Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tenotomy”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Trophic influence of the nervous system on the heat resistance of skeletal muscles in rats].

Chronic denervation of m. extensor digitorum longus in rats significantly increase the heat resistance of muscle fibers. This effect does not result from muscle disuse, since tenotomy does not affect the level of heat resistance of muscle fibers. After bilateral adrenalectomy, the thermostability of muscles remains unaffected. The data obtained are discussed in relation to the problem of coupled changes in thermostability and electrogenesis of muscles fibers in animal evolution.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1979

Intramuscular neurolysis for spasticity in children.

Intramuscular neutrolysis with phenol has been used for 10 years in the management of spasticity in children. Best results depend on fastidious technique and realistic use of the procedure. Sedation or anesthesia was used in all cases -- 5% phenol in water was used for all procedures. The main indications were spasticity which interfered with function, either actual or potential, or with care. Where uninhibited vestibular or tonic neck reflexes affect muscle tone, or there is dystonia or athetosis, the procedure is less effective than where spasticity alone is present. Duration of relief of spasticity ranged from 1 month to more than 2 years. About one half of the lower extremity muscle treated required tenotomy later. Generally training was required after the procedure to obtain improved function. A representative sample of muscles treated, repeat procedures, and later surgery is discussed. The procedure is recommended for use in the management of spasticity in children as a way of improving function and/or care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Stiff-legged gait in hemiplegia: surgical correction.

Selective tenotomy of one or two heads of the quadriceps based on electromyographic criteria improved knee flexion in hemiplegic patients who walked with a unilateral stiff-legged gait. The improvement was greatest in eight patients in whom the rectus femoris was released, either with or without release of the vastus intermedius, with activity in pre-swing stance and initial swing confined to those heads of the quadriceps; in these patients knee flexion improved an average of 20 degrees. Knee flexion improved an average of only 8 degrees in five patients in who activity was present in one head of the quadriceps that was not surgically released. No improvement in knee flexion occurred in seven of eight patients in whom activity was present in two or more of the quadriceps heads that were not surgically released.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1979

The surgical treatment of lumbo-sacral coccygeal agenesis.

Vertebro-pelvic instability and deformities of the lower limbs are the main therapeutic problems in lumbo-sacral agenesis. The first of these can be solved conservatively with the aid of an orthopaedic corset; patients treated in this way have never reported visceral compression disturbances. In regard to the deformities of the lower limbs it is possible and preferable to perform corrective surgery rather than amputation. However, this is complicated by the possibility of ischaemic attacks as a result of stretching of the neurovascular bundle. Surgical treatment should be commenced at an early stage and be performed in the following order: knees, hips, feet. If the deformity is not long-established, extension of the knees can be achieved by simple posterior capsulotomy and tenotomy of the flexors followed by slow, gradual trans-skeletal traction applied over a period of approximately one month. Relapses, however, must be treated by double osteotomy (supracondylar of the femur and metaphyseal of the tibia) with removal of anterior wedges. Flexion relapses of the knees are common and require further surgery. Correction of the hip deformities is easy and we have never observed relapses of this deformity. When the deformities have been corrected and static function restored to the lower limbs, the patients can walk with elbow crutches and orthopaedic calipers by oscillating the trunk.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Management of eye movement restriction (particularly vertical) in dysthyroid myopathy.

Sixteen cases of vertical rectus muscle myopathy in dysthyroid patients are described. In mild cases without diplopia prisms may be adequate treatment. When uncomfortable diplopia is present surgery is indicated when the muscle dysfunction has become stable. Even after surgery further contracture is often experienced, particularly after Ogura antral decompression. The amount of correction obtained by recession of a contracted muscle is greater than that following ordinary strabismus surgery so that usually only one muscle should be operated upon at a time. Care should be exercised in tenotomy of severely contracted muscles. The prognosis is excellent in dysthyroid myopathy if the patient permits the required number of surgical procedures which may be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Long-term results of operation for congenital muscular torticollis (author's transl)].

Tenotomie of the sternocleidomastoid muscle seems to be an operation without complications. This impression is confirmed by the majority of reports, most of which however deal with early follow-up results. The basis of this paper is a follow-up of 100 patients, 37 years postoperatively and a review of the literature. There were several avoidable inter- and postoperative complications. Unadequate treatment was one reason for poor results. Good alternative to the cast postoperatively were offered by physiotherapy or the Schanz cotton wool bandage. The use of a cast was followed in a few cases by reversible plexus damage and decubitus ulcers of the head. On the whole the longterm results after torticollis operations were good. Scars and slight recurrence did not disturb the patients seriously. There was no correlation between age at operation and asymmetry of the face.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Ischemic-hypoxic changes in muscles with tendon injuries (author's transl)].

