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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A QTL resource and comparison tool for pigs: PigQTLDB.

During the past decade, efforts to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) in pigs have resulted in hundreds of QTL being reported for growth, meat quality, reproduction, disease resistance, and other traits. It is a challenge to locate, interpret, and compare QTL results from different studies. We have developed a pig QTL database (PigQTLdb) that integrates available pig QTL data in the public domain, thus, facilitating the use of this QTL data in future studies. We also developed a pig trait classification system to standardize names of traits and to simplify organization and searching of the trait data. These steps made it possible to compare primary data from diverse sources and methods. We used existing pig map databases and other publicly available data resources (such as PubMed) to avoid redundant developmental work. The PigQTLdb was also designed to include data representing major genes and markers associated with a large effect on economically important traits. To date, over 790 QTL from 73 publications have been curated into the database. Those QTL cover more than 300 different traits. The data have been submitted to the Entrez Gene and the Map Viewer resources at NCBI, where the information about markers was matched to marker records in NCBI's UniSTS database. Having these data in a public resource like NCBI allows regularly updated automatic matching of markers to public sequence data by e-PCR. The submitted data, and the results of these calculations, are retrievable from NCBI via Entrez Gene, Map Viewer, and UniSTS. Efforts were undertaken to improve the integrated functional genomics resources for pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Marine resources subsidize insular rodent populations in the Gulf of California, Mexico.

Inputs of energy and nutrients from one ecosystem may subsidize consumers in adjacent ones, with significant consequences for local communities and food webs. We used stable isotope and faecal pellet analysis to quantify use of ocean-derived resources by small mammals on islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Rodents were live-trapped on grids originating near shore and extending 125-200 m inland to evaluate the extent to which rodents transport marine nutrients inland, and to determine whether marine foods subsidize island populations, permitting higher densities than would be possible based on terrestrial resources alone. Both faeces and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes revealed that omnivorous mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) consume ocean-derived prey, including littoral and supralittoral invertebrates, and that their diets differed markedly from those of granivorous rodents (Chaetodipus rudinoris). On a small, seabird roosting island, marine prey were important in the diet of mice regardless of their proximity to shore, underscoring the pervasive influence of the ocean on small islands with relatively large coastline area. On a large island, however, consumption of marine foods declined sharply > or =50 m from shore, which suggests that mice are poor conduits of inland movement of energy and nutrients from the sea. Marine resources seemed to act as subsidies for omnivorous rodents: more P. maniculatus were captured near shore than farther inland and there was an inverse relationship between island area and rodent abundance, suggesting that small islands with large amounts of marine inputs support the highest population densities. Patterns of local and island-wide abundance of P. maniculatus are likely the result of several interacting factors, including frustrated dispersal, competition with C. rudinoris, and the absence of predators. We speculate, however, that the availability of marine resources allows P. maniculatus to reach high densities and to persist on small islands in the Gulf despite low and unpredictable terrestrial productivity. Spatial trophic subsidies thus provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the widely reported inverse relationship between population density and island or habitat area.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Endemic Mimosa species can serve as mycorrhizal "resource islands" within semiarid communities of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico.

This paper explores if Mimosa species (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae) can serve as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and nutrient "resource islands" in six plant communities in the semiarid valley of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Mexico. Spatial heterogeneity related to the occurrence of Mimosa species results in temporal differences in AM-fungal spore numbers and soil nutrients. A higher number of AM-fungal spores were found in the soil below the canopies of six endemic Mimosa species than in the soil from non-vegetated areas. For four species, Mimosa adenantheroides, Mimosa calcicola, Mimosa luisana and Mimosa polyantha, the soil below their canopies had more AM-fungal spores than the soil in non-vegetated areas during the wet season than during the dry season. Two species, Mimosa lacerata and Mimosa texana var. filipes, however, had more spores under their canopies during the dry season than during the wet season. Although physical differences are present within and between sites, in general the soil below the canopies of Mimosa species had significantly higher nutrient levels than the soil from non-vegetated areas. Mimosa species thus form "resource islands" that are not only rich in nutrients but also in mycorrhizal propagules. Mimosa species can serve as mycorrhizal "resource islands" by directly affecting AM-fungal spore dynamics and/or by serving as spore-traps. A range of plants associated with Mimosa species may benefit from the higher number of AM propagules. We believe that the use of Mimosa resource islands as an option for biodiversity conservation and for land restoration ought to be considered in the Valley.

