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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Do turbines with servo-controlled speed improve continuous positive airway pressure generation?

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices with a servo-mechanism to control pressure have recently been developed. We evaluated six such devices and three conventional systems in terms of effectiveness in maintaining constant pressure. Machines were tested with pressure levels of 5, 10 and 15 cmH2O. Dynamic behaviour was evaluated: 1) by calculating the imposed work of breathing during simulated breath generated by a sinusoidal pump; and 2) by following the fall in pressure after a transient flow of 1 l.s-1. Quasi-static behaviour was evaluated by simulating a predetermined air leak. Under dynamic conditions, work of breathing was lowest with one conventional nasal CPAP device and three servo-controlled nasal CPAP devices; whereas, the highest levels of work of breathing were recorded with two servo-controlled nasal CPAP devices. The pressure-time response to a transient flow yielded similar results, with a significant inverse correlation between pressure values observed after 300 ms and imposed work of breathing during simulated breathing (r = -0.91). Under quasi-static conditions, microprocessor servo-controlled devices exhibited the best performance. These results suggest that microprocessor servo-controlled nasal CPAP devices are not always the best systems for maintaining constant airway pressure in dynamic situations. However, they are more effective in ensuring maintenance of the desired pressure in the event of an air leak at the mask.

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hygienic maintenance of dental handpieces and turbines.

The controversy over the effective sterilization and disinfection of dental handpieces has engaged the minds of dentists and researchers for years but has been made even more important with the advent of the HI virus and AIDS. In this article, initiated as a project by the FDI Commission, Prof. Dr. Klaus Bofsmann examines some of the problems and solutions of sterilization of dental equipment.

Dental Equipment↗
PubMed1975

[Comparative macro- and microscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity of European insectivores].

The topography of the nasal fossa and its epithelium were studied in 4 European Insectivores, Sorex araneus L., Crocidura russula (Hermann), Talpa europaea L. and Erinaceus europaeus L. The following results were obtained: 1. The length of the nasal capsules is in relation to the length of the head in all 4 species the same. 2. The noses of all forms studies, except E. europaeus are very similar because of the trunk-shaped pars anterior nasi. 3. The numbers of turbinals are constant. 4. Of all turbinals the atrio-turbinal is ventrally the rostral one, and in the shrews it is considerably longer than in E. europaeus and T. europaea. 5. There is a maxillo-turbinal caudal of the atrio-turbinal. Both of these turbinals can be found separated by an incisura atrio-maxillo-turbinalis in T. europaea and the shrews. In E. europaeus the skeleton of the 2 turbinals is bridged by a fold of mucous membrane. 6. The maxillo-turbinal is bilamellar in T. europaea and the shrews, with each of the laminae rolled up in opposite direction. The surface of the maxillo-turbinal of E. europaeus is increased enormously by means of secondary folds. 7. The naso-turbinal begins almost at the tip of the nose and approaches the lamina cribrosa, where it disappears. One can discern 3 differently shaped parts of the naso-turbinal: Crus orale, crus intermedium and crus aborale. The nasoturbinal originates out of 2 different structures (the crus orale of the naso-turbinal and the lamina semicircularis) which are ontogenetically different, however, they have become fused during ontogeny, thus forming a structure which seems to be homogenous. 8. There are 3 ethmo-turbinals. The 1st ethmo-turbinal is the largest one and its free anterior tip is found in the intermediate part of the nasal fossa. Its epi-turbinal is an accessory lamella found in the aboral part of the first ethmoturbinal. Except in S. araneus it always appears in paraseptal views between the ethmo-turbinal I and II. 9. There are 3 ecto-turbinals. 2 ecto-turbinals are situated between the naso-turbinal and the ethmo-turbinal I, whereas the 3rd ecto-turbinal appears between ethmo-turbinal I and II. 10. There are 3 recesses of the lateral parts of the nasal fossa: The recessus frontalis anterior is found rostral-dorsally of the pars intermediate of the nasal fossa. The recessus frontalis posterior communicates with the former, but is located caudal of it. The 3rd recessus sphenoidalis is actually a subcerebral niche of the nasal fossa in the os sphenoidale. 11. There is only one pneumatic cavity in Insectivores, the sinus maxillaris. 12. The nasal fossa can be divided into a regio vestibularis, regio respiratoria and regio olfactoria. The epithelium of the nasal fossa is similar in all forms studied. 13. The anterior part of the oral regio vestibularis is outlined by keratinized epithelium; posteriorly, by loosing its stratum corneum, it changes into unkeratinized pseudostratified epithelium. 14...

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMed1999

[The correlative factors and preventive management of synechiae following endoscopic sinus surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlative factors of synechiae following endoscopic sinus surgery and their clinical significance. METHODS: Thirty-two cases (47 sides) of surgical cavity synechiae occurred in 338 (513 sides) endoscopic sinus surgeries were analyzed. The types of synechiae and correlative factors such as pathological features, primary ailment severity, pneumatization of middle turbinate, middle turbinate management, surgical procedures and follow-up management were analyzed. RESULTS: 1. The synechiae occurred in 9.16% of cases. 2. The synechiae occurred successively as: ethmoid sinus cavity synechiae and occlusion, synechia between middle turbinate and lateral nasal wall, middle turbinate synechiae with nasal septum, inferior turbinate synechiae with nasal septum. There was no synechiae between inferior turbinate and middle turbinate. 3. Synechia frequently occurred in patients with inflammatory lesions, severe primary ailment, pneumatization of middle turbinate, pathological middle turbinate, improper surgery and follow-up management and delayed follow-up. CONCLUSION: It is very important to fully recognize every correlative factors of synechiae pre-operatively in order to reduce synechiae. In addition, improvement of surgical technique, appropriate management of middle turbinate, in time follow-up and separation of synechiae timely are also indispensable to successful surgery.

Adolescent↗