Ischemic-hypoxic changes in muscles with experimental tenotomy and human tendon ruptures have been examined. The so-called capillarization of the muscles is greatly reduced, following tendon injury and the accumulation of fibrous tissue is to be observed, around the muscle cells. The decreased blood supply and the elongation of the capillary muscle cell distance lead to hypoxic lesions (mitochondrial destruction, intramitochondrial calcification, accumulation of lysosomes etc.).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Recent applications of X-ray microanalysis in muscle pathology.

X-ray microanalysis of single muscle fibres visualized in the scanning- and scanning-transmission mode of electron microscopy has been applied to human muscle biopsies to quantify changes of intracellular elements in different muscle disorders. To detect elements representing diffusible ions, cryofixation and cryosectioning was performed and analyses were conducted on freeze-dried cryosections 6 micron thick. Changes in the concentration of elements were found to differentiate certain muscular disorders. A large increase in sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), and a decrease in potassium (K) was typical of myotubular myopathy, while a moderate increase in Na and Cl was found in central core disease and nemaline myopathy. The normal elemental spectrum was found in multicore myopathy and facio- scapulo -humeral muscle dystrophy. In dystrophia myotonica there was constantly a decrease in K whereas in myotonia congenita an increase in K was a common finding. In myotonic dystrophy an increase in Na and Cl seemed to be related to the increase in the ring fibre formation. Experimental tenotomy of the soleus muscle of the rat is characterized by plasma membrane changes and the formation of core fibres. A marked increase in Na and Cl and a decrease in K was found to be a prominent elemental change in such core fibres. We conclude that changes in the concentration of certain intracellular elements demonstrable by X-ray microanalysis on cryosectioned freeze-dried muscle biopsies seem to be an indication of muscle fibre membrane disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of inferior check ligament desmotomy for treatment of acquired flexor tendon contracture in the horse.

The usefulness of inferior check ligament desmotomy as a treatment for acquired tendon contracture in horses was evaluated in 13 cases of deep digital flexor (DDF) contracture and in 3 cases of combined superficial digital flexor (SDF) and DDF contracture. In 8 of 9 cases of DDF contracture in which the dorsal surface of the hoof had not passed beyond being vertical to the ground, the surgical procedure was successful in returning the limb to a normal position and function. Compared with DDF tenotomy, inferior check ligament desmotomy was a superior treatment technique because of decreased postoperative pain, better postoperative appearance, and improved return to function. In 4 cases of DDF contracture in which the dorsal SDF contracture was also involved, inferior check ligament desmotomy was generally insufficient to allow return of the limb to normal alignment and function.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Skeletal muscle nuclear ATPase under denervation].

Denervation of the rabbit gastrocnemius muscle is shown to result after 18 and 72 h in a decrease of Mg2+-, Ca2+-dependent and an increase of Mg+-dependent parts of nuclear ATPase activity, with the total level of the enzyme activity retained. 7 days later the total ATPase activity of nuclei decreases as well as the expense of its EGTA-dependent part. These changes correlate with those in the nuclear Ca total content. Indirect electrostimulation of the denervated muscle increase both the 7g2+-, Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity and the Ca content in nuclei. Tenotomy for 18 h does not change these parameters.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1981

Surgery of the rheumatoid foot: preferable procedures.

Management of patients who have rheumatoid arthritis is best accomplished by a team approach utilizing the help of the family physician, the rheumatologist, the physical therapist and the orthopaedist. Such an approach insures careful screening and proper selection of those who can be helped by surgical procedures. Those who have painful feet welcome surgical intervention if nonoperative methods do not furnish relief. The forefoot is often involved and severe deformities of the metatarsophalangeal joints with painful plantar calluses are frequent. The deformities can be corrected and the calluses prevented or relieved by an operation that does not shorten the metatarsals. Such preserves and restores better function of the foot. After tenotomy of the extensor tendons and resection of the proximal portion of the proximal phalanges the plantar condyles of the metatarsals are excised and the remainder of the head is smoothed but not excised. The distance of the heel to metatarsal head strike during standing and walking is not shortened by this procedure. In some rheumatoid patients who have severe hallus valgus but minimal involvement of the interphalangeal joint the push off function of the great toe that is so important when walking can be preserved by arthrodesis in the correct position of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Arthrodesis of the talonavicular joint before fixed deformities develop in the hindfoot is a procedure that relieves pain and prevents progressive valgus deformity of the hindfoot. Other arthrodesing procedures are indicated occasionally. It must be remembered by the surgeon and thoroughly explained to the patient that activity of the rheumatoid process militates against the results from surgery and that corrected deformities and pain may recur if the disease progresses.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1981

[Progressive tibial lengthening in children (author's transl)].

