Chemical nature of remineralized flattened enamel surfaces.
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In an experimental model, slabs of sound and presoftened bovine enamel were worn in the human mouth for seven days except for periodic removal for in vitro exposure to experimental variables. Supplementation with 3% sucrose for 10 minutes, four times daily for seven days yielded predicted levels of experimental caries. Parallel exposure to 3% sucrose containing 100 ppm fluoride sharply reduced or negated the resultant caries in originally sound enamel, and reversed the simulated pre-experimental caries in most samples of presoftened enamel. Serial layers of test enamel surfaces showed high levels of fluoride accumulated in the originally sound enamel, and even higher levels in the presoftened enamel that had been suppemented with sucrose-fluoride solution. Quantitation of the plaqye microbial flora showed that the fluoride ion exerted no detectable influence. Consistent with the findings in previous studies, some correlation appeared to exist between the degree of experimental caries and that proportion of total plaque that was comprised of S salivarius. S mutans, or lactobacilli.
In mineralizing hamster molars, the influence of several inhibitors on p-NPP-ase has been demonstrated, and compared with their effect on PPi-ase, known to belong to the same enzyme. Whereas the latter activity is much more physiological, p-NPP is a better substrate to distinguish between the effects of bivalent cations on the enzyme or the substrate.
The in vitro mineralization of predentin (PD) and of the organic component of dentin (OD) has been studied in a supersaturated solution of calcium phosphate at 37 C and pH=7.4 at total calcium and phosphate concentrations close to those in vivo. The mineralization of OD can be divided into at least three periods based upon the morphology and the specific surface area of the mineral phase formed. Dissolution of the newly precipitated mineral on OD revealed a stoichiometry close to that for octacalcium phosphate. In contrast, PD was ineffective as a crystal nucleator. The mineralization of the inorganic component of dentin (ID) and whole dentin (D) has also been examined.
Incorporation of tetracyline into dental enamels was studied by exposing presoftened enamel slabs to tetracycline-containing mineralizing solutions. Tetracycline was incorporated only when remineralization (assessed by hardness) occurred and the experimental conditions favored the formation of a soluble tetracycline Ca complex. The fluorescence induced by tetracycline incorporation into the enamel slabs was comparable to that reported under in vivo conditions.