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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Diagnoses and symptom patterns in children presenting to a pediatric headache clinic.

The diagnosis of migraine headache in children and adolescents is complex and not well understood. This study was conducted to compare diagnostic rates, using various criteria for pediatric migraine, and specific symptom characteristics in a sample of children referred for care to a specialized pediatric headache clinic. A structured interview was used at the patient's initial assessment visit to elicit symptom patterns and therapies attempted for headache. Clinical diagnoses were based on consensus agreement reached by a multidisciplinary team. Statistically derived diagnostic rates based on International Headache Society (IHS), Prensky, Vahlquist and our own criteria were significantly lower than clinical diagnostic rates. IHS diagnostic rates were differentially distributed as a function of race, but no other effects were found for demographic variables on diagnostic rates. Specific symptom patterns, however, varied as a function of race, gender and age of the child. The results underscore the need for comprehensive, developmentally based models of the evolution of migraine headache as a foundation for future research and the further development of clinically sensitive diagnostic criteria for pediatric migraine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The influence of insurance status and income on health care use among the nonmetropolitan elderly.

The objective of this research is to examine the influence of income and type of insurance coverage on the use of health services among the nonmetropolitan elderly. A model of health services utilization is used as the foundation for examining this issue with data from a telephone survey of a randomly selected sample of residents from four nonmetropolitan counties in Pennsylvania. Results indicated that those elders with Medicaid coverage were less likely to visit a doctor than respondents with private insurance or Medicare only, even after controlling for income and other relevant factors. Further, lower income respondents with Medicare were less likely to visit the dentist than those with private insurance (Medicare does not cover dental care). In contrast, neither income nor insurance predicted hospital use. As such, the health and dental care needs of many lower income nonmetropolitan elders may potentially be going unmet. In general, findings highlight the continued relevance of economic barriers to the use of such services among the nonmetropolitan elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Genetic analysis of the BB/W diabetic rat.

A large colony of BB/W diabetic rats has been developed as a research model for insulin dependent, type 1 diabetes mellitus. The foundation stock had 8% diabetics which appeared in a sporadic manner. The Worcester (W) colony was inbred by brother X sister matings for 11 generations and the proportion of diabetics increased to over 50%. The age of detection varies from 46 to 250 days. For selection purposes, classification was made at 120 days, which means that 15 to 20% potential diabetics were classified as normal. Evidence from different analyses indicates that the inheritance of diabetes is by a recessive gene or gene cluster with 50% penetrance at 120 days. The selection of breeding stock from diabetic parents raised the proportion of diabetics produced by two normal parents from 12 to 43%. Diallel tests show that diabetic and normal offspring of two diabetic parents have the same diabetic genotype. Outcrosses to other strains of rat indicate that the trait is transferred as a recessive with only 3% diabetics recovered in the F2 where noninbred BB stock was used as the diabetic source, and 36% where partially inbred BB/W was used as the diabetic parent. Since the proportion of diabetics produced by all types of crosses has changed, and may continue to change with changes in the genetic background, we have used the operational term penetrance to describe the frequency of diabetes in individuals homozygous for the diabetes gene cluster. At present the penetrance at 120 days is 59% in the BB/W colony.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Designing a home health care system for Alaska Natives in Anchorage.

PURPOSE: To design a health care program that allows Alaska Natives to receive culturally appropriate health services in their homes, thus avoiding the trauma of institutionalization and significantly increasing the quality of the patient's life during the course of the treated illness. METHOD: Utilizing the culturally appropriate sensitivity that is found within Tribal Health Corporations, Southcentral Foundation is designing a federally based community health care model to bring health support services into the patient's home. Health Aides and Community Health Representatives play an important role in extending this model into an urban community setting. The cost of care is significantly reduced, as it is more cost-effective to keep patients in their own home environments rather than in institutions. RESULTS: Major outcomes for patients are increased cultural sensitivity to their needs, personal comfort, dignity, and care in their own home surroundings. Outcomes for the federal care system are significant savings and more efficient personalized health care.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) as a method for treatment of tinnitus and hyperacusis patients.

The aim of this paper is to provide information about the neurophysiologic model of tinnitus and Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT). With this overview of the model and therapy, professionals may discern with this basic foundation of knowledge whether they wish to pursue learning and subsequently implement TRT in their practice. This paper provides an overview only and is insufficient for the implementation of TRT.