The authors have studied 38 "simple" tibial lengthenings and 10 "iterative" tibial lengthenings in children, with the use of an external rigid distractor. Four out of five of these lengthenings have been performed in cases of constitutional shortness. The authors got an average lengthening of 4,2 cm (that is 17,5 p. 100) for first procedure and 5,5 cm (16,5 p 100) for iterative ones. Consolidation has been obtained after about 3 months and free walking was authorized after 6 months for simple lenghtenings. These delays are longer (5 months and 6 and a half months) for iterative lengthenings. The bone and articular complications observed are closely linked to the technic used. The authors recommended the use of an external distractor of Wagner type, an oblique osteotomy with ample oblique section and extensive tenotomies and aponevrotomies. Out of the author's own experience, the most frequent complications were: delay in consolidations, especially in acquired shortness, and foot complications, especially frequent on those patients with previous alterations at that level. Progressive tibial lengthenings must be, of course, part of a complete program of length equalization of the inferior limbs and must however be preceded by the necessary surgery to obtain rightness and stabilisation of the knee, leg, ankle and foot before starting the required lengthening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Contribution of inert mass to experimental cancer cachexia in rats.

An inert artificial tumor (AFT) was inflated in male F344 rats to simulate, experimentally, the growth in mass of large transplantable tumors that produce cachexia. The AFT depressed host weight gain and skeletal muscle mass up to 30% and food intake up to 20% of the depression induced by tumors of comparable size. When the growth rate of the AFT was low, there was no depression of food intake. Work-induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscles, as assessed by a gastrocnemius tenotomy model, was approximately equal to that of normal, tumor-bearing, and AFT-bearing animals. The AFT elevated host total energy expenditure by 12.5% and compartment-of-energy expenditure attributable to motor activity by 10.5%. The elevation of energy expenditure accounted for most of the depression of weight gain of AFT-bearing animals below that of intact animals. The large mass of most transplantable tumors leads to an overestimate of the malignant tissue-depletive effects of tumor and an under-estimate of the asthenic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Experimental evaluation of immobilization in operative and non-operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. A radiographic study in the rabbit.

Achilles tenotomy in rabbits was followed by operative or non-operative management. Various immobilization periods were used (0, 7, 16 and 35 days). Steel markers were fixed on the tendon ends to allow continuous X-ray monitoring of the distance between them. The separation of the tendon ends followed a biphasic course, with (I) and initial separation, 0-7 days, (II) no separation, 8-12 days, and (III) late separation, 22-35 days, irrespective of the therapeutic procedure. When the tendon was sutured, the initial separation was small if the leg was immobilized, but large if no immobilization was used. When no suture was applied, the initial separation was always large, whether or not the leg was immobilized. Large initial separation of the tendon ends always resulted in disturbed healing of the tendon. The final tendon end separation was independent of duration of immobilization. Good healing of cut Achilles tendon in rabbits thus requires immediate suture and immobilization for at least 7 days. The possible validity of these observations for tendon rupture in man offers interesting prospects.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1983

Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip.

The cases of nine patients (eleven hips) with idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip were studied. Seven of the patients were white and two were Hispanic. The age at onset ranged from eight to sixteen years (mean, 11.5 years). Four patients were boys and five were girls. All patients had a decreased passive range of motion of the hip, and radiographic examination showed regional osteoporosis, premature closure of the femoral capital physis, narrowing of the joint space, and lateral overgrowth of the femoral head on the neck. All laboratory examinations were negative for evidence of infection or rheumatoid arthritis. An arthrotomy was done in seven patients. Specimens of the synovial tissue showed no growth on culture, and the histological studies revealed only minimum signs of inflammation. Histological studies of the articular cartilage were normal. Treatment consisted of administration of acetylsalicylic acid in therapeutic dosages to maintain a blood salicylate level of fifteen to twenty-five milligrams per cent, active non-loading exercise of the hip, protected weight-bearing with crutches, short-term traction to overcome or relieve contractures after biopsy, iliopsoas tenotomy or lengthening in three patients, and an adductor myotomy in one patient. At follow-up, 2.3 to 9.4 years after onset (mean, 6.2 years), six patients had either no symptoms or only minor intermittent discomfort in the hip. On radiographic examination, although these six patients had restoration of the joint space they did have lateral overgrowth of the femoral head (lateral buttressing) and overgrowth of the lateral acetabular margin (lateral osteophyte). In three patients who had disabling pain, joint deterioration was evident on the radiographic examination. One of these patients had a resurfacing arthroplasty to relieve pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Total hip and total knee arthroplasty in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is indicated for patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) when marked joint destruction is present and pain or deformity compromises function despite optimal medical therapy. Relief of pain, reduction of the deformity, and dramatic improvement in functional status and quality of life can be achieved in most patients. Functional impairment and deformity rather than pain are usually the primary indications for THA or TKA. When there is both hip and knee involvement, hip arthroplasty should probably be done first. Regional anesthetic appears to be the anesthetic of choice. Careful preoperative planning and the availability of custom and minisized components are essential. Small bone size, osteoporosis, and severe soft tissue disease make the surgery technically demanding. Skeletal immaturity may not contraindicate surgery if the patient is otherwise bedridden with progressive deformity. In the hip trochanteric osteotomy is often necessary for adequate exposure, with the possible exception being a patient with juvenile ankylosing spondylitis who is subject to heterotopic bone formation. Although complete capsulectomy and psoas tenotomy may be necessary to relieve a hip flexion contracture, a soft tissue release that produces leg lengthening may lead to nerve palsy. In the hip component loosening has been less common in patients with JRA than in other young patients who have undergone THA, but it is still the most frequent cause of failure. In the knee preoperative and postoperative serial casts can aid in the correction of severe flexion contracture. Secondary patellar pain has been the most common cause of late failure. Patellar resurfacing should probably be performed at the time of the original knee arthroplasty in all patients with JRA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Studies on steroid receptors in human and rabbit skeletal muscle - clues to the understanding of the mechanism of action of anabolic steroids.

