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PubMed1989

[The complex serologic diagnosis of typhoid fever].

A parallel serological study of the blood sera of typhoid patients has been made by the methods of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and the indirect hemagglutination test with a view to establish the presence of soluble typhoid antigens and their corresponding antibodies. As shown in this study, the occurrence of Salmonella typhi O- and Vi-antigens is essentially higher than the content of specific antibodies in diagnostically significant titers.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Widal reaction and phenotypes in children with typhoid fever (preliminary study)].

Recognition of genetic heterogeneity in typhoid fever patients might allow studies on the behaviour of definite cohorts regarding this infection, which would be important for clinical and epidemiological purposes. Under the hypothesis that agglutinins response (Widal test) is a suitable phenotype for this objective, associations between results of this response at admission (positive and negative) and clinical and hematological variables were explored in 91 children with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever, admitted to a metropolitan hospital at Santiago, Chile, during 1981-82 period. Association between gender and negative Widal test was found in males when this test was performed during the third week of disease (OR = 10, p = 0.52) as well as a tendency of females to express figures below the mean for total WBC count in patients older than 10 years (OR = 2.43, p = 0.019) and for neutrophils (%) in younger than this age when the Widal test was negative in the latter (OR = 10, p = 0.016). These preliminary findings suggest that Widal test and gender might interact for determining the presumptive heterogeneity in this children group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Efficacy of ofloxacin in treating typhoid fever].

We studied 75 patients (36 males and 39 females), suffering from typhoid fever. 64 patients were treated with ofloxacin and 11 with amikacin, dosage regimens of the two drugs were 300 mg and 300-400 mg twice daily. Clinical effective rate was 100% with ofloxacin and 36.4% with amikacin. A total of 72 strains of salmonella typhi was isolated from all the patients of both groups. Bacteriological elimination rate was 100% with ofloxacin after treatment. Sensitive rates for S. Typhi isolated was 100% with ofloxacin, norfloxacin and ceftriaxone, 98.6% with amikacin and 20-21.4% with chloramphenicol, ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole Co. There were fewer adverse reactions and better acceptance, one had skin rash and one had gastrointestinal disturbance. In amikacin group, abnormality of urine routine and serum creatinine was observed. Ofloxacin was well absorbed orally. Its high bioavailability, satisfactory therapeutic efficacy excellent tolerability and convenience for use make it a very useful medication in the therapy of typhoid fever resulted from multiresistant strains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The manifestations of an epidemic process of typhoid infection in Moscow].

The work deals with the results of typhoid morbidity in Moscow for the period of 1980-1988. The morbidity rate varied from 0.98 to 0.17 cases per 100,000 of population with a tendency towards decrease. In the structure of morbidity local cases accounted for 46.8% and cases of infection contacted outside Moscow accounted for 53.2%. The morbidity level was low throughout the whole territory, only in two districts morbidity rate was significantly higher (P = 95%) than the average morbidity rate in the whole of the city. In the group of local cases morbidity had no pronounced seasonal character, in contrast to cases due to infection contacted outside the city which were mostly registered in summer and autumn. Persons aged 21-30 years were found to be the most affected age group. The general factors, and not the contact route, are supposed to play the main role in the realization of the mechanism of infection transfer. Under modern conditions, some manifestations of the epidemic process of typhoid infection can be detected only at the level of the whole city, or even the whole country.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A classical but unknown cause of peritoneal effusion disclosed by echography. Typhoid fever].

Two cases of peritoneal effusion discovered by sonography in patients with typhoid fever are reported. These peritoneal effusions have no pejorative value; only clinical findings can differentiate these simple effusions from a perforative thyphoid peritonitis, which is exceptional nowadays. Typhoid fever, among other febrile diseases should be considered when ultrasounds shows an isolated peritoneal effusion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of Salmonella typhi culture in patients with suspected typhoid fever, treated in the Department of Child Health Medical School, Padjadjaran University, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.