Hair Cells, Auditory↗
PubMed2006

[Musical therapy in Marsilio Ficono's Compendium in Timaeum].

In this article, I will discuss music therapy in Marsilio Ficino's Timaeus-commentary. Ficino's model of sound perception is reconstructed. It lays the foundation for the medical and mind-expanding function of music in his philosophy. Ficino's music therapy follows from his ideas about the harmony of the spheres, a concept that was used in Western culture well into the fifteenth century for rather static descriptions of the cosmos, mainly meant to praise God and his creation. The traditional view about celestial harmony provided hardly any possibility for active human involvement. Ficino changed this significantly when he united Platonic ideas about the music of the spheres with biblical ideas about the imprint of God's image on human beings. Thus, knowledge of the harmonic structure of the cosmos became possible. I will argue that Ficino's reconciliation of the Timaeus with the book of Genesis allowed for the connection of the ancient doctrines of cosmic harmony and the power of music. This resulted in new possibilities for music therapy.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1977

Estrogen biosynthesis in the ovaries and testes.

This review has presented some of our recent data on estrogen biosynthesis and has drawn upon these, as well as numerous observations, to design the two-cell type, two-gonadotropin model, applicable to both sexes, for the biosynthesis of gonadal estrogens and its regulation. Some of the data upon which this model, depicted in Figure 15, are based are quite preliminary and in many cases have been derived from experiments with tissues from animals over a rather narrow age span. Consequently, in future years this model may appear too simplistic to explain gonadal estrogen synthesis at all stages of development. However, whatever the fate of the model, whether it be broken and rebuilt on firmer foundations or furnished more lavishly, it is hoped that it will result in some of the corners being "rounded." There has been an emphasis on some of the similarities between the two sexes with respect to enzyme capacities, hormone receptors, and control mechanisms for the various cell types in the ovaries as compared to the testes. In particular, the striking similarities both structurally and functionally between Sertoli cells and granulosa cells are now recognized. Vive la difference.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

A decentralized future for the open-science databases.

The continuous and reliable open access to curated biological data repositories is indispensable for accelerating rigorous scientific inquiry and fostering reproducible research outcomes. However, the current paradigm, which relies heavily on centralized infrastructure for the storage and distribution of foundational biomedical datasets, inherently introduces significant vulnerabilities. This centralized model is susceptible to single points of failure, including cyberattacks, technical malfunctions, natural disasters, and even political or funding uncertainties. Such disruptions can lead to widespread data unavailability, data loss, integrity compromises, and substantial delays in critical research, ultimately impeding scientific progress. The downstream effect of such interruptions can be the widespread paralysis of diverse research activities, including computational, clinical, molecular, and climate studies. This scenario vividly illustrates the inherent dangers of consolidating essential scientific resources within a single geopolitical or institutional locus. As data generation is accelerating and the global landscape continues to fluctuate, the sustainability of centralized models must be critically re-evaluated. A shift toward federated and decentralized architectures may offer a robust and forward-looking approach to enhancing the resilience of scientific data infrastructures by reducing exposure to governance instability, infrastructural fragility, and funding volatility, while also promoting equity and global accessibility. Inspired by established models such as ELIXIR's federated infrastructure and the policy and funding frameworks developed by CODATA and the Global Biodata Coalition (GBC), emerging Decentralized Science (DeSci) initiatives can contribute to building more resilient, fair, and incentive-aligned data ecosystems. The future of open science depends on integrating these complementary approaches to establish a globally distributed, economically sustainable, and institutionally robust infrastructure that safeguards scientific data as a public good, further ensuring continued accessibility, interoperability, and preservation for generations to come. Here, we examine the structural limitations of centralized repositories, evaluate federated and decentralized models, and propose a hybrid framework for resilient, fair, and sustainable scientific data stewardship.

data accessibility↗
PubMed1993

Jacobson resonance is the basis from which to evaluate potential hazard and therapeutic benefit from extrinsic magnetic fields.

Jacobson resonance, a general form of Zeeman and cyclotron resonance, is proposed as a fundamental explanation relating to the effects of non-ionizing radiation on biological systems. The foundation of the mathematical perspective is presented. This theoretical model predicts the clinical efficacy of picoTesla magnetic fields in the treatment of neurological disorders. Recent clinical data is presented and analyzed. Additionally, recent experimental data concerning important biological frequency and amplitude windows is explained. More particularly, 16 Hz, 60 Hz, and 72 Hz windows are related to milliGauss magnetic fields and space fields.

