using amplification methods.

OBJECTIVES: To detect Helicobacter pylori DNA in fresh and paraffin-embedded bladder biopsy specimens, and thus determine any possible role in interstitial cystitis (IC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three bladder biopsy samples were examined from patients with IC (29 paraffin-embedded and four freshly frozen) diagnosed according to National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease criteria. The positive control was a gastric biopsy sample from a patient with a known gastric ulcer caused by H. pylori infection. RESULTS: The anticipated polymerase chain reaction product size of 109 base pairs was obtained with the positive control, whereas none of the other biopsy samples (paraffin embedded or fresh) showed positive amplification specific for H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS: As there was no H. pylori DNA in any of the samples from patients with IC, it is an unlikely candidate in the pathogenesis of IC.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2002

Detection of pepsin and glucose in tracheal secretions as indicators of aspiration in mechanically ventilated children.

OBJECTIVES: The detection of glucose in tracheal secretions has been used as an indicator of aspiration in mechanically ventilated, tube-fed children. Pepsin detection may be a more specific indicator. We determined the frequency of pepsin and glucose detection in tracheal secretions of mechanically ventilated children and studied the relationships between tracheal secretion pepsin and glucose and clinical evidence of gastroesophageal reflux. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PATIENTS: A convenience sample of mechanically ventilated children. INTERVENTIONS: Tracheal secretions were collected at the time of routine endotracheal tube suctioning. Tracheal aspirate glucose concentrations were assessed by using glucose oxidase reagent strips. Tracheal aspirate pepsin was detected by laboratory immunoassay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One hundred tracheal aspirates were collected from 37 children. Pepsin (>or=1 microg/mL) was detected in nine aspirates, and glucose (>or=20 mg/dL) was detected in 59 aspirates. Overall, five (13.5%) patients had at least one pepsin-positive aspirate, and 33 (89%) had at least one glucose-positive aspirate. Patients with at least one pepsin-positive aspirate were more likely to have clinical evidence of gastroesophageal reflux than patients with pepsin-negative aspirates (5 of 5 vs. 9 of 32, p <.01, Fisher's exact test). Tracheal aspirate glucose positivity was unrelated to the administration of tube feedings and gastroesophageal reflux. No relationship between pepsin and glucose positivity was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Pepsin is detectable in tracheal secretions of mechanically ventilated children at risk for aspiration. Elevated glucose concentrations in tracheal secretions can occur by mechanisms other than aspiration of glucose-rich formula. Pepsin may be a more specific marker for aspiration than glucose.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Detection of serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus in 'false-seronegative' blood donors in Oman.

OBJECTIVE: To detect hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in seronegative donors by disruption of the immune complexes (ICs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: HCV antibody detection was carried out on 600 seronegative donors following an IC dissociation assay. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then performed on the positive results. RESULTS: Nine of the 600 samples (1.5%) were positive for IC-dissociated HCV antibodies. Of the 9 only 3 antibody-positive samples had detectable HCV RNA. CONCLUSION: Screening for antibodies to HCV in combination with PCR appears to be the safest way to reduce the residual risk of HCV in blood transfusion.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed2004

Cooling detection thresholds in the assessment of diabetic sensory polyneuropathy: comparison of CASE IV and Medoc instruments.

OBJECTIVE: Cooling detection threshold testing may be an important quantitative method for assessing polyneuropathy, in that it has traditionally been viewed as a measure of small-fiber involvement. The present study sought to determine the agreement between two common testing devices and to determine whether these are concordant in their association with predictor variables for diabetic sensory polyneuropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 83 patients with diabetes (10 patients with type 1 diabetes and 73 patients with type 2 diabetes) and a wide spectrum of diabetic sensory polyneuropathy severity underwent concurrent cooling detection threshold testing using the Medoc and CASE IV instruments. Common predictor variables for diabetic sensory polyneuropathy were measured on the same day. RESULTS: Measurements of cooling detection thresholds by both instruments were highly correlated (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.81, P < 0.001) and demonstrated a high degree of agreement by the method of Bland and Altman (95% distribution critical values for the difference in cooling detection thresholds, +7.5 and -5.6 degrees C). Cooling detection thresholds by both instruments were strongly correlated with clinical indicators of large-fiber neuropathy but not with the symptoms of small-fiber neuropathy (pain). CONCLUSIONS: These two instruments available for assessment of cooling detection thresholds are interchangeable for research in diabetic sensory polyneuropathy. However, this modality is equivalent to other modalities of quantitative sensory threshold testing in its association with indicators of large-fiber neuropathy and does not seem to provide an advantage for the prediction of small-fiber involvement.