From October to December 1984, examination has been carried out on Salmonella-typhi cultures from blood, bone marrow, faeces and urine of 43 patients suffering from suspected typhoid fever treated in the Department of Child Health, Medical School/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. It was apparent that among these 43 patients, 51.2% were males and 48.8% females. The greater number of them were more than 5 years old (64.4%). The results of Salmonella-typhi cultures were obtained from 65% of the patients, consisting of 65% positive cultures from bone-marrow and 40% positive cultures from blood that showed a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05). Likewise, the time for matter-sampling for the examinations was based on the culture results, both on blood-culture and that of bone-marrow, statistically a significant was found (p less than 0.05), whereas the results of cultures based on previous vaccination history and the administration of chloramphenicol prior to treatment did not differ significantly. It was obviously clear that the results of bone-marrow culture were more successful compared to those from blood culture, so that it should necessarily be emphasized, as to these examinations on culture from each patient with suspected typhoid fever, especially those patients hospitalized during the third week of their illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Severe reversible myopathy due to typhoid.

An 18-year-old Black male presented to hospital with a fever and inability to walk due to severe proximal myopathy. He was found to have typhoid, and marked elevation of the creatine phosphokinase with myoglobinuria was recorded. After appropriate antibiotic therapy the creatine phosphokinase level returned to normal and the patient made a complete recovery. Although neuropsychiatric manifestations have been commonly recorded in typhoid, the complication of a myopathy has not been frequently noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrastructural pathology of the liver in abdominal typhoid].

Light and electron microscopies were applied to examine liver punctates from 10 patients with typhoid fever. Both in the full swing of the disease and in clinical recovery (convalescence), dystrophic and necrobiotic changes along with focal cell death were found to occur in the hepatocytes, endothelial and Kupffer cells covering the sinuses. The protein-synthesizing system and mitochondria were demonstrated to be primarily destroyed. The microbes of typhoid fever were located in the hepatocytes, endothelial and Kupffer cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in typhoid fever complicated by severe enterorrhagia (apropos a patient successfully treated by surgery)].

The case history of a 69-year-old patient with typhoid fever is described. The disease ran an atypical course; with early jaundice syndrome, severe enterorrhagia and late appearance of roseola. He was successfully treated by surgical intervention--hemicolectomy. The need of surgical treatment of patients with typhoid fever, who have severe, life-threatening enterorrhagia, is emphasized.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Complications of typhoid fever].

The authors report the complications noted in the course of 120 cases of typhoid fever. Intestinal hemorrhages and ileal perforations were the most frequent complications observed, respectively, among 12.5% and 3.3% of patients. Neuropsychiatric manifestations were also frequent: 6.7% of cases. Only one death was noted (0.8%). According to this high rate of complications, typhoid fever must be managed under hospital conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Two to three days treatment of typhoid fever with ceftriaxone.

Pharmacokinetic properties of ceftriaxone, such as sustained tissue drug levels over 24 hours after a single injection; good penetration of the antibiotic into cells; significant biliary excretion as active unchanged compound and high potency against S. typhi, should make it possible to significantly shorten the treatment of typhoid fever. To test this hypothesis a pilot, open study was initiated. 17 adult patients suffering from uncomplicated typhoid or paratyphoid fever, documented by blood culture, were treated with 4g ceftriaxone once daily for three days (4 patients) or two days (15 patients). The cure rate of 17 assessable patients was 94.2% (one failure). One possible relapse was observed two months after treatment. It is to be noted that no patient in the study suffered from a severe form of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

An outbreak of typhoid fever due to contamination of the municipal water supply in northern Israel.