Cyclotrons↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hmong healing practices used for common childhood illnesses.

Central California has become a place of refuge and settlement for Southeast Asian Hmong immigrants over the past 20 years. The resulting assimilation of this new cultural group into American society has produced the need for multi-ethnic understanding and culturally sensitive health care interventions. Knowledge regarding the health care practices of Hmong parents provides the foundation for this understanding and an integrated and meaningful model of child care. This study of Hmong parents describes (a) their indigenous healing practices, (b) the purposes of these health care practices, (c) their beliefs about western medical care, and (d) their views on seeking western pediatric health care. A one-group descriptive design was used. Interview data from Hmong parents (N = 21) describes illness causation, healing rituals, herbal remedies, and other health care traditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Characterization of recombinant human plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT): N-linked carbohydrate structures and catalytic properties.

The major N-linked carbohydrate structures were determined for recombinant human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). The analysis of the structure of oligosaccharides by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and linkage analysis was preceded by reduction and carboxymethylation of the intact glycoproteins and digestion with trypsin and proline specific endopeptidase. The N-glycans were subsequently released from the glycopeptides by PNGase F digestion and the oligosaccharides were separated using a C18 Sep-pak cartridge. The data from the combination of FAB spectrometry and linkage analysis show that the N-linked glycans present on recombinant LCAT (rLCAT) were composed primarily of triantennary and tetraantennary structures with and without core fucosylation. A minor population of glycans (less than 5%) contained up to three repeats of N-acetyllactosamine in one or more antennae. The LCAT activities of both recombinant and circulating forms of plasma LCAT were determined using low molecular weight and lipoprotein substrates. The catalytic behavior of these two enzyme forms were found to be very similar if not identical. These findings validate the concept that the recombinant enzyme can serve as an appropriate model for structure/function studies of LCAT and provide the foundation for subsequent structural studies.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1976

Evolutionary processes and evolutionary noise at the molecular level. II. A selectionist model for random fixations in proteins.

On account, notably, of a competition between different component functions for individual sites in polypeptide chains, each protein molecule represents a functional compromise, with some functions optimized, but the overall state of the molecule "suboptimal". The proposal is made that the selection coefficient relating to a protein molecule under given conditions can in principle be broken down into partial selection coefficients relevant to the different functions that the molecule carries out. At general-function sites, each fixation improves some function, while others deteriorate, at first nonsignificantly, and the overall adaptive state of the molecule fluctuates around its maximum. A selective mechanism is described whereby kaleidoscopic changes in primary structure at variable sites are indefinitely promoted, independently of any environmental changes and with the molecule remaining close to a state of maximal overall adaptation. The paradoxical aspect of this proposal is analyzed. The implication of specific functions in substitutions at general-function sites is noted. Further, it is shown that a certain category of changes in the internal environment of the organism can be integrated into the constant-environmental model for selection. Genetic sufficiency is considered a notion more adequate than genetic optimality for describing biological fitness and for providing a basis for the present model. On this basis selection occurs without genetic load. Multipolymorphism is one of the consequences. Several lines of evidence, in particular observations on polymorphism in deep sea organisms, seem to support the model. It is pointed out that it provides a theoretical foundation for a molecular evolutionary clock. The theoretical constancy of the clock depends on the constancy of functional density. The question of the evolution of functional density is examined. Comparisons of observed substitution frequencies with values expected on a random basis are rejected as a measure of the contribution to evolution of nondetermination. They are considered to reflect a hierarchy in the resistance of the molecules to different amino acid residues as substituents. A limited component of "true" randomness, again accompanied by selection, is on the other hand provided by the model. Most amino acid substitutions are considered evolutionary noise, even though noise compatible with selection. It is proposed that evolutionary significant substitutions may be identified by monitoring changes in functional density and weighted functional density.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Modeling transcription factor binding sites with Gibbs Sampling and Minimum Description Length encoding.