The mechanism of action of steroid hormones in target tissues include the binding of the steroid molecule to specific receptors in the cytoplasm. Steroid receptors may therefore be regarded as mediators of hormone action. The presence of such receptors in tissues reflects their hormone-sensitivity and the receptor levels are indicative of the relative potential for a direct hormonal action on the tissue in question. Using 3H-labeled synthetic ligands and a charcoal adsorption assay, the presence of specific androgen, glucocorticoid and estrogen (in rabbits only) receptors was demonstrated in human and rabbit skeletal muscle cytosol. These tissues can therefore be regarded as targets for these steroids. Scatchard analysis was then used to quantitate the receptors in muscle in different conditions. In back muscle of scoliotic patients, the concentrations of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors were similar on the convex and concave sides, except the concentration of glucocorticoid receptors (per g of wet weight), which was higher on the convex side. The tissue concentration (per g of wet weight) of glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors (but not of androgen receptor) was higher in rabbit soleus (slow-twitch) muscle than in the gastrocnemius/plantaris (fast-twitch) muscle complex. When the concentrations were related to the number of nuclei (i.e. expressed per mg of DNA), however, only the estrogen receptor concentration differed between the muscles (higher in soleus). Muscle atrophy in rabbit gastrocnemius muscle was induced by tenotomy or denervation and led to similar changes with an increase with time in androgen and glucocorticoid receptor levels (expressed per g of wet weight or per mg of protein) and a concomitant loss of muscle weight and protein. The total muscle content of receptors or the receptor concentration expressed per mg of DNA were also increased, but to a lesser extent. Synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroids can act directly on skeletal muscle in view of their capacity to bind to the androgen receptor as shown in the present study. Relative binding affinities of anabolic-androgenic steroids to the androgen receptor were similar in rabbit and rat skeletal muscle and in rat prostate. The protein/DNA ratio in the muscle samples was used as an estimation of the size of the "functional DNA-unit". The results indicate that slow-twitch fibers have smaller "DNA units", but also that muscle atrophy causes a decrease of the size of the "DNA unit".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Androgens↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison of the therapeutic results at the end of growth of dislocation of the hips diagnosed at the time of walking and treated by slow reduction and correction of the axis of the femoral neck with or without arthrotomy (open reduction)].

The study concerns the results at the end of growth of an homogeneous series of congenital dislocation hips, treated by slow reduction, and secondary femoral neck osteotomy. Some of these hips were initially treated orthopaedically, others were operated for open reduction, more often, on account of a principle of treatment than due to necessity. The comparison of these two series allows the conclusion that the nocivity of the surgical procedure was demonstrated in most cases. The study demonstrated some harmful actions in the treatment of congenital dislocation hip at the age of walking. According to the authors, they aggravate the rate of deformities due to vascular lesions. The authors stress some therapeutic necessities, and describe their present attitude towards these hip dislocations. Their attitude is based upon a mild reduction, under progressive traction, abduction, and medial rotation. Tenotomies are, if necessary, performed previously. A plaster immobilization is then applied, until a sufficient penetration of the femoral head into covering acetabulum. In most cases, an abnormal femoral neck orientation was corrected by an osteotomy. An innominate osteotomy to improve the cover of the head was only performed when the centering of the head remained imperfect. By modifying an already ancient technique, which was proved by 84% good results in a series of 112 hips reviewed at the end of growth, the authors expect an actual decrease of the late trophic deformities.

Age Factors↗