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PubMed1986

Specific selection of osteosynthetic material in the treatment of thoracic or lumbar spinal injuries by the posterior approach. A review of 165 cases.

The authors report 165 cases of thoraco-lumbar lesions with neurological dysfunction. All the patient were operated. They analyze the neurological and mechanical results and indicate the use of different osteosynthesis apparatus according to the type and level of lesions. Harrington's rods seem to give more precise repositioning while Roy Camille's plates give more stability. When the posterior wall of the spinal canal is intact, Kempf's compression rods can be used. Thoraxic spine injuries seem to be an indication for Harrington's rods, while lumbar injuries seem to call for Camille's plates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The effects of low spinal injury on the latencies of cortical evoked responses from forelimb stimulation.

A previous report showed that following spinal cord transaction well below the C7 level in cats, later components of the cortical somatic evoked potential (SEP) (40 msec or longer) produced in response to median or radial nerve stimulation were abnormal (Katz et al., 1977). Evidence presented here shows that early components of the radial nerve SEP are also altered following spinal cord transection. Latencies of both early and late components were increased as higher functional transections of the spinal cord were made. This monotonic increase in latency of the primary components supports the hypothesis that the results may be due to increasing loss of excitatory input. Correlation of latency change with level of injury may serve as a useful diagnostic tool.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of methylprednisolone with dexamethasone in treatment of acute spinal injury in rats.

Effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) and its comparison with dexamethasone in experimentally induced acute spinal cord compression in adult rats was studied. The rats were divided into group A (control) and group B, which was subdivided into B1, B2, B3 where MPSS was given after 1, 8 and 24 hr and B4 where dexamethasone was given after 1 hr of cord injury respectively. Proper neurological evaluation was done with mobility, running and climbing score. Recovery index was evaluated for 7 days. After sacrificing the rats, spinal cord was observed histopathologically. Mean recovery index and microscopic findings based on hemorrhage in gray and white matter, neuronal degeneration, hematomyelia and edema in white matter were recorded. The results suggested that MPSS was effective in promoting post-traumatic clinical and histological recovery and to a greater extent, when given 1 hr after trauma. MPSS is more effective than dexamethasone in reducing edema when both are given after interval of 1 hr.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Extension and regeneration of corticospinal axons after early spinal injury and the maintenance of corticospinal topography.

It has been established that neonatal corticospinal (CS) axons are able to grow around lesions of the spinal cord early in neonacy (Bernstein and Stelzner, J. Comp. Neurol. 221:382-400; Firkins, Bates, and Stelzner, Exp. Neurol., 120:1-15). To determine if these corticospinal axons include regenerating as well as late developing axons a double-labeling paradigm is used in which CS neurons are retrogradely labeled from the cervical spinal cord by injections of fast blue (FB) on Postnatal Day (PND) 2, 4, or 10. Two days later, the FB is aspirated along with the left dorsal funiculus and the right hemicord (CHR). As adults, the animals receive an injection of diamidino yellow (DY) or rhodamine into the spinal cord caudal to the lesion site. Thus, FB neurons are those that originally projected to the spinal cord before the lesion and which survived axotomy, DY neurons are those whose axons reached the spinal cord after the lesion, and double-labeled neurons (FB/DY) are cells which projected to the spinal cord prior to the lesion and regenerated a spinal axon postlesion. Animals FB injected on PND 2 have a widespread distribution of FB-labeled neurons in cortex, including areas outside of sensorimotor cortex. These animals also had both DY- and FB/DY-labeled cells within sensorimotor cortex, indicating that the population of axons growing caudal to neonatal spinal lesions consists of both late growing and regenerating axons. In animals FB injected on PND 10, the FB neurons were all located in sensorimotor cortex. Very few DY and no FB/DY neurons were present. We have also looked at the topography of the CS neurons which project caudal to early spinal lesions. Rat pups received a CHR on PND 0, 3, 6, or 12. As adults, horseradish peroxidase was injected into the cervical or lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord and the distribution of labeled cells in the cerebral cortex was plotted and compared to normal and lesioned adult controls. In all experimental animals, the distribution of retrogradely labeled cells was restricted to the area containing CS projection neurons in the normal animal. This is despite the fact that the number of CS projection neurons is greatly reduced from normal and the normal pathway for CS axonal outgrowth has been completely disrupted by the neonatal lesion.

Amidines↗