Diabetic Neuropathies↗
PubMed1998

[The detection of breast carcinoma micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction].

OBJECTIVE: To detect tumor micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes of breast carcinoma so as to obtain more reliable information about nodes status and its clinical significance. METHOD: The expression of CK19 mRNA was measured in 61 axillary lymph nodes (LNs) of 15 breast carcinomas by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT: CK19 mRNA expression was detected in all 15 breast carcinomas, but not in 5 control LNs. Of 61 axillary LNs analysed by HE staining and CK19 RT-PCR, 7 LNs were found to have metastases by histological staining and CK19 RT-PCR. Of the remaining 54 axillary nodes, 12 were found to have metastases by using CK19 RT-PCR method. CONCLUSION: The CK19 RT-PCR method is more sensitive than histological study for the detection of micrometastases in LNs (P < 0.01). This new method is of value in differentiating breast cancer patients at high risk for relapse from those with negative lymph node.

Axilla↗
PubMed2001

[Detection of coxsackie virus B3 gene in myocardium and spleen samples in myocarditis with sudden death].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the Coxsackie virus B3(CVB3) gene in myocardium and spleen tissues in viral myocarditis(VMC) with sudden death and to explore the diagnostic method for VMC by means of seeking pathogene. METHODS: By in situ RT-PCR, the detection of CVB3 gene in myocardium and spleen sections were performed in sudden death group caused by VMC and non-cardiac death group. RESULTS: In VMC group, CVB3 gene-positive signals were seen in myocardium sections(3 out of total 8 cases, No. 1, 4, 7 cases) and spleen sections(4 out of total 8 cases, No. 2, 4, 6, 7 cases). In non-cardiac death group, no positive signals were detected in both myocardium and spleen tissues. CONCLUSION: Positive detection of CVB3 gene in both myocardium and spleen maybe an important character of VMC and can improve the detecting pathogene in diagnosing VMC.

Death, Sudden↗
PubMed2001

[Detection of serum type IV collagen and the alteration of this collagen in various liver diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To detect serum Type IV collagen levels in patients with various hepatic diseases. METHOD: A sandwich enzyme-immunoassay, using two monoclonal antibodies to recognize 7S and TH of Type IV collage, was used to detect serum levels of Type IV collagen in 428 patients with various liver diseases. RESULTS: Serum levels of Type IV collagen in healthy control subjects were (63.2 +/- 31.9) microgram.L-1. Type IV collagen levels in the serum of patients with heavy hepatitis were the highest [(801.8 +/- 431.2) microgram.L-1]. All Types of hepatic diseases were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects (All P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The assay used in this study is simple and practical and can be applied to clinical evaluation of hepatic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Detection of sexual hormone in semen of patients with idiopathic azoospermia or oligospermia and its significance].