Transcription factors, proteins required for the regulation of gene expression, recognize and bind short stretches of DNA on the order of 4 to 10 bases in length. In general, each factor recognizes a family of "similar" sequences rather than a single unique sequence. Ultimately, the transcriptional state of a gene is determined by the cooperative interaction of several bound factors. We have developed a method using Gibbs Sampling and the Minimum Description Length principle for automatically and reliably creating weight matrix models of binding sites from a database (TRANSFAC) of known binding site sequences. Determining the relationship between sequence and binding affinity for a particular factor is an important first step in predicting whether a given uncharacterized sequence is part of a promoter site or other control region. Here we describe the foundation for the methods we will use to develop weight matrix models for transcription factor binding sites.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

R.A. Fisher's contributions to genetical statistics.

R. A. Fisher (1890-1962) was a professor of genetics, and many of his statistical innovations found expression in the development of methodology in statistical genetics. However, whereas his contributions in mathematical statistics are easily identified, in population genetics he shares his preeminence with Sewall Wright (1889-1988) and J. B. S. Haldane (1892-1965). This paper traces some of Fisher's major contributions to the foundations of statistical genetics, and his interactions with Wright and with Haldane which contributed to the development of the subject. With modern technology, both statistical methodology and genetic data are changing. Nonetheless much of Fisher's work remains relevant, and may even serve as a foundation for future research in the statistical analysis of DNA data. For Fisher's work reflects his view of the role of statistics in scientific inference, expressed in 1949: There is no wide or urgent demand for people who will define methods of proof in set theory in the name of improving mathematical statistics. There is a widespread and urgent demand for mathematicians who understand that branch of mathematics known as theoretical statistics, but who are capable also of recognising situations in the real world to which such mathematics is applicable. In recognising features of the real world to which his models and analyses should be applicable, Fisher laid a lasting foundation for statistical inference in genetic analyses.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The dynamical foundations of motion pattern formation: stability, selective adaptation, and perceptual continuity.

A dynamical model is used to show that global motion pattern formation for several different apparent motion stimuli can be embodied in the stable distribution of activation over a population of concurrently activated, directionally selective motion detectors. The model, which is based on motion detectors being interactive, noisy, and self-stabilizing, accounts for such phenomena as bistability, spontaneous switching, hysteresis, and selective adaptation. Simulations show that dynamical solutions to the motion correspondence problem for a bistable stimulus (two qualitatively different patterns are formed) apply as well to the solution for a monostable stimulus (only one pattern is formed) and highlight the role of interactions among sequentially stimulated detectors in establishing the state dependence and, thereby, the temporal persistence of percepts.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional health information systems: applying the IAIMS model.

In general, there is agreement that robust integrated information systems are the foundation for building successful regional health care delivery systems. Integrated Advanced Information Management System (IAIMS) institutions that, over the years, have developed strategies for creating cohesive institutional information systems and services are finding that IAIMS strategies work well in the even more complex regional environment. The key elements of IAIMS planning are described and lessons learned are discussed in the context of regional health information systems developed. The challenges of aligning the various information agencies and agendas in support or a regional health information system are complex; however, the potential rewards for health care in quality, efficacy, and cost savings are enormous.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2004

Advanced statistics: linear regression, part I: simple linear regression.

Simple linear regression is a mathematical technique used to model the relationship between a single independent predictor variable and a single dependent outcome variable. In this, the first of a two-part series exploring concepts in linear regression analysis, the four fundamental assumptions and the mechanics of simple linear regression are reviewed. The most common technique used to derive the regression line, the method of least squares, is described. The reader will be acquainted with other important concepts in simple linear regression, including: variable transformations, dummy variables, relationship to inference testing, and leverage. Simplified clinical examples with small datasets and graphic models are used to illustrate the points. This will provide a foundation for the second article in this series: a discussion of multiple linear regression, in which there are multiple predictor variables.

Biometry↗
PubMed1976

Foundations of health education.

Health education is "the process of providing or utilizing experiences for favorably influencing understanding, attitudes, and practices relating to individual, family, and community health. As an applied science it draws its content from a variety of sources. The paradigm which depicts the foundations of health education can be visualized as five vertical pillars consisting of sociocultural, educational, psycho-behavioral, legal, and scientific foundations supporting the work of the health educator. While the components within each pillar may be altered with new developments and advances over time, the model is broad enough in scope to incorporate the changes without altering its purpose. The foundations of health viewed in this light can easily display the depth of the health education profession and will serve to orient the novice and future health educators of the underpinnings of their profession. This framework could easily be adapted for study on the college level and should serve as an orientation to those students planning to major in health.

Behavior↗