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PubMed2005

Evaluation of touch-down real-time PCR based on SYBR Green I fluorescent dye for the detection of Neisseria meningitidis in clinical samples.

Antibiotic treatment prior to transport or admission of patients to hospital has reduced the proportion of patients with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) from whom Neisseria meningitidis can be isolated by standard microbiological techniques. Assays to detect the crgA gene were used to detect meningococcal DNA by both conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (RTPCR) in relation to microbiological diagnosis of cases over two years between 2002 and 2003. The sensitivity of both PCR assays for culture-confirmed cases was 93% and the specificity was 98.6%. Agreement between the two PCR assays was 96.2%. The inter- and intra-assay variations and effects of different amounts of DNA on the melting temperatures were examined. The touch-down RTPCR based on SYBR Green I fluorescent dye detected and characterized N. meningitidis in clinical samples within one hour.

Benzothiazoles↗

PubMed2005

Nodoids and toroids: comparison of two geometries for the meniscus profile of a wetting liquid between two touching isolated spheres and extensions to the model of a collection of packed spheres.

In the mid 1960s the present authors published two papers dealing with penetration of nonwetting liquids such as mercury into the interstitial void spaces using the model of uniform packed spheres. A circular arc was used to approximate the liquid-vapor interface in both papers. However, our circular arc-toroid values for the pressure-volume relationship in the pendular ring which exists between two touching spheres was criticized. The authors concluded that our approximation led to unacceptably large differences compared to the values calculated from the exact nodoid shape. This incorrect conclusion was never rebutted and has, in fact, been misinterpreted by subsequent workers to include values calculated for the shape of the access opening and the associated pressure for penetration into the void space of a collection of spheres. This leaves a cloud of uncertainty, not only over our original work on nonwetting fluids, but on the application of our procedures to the field of wetting fluids. The contrast in the geometrical shapes of the toroid and nodoid is depicted and the pressure values are compared at equal volumes. In contrast to the claim of excessive error, we show the toroid geometry, in conjunction with a pressure-volume work derivation, to have a maximum error of 0.06% as compared to the nodoid at all liquid-solid contact angles. The toroid also has the advantage of using a readily derived work versus surface free energy balance rather than requiring the use of incomplete elliptic integrals to evaluate the nodoid. Attempts to use radii of curvature to evaluate the toroid shape are shown to give extremely poor approximations of the exact values for the pressure. Values reported for access to the interior void space of a collection of spheres still need adjustment for the effect of contact angles between 0 degrees and 180 degrees for characterizing assemblies of real solids by computing "equivalent spherical" particle size from porosity and mercury penetration data. However, there is no anticipation that use of the circular arc will introduce large errors in the results. This gives confidence to us and others working with wetting media to test the potential applicability of the packed sphere model to various diverse fields.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Surgical management of crystalline lens dislocation into the anterior chamber with corneal touch and secondary glaucoma.

We present a 53-year-old man with a crystalline lens that spontaneously dislocated anteriorly with corneal touch and secondary glaucoma. A dry anterior vitrectomy and partial intercapsular lensectomy were performed using a limbal approach to control intraocular pressure (IOP) and decrease the lens volume. The lens capsule was gently separated from the corneal endothelium with viscoelastic material, after which a bimanual lensectomy was performed with a vitrectomy probe and a phacoemulsification microflow tip. The risk for expulsive choroidal hemorrhage, which can occur during large-incision, open-chamber surgery; a sudden IOP decrease; and significant damage to the corneal endothelium were avoided with this technique. After secondary intraocular lens scleral fixation, the final visual acuity was 20/25.

Anterior Chamber↗

PubMed2006

Visualizing the cortical representation of whisker touch: voltage-sensitive dye imaging in freely moving mice.

Voltage-sensitive dye imaging resolves the spatiotemporal dynamics of supragranular subthreshold cortical activity with millisecond temporal resolution and subcolumnar spatial resolution. We used a flexible fiber optic image bundle to visualize voltage-sensitive dye dynamics in the barrel cortex of freely moving mice while simultaneously filming whisker-related behavior to generate two movies matched frame-by-frame with a temporal resolution of up to 2 ms. Sensory responses evoked by passive whisker stimulation lasted longer and spread further across the barrel cortex in awake mice compared to anesthetized mice. Passively evoked sensory responses were large during behaviorally quiet periods and small during active whisking. However, as an exploring mouse approached an object while whisking, large-amplitude, propagating cortical sensory activity was evoked by active whisker-touch. These experiments demonstrate that fiber optics can be used to image cortical sensory activity with high resolution in freely moving animals. The results demonstrate differential processing of sensory input depending upon behavior.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed2005

Neural correlates of painful genital touch in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.

Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS) is a common cause of dyspareunia in pre-menopausal women. Recent evidence points to the importance of the sensory component in VVS, particularly the heightened processing of tactile and pain sensation in the vulvar vestibule. The goal of the present study was to examine the neural basis of heightened sensitivity to touch (i.e. allodynia) in women with VVS. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared regions of neural activity in 14 women with VVS and 14 age- and contraceptive-matched control women in response to the application of mild and moderate pressure to the posterior portion of the vulvar vestibule. Intensity and unpleasantness ratings were recorded after each scan; these ratings were significantly higher for women with VVS than controls. All women with VVS described moderate pressure as painful and unpleasant, and 6 of the 14 women with VVS described mild pressure as painful and unpleasant. In contrast, none of the stimuli was painful for control women. Correspondingly, women with VVS showed more significant activations during pressure levels that they found to be either painful or non-painful than did controls during comparable pressure levels. During pressure described as painful by women with VVS, they had significantly higher activation levels in the insular and frontal cortical regions than did control women. These results suggest that women with VVS exhibit an augmentation of genital sensory processing, which is similar to that observed for a variety of syndromes causing hypersensitivity, including fibromyalgia, idiopathic back pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and neuropathic pain.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Aortic valve operations under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for the porcelain aorta: "no-touch" technique.

BACKGROUND: Aortic valve replacement or repair becomes a high-risk procedure in patients in whom the ascending aorta cannot be clamped either because of extensive calcification and risk of cerebral embolus or because of extensive adhesions precluding safe dissection and clamping. METHODS: We report the results of aortic valve replacement or repair with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in 3 patients. Techniques to improve results include routine use of epiaortic and transesophageal echocardiography, avoidance of manipulation of the ascending aorta until the circulation is arrested, avoidance of antegrade cardioplegia, routine use of retrograde cardioplegia and retrograde cerebral perfusion, when feasible, and minimal aortotomy (just enough to excise and replace or repair the valve). RESULTS: Operations were accomplished in approximately 1 hour each with minimal manipulation of the aorta, thus minimizing aortic trauma and subsequent risk of cerebral embolus. Each patient had an unremarkable recovery without neurologic complications. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve replacement or repair using the "no-touch" technique and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is the preferred method when dealing with the porcelain or unclampable aorta.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

A simple non-touch technique for continuous suprapubic urinary drainage.

A simple non-touch technique for urinary paracentesis with a standard intracath is described. The application of this method for continuous urinary drainage in the relatively contaminated bedside environment may reduce the chance of bladder injury and infection in gravely ill patients until a more definite procedure is feasible.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

Sensitivity of a miniaturized touch probe sensor using PZT thin film vibrator.

In this paper, an improved touch probe sensor device for higher sensitivity and low contact force is reported. In order to improve the resolution, we have evaluated the sensitivity and fabricated a miniaturized sensor. The sensor transducer was 3 mm long and had higher resonance frequency. The resonance frequency of the vibrator was 937 kHz. Evaluated sensitivity was 1.0 x 10(-1) mV/nm. This value equals five times larger than that of a previous sensor. Miniaturization of the sensor device carried smaller vibration operation and higher sensitivity.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Communication by touch: role of cellular extensions in complex animals.

Neurons make networks of intercellular connections. Many other cells also send out long cellular extensions and "touch" other cells far away. The extensions are intriguing, but what do they do? Possible rationales for this cell behavior include: (1) forming precise binary connections with the possibility of forming more complex networks, and (2) coupling of signaling with physical force.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

"No-touch" cryosurgical enucleation: a minimal trauma technique for eyes harboring intraocular malignancy.

Current surgical approaches for cancer are emphasizing minimal trauma--the so-called no-touch technique of tumor removal. Tumor seeding through the circulatory system seems reasonable, particularly with friable and necrotic tumors. Attempts to reduce metastatic seeds should originate with the original procedure. Enucleation of nontumor eyes with simultaneous intraocular manometry has shown which surgical maneuvers elevate intraocular pressure and how ocular massage can be avoided. Our surgical procedure involves a delicate surgical technique coupled with transscleral cryocoagulation to immobilize the tumor's blood supply.

Cryosurgery↗

PubMed1990

Management of cornea-lens touch after filtering surgery for glaucoma.

The success of filtering surgery for glaucoma may be compromised by a postoperative flat anterior chamber associated with cornea-lens touch, hypotony, and absence of wound leakage. The clinical course of eight patients with this complication was reviewed. Six patients had chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Only one patient responded to medical therapy which included frequent topical application of atropine sulfate 3.0% for 1 hour. Reformation of the anterior chamber with air and drainage of any suprachoroidal fluid was immediately performed in the remaining seven. At the time of follow-up (mean, 16 months), the glaucoma was controlled in all eyes except one. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14 mmHg in those eyes not requiring reoperation. Six (75%) of eight eyes had diffuse, succulent filter blebs. Five eyes (63%) required no antiglaucoma medications, one eye (12%) required one, one eye (12%) required two, and one eye (12%) underwent repeat filtering surgery. The results suggest that, once medical therapy is not immediately successful, prompt surgical reformation of the anterior chamber along with drainage of any suprachoroidal fluid may preserve the filter blebs in these eyes.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Y chromosome enumeration in touch preparations from 42 prostate tumors by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.