An outbreak of typhoid fever followed a large outbreak of dysentery in northern Israel. Both outbreaks resulted from contamination of a drilled well that supplied water to the municipal water system. The well was contaminated with sewage from a broken main-pipe coming from Shefaram (an Arab town). The outbreak of typhoid involved 77 persons, of whom 75 were hospitalized. In 67, phage-type C1 (the phage type dominant in Shefaram since the 1950s) was isolated. The incubation period was relatively long, between 12 and 40 days (median 22) following exposure. Over 50% of the cases were children aged 0 to 14, and only two patients were older than 35 years; the sex ratio among the patients was 1:1. The incidence rate in Shefaram was 2.3 times higher than in the Krayot (outlying suburbs of Haifa). This difference was due mainly to the high incidence in young females in Shefaram. The opposite was observed during the outbreak of dysentery, when the attack rates of the disease were higher in the Krayot. Relapses occurred in 12% (9 cases). This outbreak demonstrates the potential that still exists for serious outbreaks due to contamination of the municipal water supply.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Characteristics of the immunity in typhoid infection associated with opisthorchiasis].

Typhoid infection developing in persons with opisthorchiasis is characterized by the appearance of pronounced systemic immunity, that ensures a more favorable clinical course of this infection and promotes a decrease in the occurrence of diarrheal phenomena and bacteremia. At the same time, in typhoid patients, simultaneously affected by opisthorchiasis, a more intensive release of the infective agent into the environment is observed. This seemingly demonstrates the presence of disturbances in the local protective mechanisms regulating the process of the release of bacteria on the level of the gastrointestinal tract.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1988

[The relation of the acetylation phenotype to the predisposition to typhoid fever and its clinical course].

Altogether 33 typhoid fever convalescents and 36 contacts of a control group were examined during an epidemic outbreak. In one year 17 former patients and 65 controls (persons who had been at the center of the outbreak but contracted no disease) were examined. Norsulfazole was used as a model agent to study an acetylation phenotype. Unimodal distribution of a degree of norsulfazole distribution was noted in the convalescents, bimodal distribution in the controls and patients examined in one year. Persons with a rapid type of acetylation were more predisposed to typhoid fever, and intoxication in them was more noticeable.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1988

[Prognosis of typhoid morbidity in a region of northern new construction projects].

The mathematical model describing the dependence of typhoid fever morbidity on water supply and the migration of the population has been constructed. The checking of the model has shown the 95% coincidence of the predicted and actual morbidity. The model has been used for the prognostication of morbidity rate in typhoid fever in new economic development regions, thus making it possible to plan in advance the measures necessary for the prevention of negative consequences connected with the realization of economic development projects.

Cold Climate↗
PubMed1988

Typhoid fever in pregnancy.

Fourteen cases of typhoid fever complicating pregnancy are presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by blood cultures in 13 patients and by a rising Widal titer in one. Stool cultures were positive in only two out of five patients; urine cultures in 12 patients and cervical cultures in five patients were all negative. The clinical presentation was similar to the description in older reports, except for the absence of relative bradycardia. Hypothermic response to antipyretics was frequently observed. Patients were treated with either chloramphenicol, ampicillin, or amoxicillin, with satisfactory response. Typhoid fever diagnosed in the latter part of the second trimester and third trimester and treated early did not seem to alter the neonatal outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Age-related immunological characteristics in typhoid fever and their significance in the clinical manifestations of the disease].

The results of the comparison of the pattern of specific typhoid exanthema, as well as the time of its appearance, in elderly and senile patients and in young patients are presented; besides, some characteristics of humoral immunity in these groups of patients are compared. This comparison has revealed that in typhoid fever in elderly and senile patients roseola typhosa is more rare, while the phenomenon of eruption is more frequent than in young patients. The differences in the manifestation of exanthema, observed in patients of different age groups, are due to less intensive and regular antibody formation in elderly and senile patients, as well as to the decreased activity of their altered blood vessels of the skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Characteristics of the mechanisms of the immune response in typhoid fever and the bacterial carrier state].

During the acute period of typhoid fever, as well as in the early and, partially, late convalescence periods, a considerable increase in the level of T-lymphocytes and their helper activity and, in some cases, in the number of B- and D-cells and the populations of neutrophils with receptors for C3 and Fc IgG was observed. In chronic carriers immune shifts of a different character have been recorded: an increase in suppressor activity and a decrease in the number of the above-mentioned neutrophils. These data prompt the use of immunological criteria for the prediction of chronic carrier state in typhoid fever.

Adult↗