OBJECTIVES: To detect the sexual hormone level in semen of patients with idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia, and further analyze the relationship between sexual hormone and idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia. METHODS: 50 male patients with idiopathic azoospermia, 50 in idiopathic oligospermia and 50 male controls with normal sperm density were selected. The sperm density and sexual hormone in semen were detected respectively by routine semen analysis and chemical luminescence technique. RESULTS: The values of LH were (5.19 +/- 0.67) IU/L and (4.77 +/- 0.68) IU/L, and those of FSH were (1.90 +/- 0.79) IU/L and (2.27 +/- 0.25) IU/L in idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia respectively, and the values of LH and FSH were (2.19 +/- 0.22) IU/L and (1.61 +/- 0.14) IU/L in normal control group respectively. There were significant differences in the values of LH and FSH between idiopathic azoospermia and normal control group(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The values of PRL were (6.25 +/- 0.51) ng/ml and (6.33 +/- 0.34) ng/ml, and those of T were (1.51 +/- 0.12) ng/ml and (1.68 +/- 0.71) ng/ml in idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia respectively, and the values of PRL and T were (6.36 +/- 0.32) ng/ml and (1.83 +/- 0.09) ng/ml in normal control group respectively. There were no significant difference in the values of PRL between idiopathic azoospermia, oligospermia and normal control group, but there were significant differences of T between idiopathic azoospermia and normal control. Compared with 0.84 +/- 0.20 in normal control, the values of T/LH were 0.35 +/- 0.09 and 0.29 +/- 0.04 in idiopathic oligospermia and azoospermia respectively and there were significant differences(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The changes of LH, FSH and T values may be one of the reasons that cause the dysfunction of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation in patients with idiopathic azoospermia and oligospermia. The study of semen hormone may lead to new strategies in the treatment to azoospermia and oligospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Detection of mutation in exon 5 and exon 8 of PTEN in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To detect mutations of exon 5 and exon 8 of phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome10/mutated in multiple advanced cancer1/TGF-beta regulated and epithelial cell-enriched phosphatase (PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 for short PTEN) gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and analyze the relationship between the mutation and LSCC. METHODS: Fresh tumor samples from 40 LSCC patients were examined using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: The mutation of exon 5 and exon 8 occurred in supra-glottic laryngeal carcinoma and no mutation in the glottic laryngeal carcinoma was found. There were 6 cases of mutation for exon 5, and the mutation rate was 15%. In 2 cases, 1 base pair insertion TT-->TAT in codon 85, while in other two cases, 1 base pair deletion GCA-->GC in codon 86, and the two type mutation may result in frame shift mutation. One case had the above two type mutation simultaneously, which may result in missense mutation; 1 case had 1 base pair insertion TT-->TAT in 85 codon and 1 base pair deletion GCA-->GA, which may result in nonsense mutation. The pathology of 3/6 (50%) cases was low differentiation, and the others (3/6, 50%) were middle differentiation. Five cases had lymphatic metastasis, and the rate of which was 83.3%; the other one had no lymphatic metastasis, and the rate of which was 16.7%. There was only 1 case mutation for exon 8, and the mutation rate was 2.5%. One base pair deletion AAA-->AA in 276 codon as well as 1 base pair insertion CT-->CCT between the 336 codon and 337 codon may result in frame shift mutation. The pathology of the case was low differentiation. CONCLUSION: The codon 85,86 of PTEN gene in exon 5 may be "hot spots" in LSCC and the mutation of PTEN gene may be related with the lymphatic metastasis and middle or low differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Detection of free testosterone in the serum and semen of idiopathic oligospermia patients and its significance].

OBJECTIVE: To detect free testosterone (FT) in the serum and semen of patients with idiopathic oligospermia, and further analyze the relationship between FT and idiopathic oligospermia. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from the males of a normal control group (n = 44) and an idiopathic oligospermia group (n = 44) at 8:00-10:00 a.m.. Semen samples were collected from the males of a normal control group (n = 30) and an idiopathic oligospermia group (n = 37) at the same time. Sperm density was detected by routine semen analysis, and FT in the serum and semen was detected by RIA. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the serum concentrations of FT between the groups of normal control [(97.50 +/- 46.96) pmol/L] and idiopathic oligospermia [(94.88 +/- 42.04) pmol/L], P > 0.5. But the difference was significant in the semen concentrations of FT between the groups of normal control [(2.01 +/- 0.32) pmol/L] and idiopathic oligospermia [(0.52 +/- 0.44) pmol/L], P < 0.01. CONCLUSION: Measurement of semen FT concentration could early reflect the function of the testis, which contributes to the early diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic oligospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Detection of chromosome aberrations in Chinese children with autism using G-banding and BAC FISH.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the characteristic chromosomal changes in Chinese children with infantile autism. METHODS: Chromosome aberrations in 68 cases of infantile autism were analyzed by high-resolution G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. RESULTS: Chromosomal changes were detected in 4 cases by high-resolution G-banding: one case with t(4;6)(q23-24;p21), one case with longer p arm of chromosome 21 (21p+), and two cases with pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv(9)) which was confirmed by C-banding. BAC FISH analysis was performed to confirm these observations and changes in chromosomes 2, 7 and 15, which are often found in autistic children. There could exist the translocation of t(4;6) (q25-26;p21.1). Chromosome changes often reported previously in chromosomes 2, 7 and 15 were not detected in this study. Inv(9) and 21p+ were not confirmed with present BAC clones. CONCLUSION: Chromosomal changes were detected in four cases of infantile autism, with a detectability of 5.9% , far lower than that (10% to 48%) reported in literature. The breakpoint of translocation could be detected more accurately using BAC FISH method.

Autistic Disorder↗