A change in Y chromosome number is but one of the many cytogenetic abnormalities reported in human prostate tumors. However, reports in the literature have varied regarding the frequency of Y loss or gain, whether it is restricted to the cancerous tissue, and its relation to the biology of the disease. The most frequently used materials for analysis of Y enumeration have been metaphase spreads from short-term cell cultures of prostate tumor tissue and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Analysis of Y chromosome number by using metaphase spreads on short-term cultures can be misleading owing to clonal cell selection during the establishment of these cultures. This may result in an incomplete representation of the loss/gain pattern in the tumor as a whole. Studies using paraffin-embedded tissue sections can be complicated by apparent chromosome loss due to nuclear truncation as a result of tumor sectioning. In an attempt to circumvent these problems, we have used touch preparations from human prostate tumors to search for Y chromosome loss. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was conducted by using a whole chromosome Y paint, with an alpha-satellite chromosome 3 probe as a control, on tumor samples from 42 patients ages 40-75. The results demonstrated a gain of Y in a single prostate tumor sample, with no convincing evidence for loss of the entire Y chromosome in any of the other 41 samples examined. The results suggest that loss of the entire Y chromosome is an infrequent event in prostate cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Use of touch preparation for rapid diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis.

Disseminated candidiasis is the most common fungal infection occurring in patients with hematologic malignancies. Unless rapidly diagnosed and treated, it is usually fatal. The signs and symptoms of disseminated candidiasis are nonspecific but sometimes include a skin eruption of papulonodules with pale centers. Biopsy or culture of skin lesions does not usually allow prompt diagnosis. We describe two patients with leukemia with disseminated candidiasis in whom the diagnosis was rapidly made by a potassium hydroxide preparation and a Gram's stain of a touch preparation of the punch biopsy specimen.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Detection of gene mutations related with drug resistance in Mycobacterium leprae from leprosy patients using Touch-Down (TD) PCR.

The lack of methods to identify Mycobacterium leprae with the resistance against multi-drugs quickly and specifically has hindered effective chemotherapy against M. leprae infection. To screen M. leprae with resistance against multi-drugs, the Touch-Down (TD)-PCR has been used in this study. Sequences of the folP, rpoA, B, and gyrA, B genes were analyzed for isolates of M. leprae from leprosy patients in Korea. We amplified designated region of several genes in M. leprae involved in drug resistance and could obtain the PCR products of each gene. The mutations in the particular region of folP, rpoB, and gyrB gene were certified by TD-PCR single-stranded conformational polymorphism and DNA sequencing, respectively.

DNA, Bacterial↗

PubMed1996

[Is Ambu ventilation of newborn infants a simple question of finger-touch?].

Insufflation pressures were measured during manual ventilation using a neonatal rebreathing bag (Ambu on a manikin. Maximal insufflation pressures were greater than that published or given by the manufacturer, theoretically limited to 30 cm of water at open valve, and that whatever the number of fingers used for the compression of the bag. These results indicate that Ambu ventilation, often mandatory for newborn resuscitation, does not simply rely upon the finger-touch of the operator and that it always has a risk of baro and/or volotraumatism.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

Touch at the molecular level. Mechanosensation.

The cloning of genes needed for gentle-touch sensitivity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has provided new molecular details about a proposed mechanosensory ion channel complex.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Touch cytology. A reliable and cost-effective method for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

A variety of reliable methods are available for detecting Helicobacter pylori (Hp) during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. We evaluated the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of rapid urease test (RUT), touch cytology (TC), and histology (H). Two hundred thirty-eight consecutive patients (178 without previous medical treatment and 60 formerly treated with anti-Hp therapy) were tested for Hp infection by RUT, TC, and H (H&E stain). The infection status for each patient was established by a concordance of two test results. The time to carry out the three tests and their cost were also calculated. Sensitivity of TC (100%) was significantly higher than that of RUT (86.8%; P < 0.001), but not than that of H (94.9%). RUT was significantly more specific than H (100% vs 95.6%; P < 0.05), but not than TC (96.4%). Hp infection was more frequent in the patients with chronic active gastritis than in those with chronic nonactive gastritis (P < 0.001). No Hp infection was detected in absence of chronic antral inflammation. RUT resulted the cheapest method and H the most expensive; TC is faster and cheaper than H. When additional information about the severity of mucosal damage or the presence of cell atypias is not necessary, histologic examination can be omitted, and a cost-effective strategy for assessing Hp status might consist in taking two antral biopsies, the former for performing RUT and the latter for preparing a slide by TC, which should be stained and examined only when the RUT result is negative.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Role of the inertia tensor in perceiving object orientation by dynamic touch.

Ss wielded an occluded L-shaped rod and attempted to perceive the direction in which the rod was pointing with respect to the hand. The pattern of the rod's different resistances to rotation in different directions, quantified by the inertia tensor, changes systematically with the rod's orientation. Perception of orientation by wielding is possible if the tissue deformation consequences of the rod's inertia tensor are detectable. It was shown that perceived orientation was a linear function of actual orientation for both free and restricted wielding and for rods of different-size branches. The eigenvectors of the inertia tensor were implicated as the basis for this haptic perceptual capability. Results were discussed in reference to information-perception specificity and its implications for effortful or dynamic touch.

Adult↗