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PubMedDate not supplied

Family relationships of the mastectomy patient: interactions with the spouse and children.

The relationships of the breast cancer patient who has undergone mastectomy with her spouse and children can undergo many drastic changes. The data indicate that male partners who are more involved in decision making and hospital visitation are more supportive and cope better themselves. Nonviewing of the surgical site can be a joint psychological problem not confined to the female patients only. Children will tend to express their distress in indirect and potentially symptomatic ways. The symptoms may differ between preadolescents and adolescents. Adolescent girls may be at special risk when their mothers have undergone mastectomy; maternal envy and competitiveness may result in increased friction between mother and daughter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Best laid plans...pre and postpartum comparison of self and spouse concepts in primiparous Lamaze couples who share delivery and those who do not.

The present study investigated pre and postpartum attitudes toward self, spouse, and ideal of 47 primiparous couples who chose the psychoprophylactic (Lamaze) method of childbirth, 34 who were able to share the delivery as planned (y/y), and 13 who were blocked from doing so due to complications necessitating cesarean sections (y/n). Osgood Semantic Differential ratings revealed that both y/n men and women perceived self and various ideal concepts lower pre and postnatally than did y/y subjects. Both groups of women showed statistically significant increases pre-post in activity for several concepts, with y/n women also showing increases in potency for the ideal woman. The y/n husbands showed no statistically significant pre-post gains, while the y/y husbands widened a statistically significant gain pre-post on the activity dimension for self. Implications for nursing practice and for further research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Support needs of spouses of cardiac patients.

A focus group approach was used to determine the perceived support needs of cardiac patients' significant others. Data were gathered during four focus groups of 2-6 people for a total of 13 informants. Two open-ended questions guided the discussion: (a) What was it like for a person to have someone close have a sudden heart problem? (b) What kind of support is needed during the experience? Informants included spouses of cardiac patients who were newly enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Discussion sessions were tape recorded. Transcripts were analyzed by using grounded theory. Results revealed three core categories: perceptions, needs, and strategies. Categories differed according to three phases of the illness: finding out, hospitalization, and recovery. The model differs in perceptions, needs, and strategies for support in each phase. Nurses can use this model to understand the needs of significant others and plan support interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Participation of spouses of neurotic inpatients on the neurotic's views pertaining to their superiors and place of employment].

In a total of 72 sessions, 40 neurotic patients and their partners in marriage, who were interrogated separately, expressed their views of the superiors and employers of the patients. Statistical analyses showed that there was a great similarity between the comments made by the patients and their spouses. The basic psychodynamic process of identification was considered responsible for this. Six modes of identification with the neurotic partner were described. Also discussed by the author are the value and limits of "objective anamnesis". The need for including the entire family in the program of therapy is pointed out.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1995

Attributions about spouse abuse in cases of bidirectional battering.

A particularly misunderstood type of domestic violence is the type of incident where both partners are violent, for example, where one partner is violent and the other is violent in self-defense. The present study examined third-party attributions about such battering. Subjects read a fictitious newspaper report of a domestic battering incident and then filled out rating scales about the participants and the event. The scenario described either an "asymmetric battering" incident where one party instigated the violence and was much more violent than the other, or an incident which was more of a mutual fight (symmetric battering). Both scenarios ended with one person seriously injuring the other. Each scenario had two versions, in which either the husband or the wife instigated the violence. Results showed that the person who had instigated the violence was judged more harshly and was given more responsibility for their actions in both the symmetric and asymmetric battering conditions. The less violent partner in the asymmetric conditions was judged to have more right to use force. In the symmetric battering, both parties were assigned blame.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Frequency and difficulty in caregiving among spouses of individuals with cancer: effects of adult attachment and gender.

How caregivers relate to care recipients can affect how well care is provided and how much burden is experienced in providing it. We conceptualized the relationship of spousal caregivers via adult attachment theory and examined how attachment qualities of caregivers related to level of caregiving involvement and difficulties in caregiving. Gender differences in the associations were also explored. From participants in the ACS Quality of Life Survey for Caregivers, 400 spousal caregivers provided valid data for the study variables. Findings indicated that frequency of various types of care was a joint function of attachment orientation and gender. In contrast, the difficulty that caregivers experienced in providing care related directly to attachment, without moderation by gender. Our findings suggest that ineffective caregivers of cancer patients, who can be identified by their attachment orientation and/or gender, may benefit from educational programs to improve their caregiving skills and to encourage them to utilize resources from other family members or community.

Attitude↗
PubMed2004

Psychosocial impact of breast cancer surgeries in Chinese patients and their spouses.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This pilot study assesses the psychosocial impact of different modalities of breast cancer surgery in Chinese patients and their husbands. METHODS: Thirty-six patients who underwent conservative breast therapy (BCT) for breast cancer were compared with 36 women who underwent total mastectomy (TM) on four aspects of psychosocial adjustment. They were matched in pairs in terms of stage of disease, age and time since surgery. Where available, their husbands were also consented for similar assessment. RESULTS: Women who underwent BCT showed a significantly better response to their body and sexual image than those who underwent TM. This difference did not translate into any significant difference in terms of emotional and symptomatic aspects, daily activities, or fear of recurrences. The husbands of patients in the TM group showed significantly more emotional and symptomatic distress and greater change in the perception of their wives' body and sexual images. CONCLUSION: This is the first of such study conducted in a Chinese population. The lack of differences in certain psychosocial aspects may indicate a generally good adjustment in the TM patients after their surgery. It may also relate to the fact that volunteers for the study were themselves representative only of the patient population who adapted well to the surgery, and those patients who were emotionally distressed tended to decline to participate. Psychosocial disruption in the patients' families is reflected in our study where patients' husbands in the TM group were significantly more disturbed. However, due to the limited number of patients studied, the findings are not yet conclusive and require further studies for confirmation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Alcohol and spouse abuse ethnic differences.

This chapter examines theoretical and empirical evidence on the interplay between ethnicity, structural and cultural factors, and alcohol-related assaults against wives and considers whether there is a differential vulnerability to such assaults among varying ethnic groups. Our review demonstrated that structural factors emerged as dominant in their influence on alcohol-related wife assaults in varying ethnic groups. The empirical evidence, though limited, showed that the linkages between drinking and wife beating are not just a problem of poor ethnic minorities. Heavy drinking per se is associated similarly in Hispanic-American and Anglo-American families. However, we also identified differences among Hispanic subgroups, as well as cultural variations in drinking patterns that differentially affected wife assaults. Although data on alcohol-wife assault relationships among African Americans are extremely limited, the available evidence indicates little or no effect of drinking by African-American men on wife assaults, after taking other socioeconomic variables into account. Empirical evidence did not support the saliency of particular cultural beliefs favoring violence toward women as intrinsic to any one ethnic group. The major cultural differences in alcohol-related cognitions are consistent with the greater legitimation of alcohol-related misbehavior and the acceptance of "machismo" drinking by Hispanic Americans compared to Anglo-Americans.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1996

Cumulative trauma: the impact of child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and spouse abuse.

The present study investigated the relationship between trauma symptoms and a history of child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and physical abuse by a partner as an adult. While there has been some research examining the correlation between individual victimization experiences and traumatic stress, the cumulative impact of multiple victimization experiences has not been addressed. Subjects were recruited from psychological clinics and community advocacy agencies. Additionally, a nonclinical undergraduate student sample was evaluated. The results of this study indicate not only that victimization and revictimization experiences are frequent, but also that the level of trauma specific symptoms are significantly related to the number of different types of reported victimization experiences. The research and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Social adjustment and spouse relationships among women with stress incontinence before and after surgical treatment.

Forty-five women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and their partners have been interviewed three months before and one year after surgical treatment to investigate the social consequences of their impairment. One year after surgery 76% of the women reported that they were cured (group A, n = 34) and 24% that they were improved (group B, n = 11). The cured women were significantly younger than the improved women. The duration of urinary leakage before the operation was significantly shorter in group A than in group B. One year post surgery group A reported a significantly decrease in impediments to exert certain tasks due to urine leakage. As concerns leisure time, group A reported a higher level of overall activities before surgery than group B, whereas postsurgery both groups obtained about the same level of activities. Regarding social support, no differences between the groups occurred as concerns attachment. Furthermore, group A women showed a significantly higher degree of adequacy of social integration compared with group B. The majority of the couples could openly discuss sexual matters with their partners and were satisfied with their sexual life. More than half of the interviewed men reported an increase in sexual desire one year after their partners operation. Whereas about every third woman in both groups reported an increase in sexual desire. However, the frequency of intercourse did not change in any groups. In conclusion, this study underlines the importance of social factors in the assessment of the consequences of stress urinary incontinence and its treatment.

Adult↗