Desert Climate↗
PubMed1996

Viability of resource theories in explaining time-sharing performance.

The primary objective of the present research was to test for performance tradeoff induced by priority instructions with the purportedly unbiased optimum-maximum method. In experiment 1, performance tradeoff was observed when the tracking task was optimized but not when the Sternberg memory task was optimized. It was hypothesized that the tracking task was protected by peripheral vision when subjects focused on the optimized memory task. The second experiment tested the generality of the results with additional variations of the task pairs selected to represent different degrees of shared resources. The extent of performance tradeoff and time-sharing efficiency varied systematically with the extent of predicted resource overlap between the time-shared tasks. The observed performance tradeoff was strongly indicative of subjects' voluntary allocation control. Further, subjective ratings suggested that such control was effortful. These results were supportive of multiple resource theories and the viability of resource explanation of task interference.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An object oriented decision support system for the planning of health resource allocation.

The health resource allocation problem is discussed in this paper. An object-oriented system, which consists of two parts is proposed and its implemented prototype is illustrated. The first part consists of a Geographical Information System which is able to acquire and store both geographical information regarding the territory under investigation and the socio-epidemiological information and the resource distribution in that moment on the same territory. The second part refers to the strategies and the relative algorithms carried out (using a Decision Support System) to obtain the best solution (allocation of new resources optimizing the cost/benefit ratio) after that the user has fixed a goal (e.g., the decrease of the incidence of a given disease) and has defined some constraints (e.g., a fixed budget, a given set of available resources, etc.). The object-oriented database stores different scenarios, depending on the different goals and constraints defined in input. A user friendly interface was also implemented.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1983

Allocation of family resources for health care in rural Haiti.

A household survey of 230 episodes of infant and child illness in rural Haiti was analyzed to identify sociocultural and environmental factors that determine allocation of family resources for health care. The analysis tested the hypothesis that expenditures of time and money would vary according to expectations about the prognosis for the disease in question, the age and sex of the child, the household composition and family structure, and seasonal fluctuations in weather and financial resources. The results show that these factors are significant predictors of resource allocation, although they do not always produce the kind of influence that was hypothesized. The findings emphasize the importance of cultural and ecological variables, as well as of purely medical and economic factors, in understanding family response to illness. The importance of nonmonetary resources (such as the free time available to adult family members) in that response is also indicated. The study has methodological and practical implications for Haiti and other areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Costs and resource utilization for the treatment of incomplete abortion in Kenya and Mexico.

In much of the developing world, sharp curettage (SC) is the most commonly used technique for treating incomplete abortion. The procedure is usually performed in a hospital setting where physicians and operating theatres are available; it often involves light to heavy sedation for pain control and an overnight hospital stay for patient recuperation and monitoring. This study examined the hypothesis that use of manual vacuum aspiration (MVA)--a variation of vacuum aspiration (VA)--would be less costly than SC and thus be advantageous to healthcare systems with limited resources. The purpose of the study was to identify and, where possible, to explain the factors that contributed to cost differences between MVA and SC for treatment of incomplete abortion. To achieve this objective, researchers observed patient management and documented resource use at hospital sites in Kenya and Mexico. The results of the study support the researchers' hypothesis that, in most cases, treatment with MVA required a shorter patient stay and fewer hospital resources than SC, as the two techniques were practiced at the various study sites. The policy decision to adopt MVA, supported by procurement of instruments and incorporation of training in its use, is the basic prerequisite to achieving reduced levels of resource use. The study results also suggest that the full advantages of MVA can be realized only if it is introduced in conjunction with certain changes in patient management, such as offering outpatient treatment for incomplete abortion.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed1987

Organizational resources in support of patient education programs: relationship to reported delivery of instruction.

Two studies of patient education programs tested hypotheses regarding the relationship between structural, attitudinal, and resource variables and reported receipt of instruction by patients and delivery of instruction by providers. Three predictor variables--degree of structure for implementation, provider perception of reinforcement for doing patient education, and perceived payoffs from the program, were significantly related to measures of the dependent variable. Age of the program, administrator support for social change and staff support for the program, did not show significant relationships with receipt/delivery of instruction. Future studies might investigate: how coordinative functions are carried out rather than whether a coordinator for the program has been named, the relationship between financial condition of the hospital and ability to deliver patient education services, and the relationship between patient education resources and outcome variables such as health care services used and cost. Research about resources necessary to ensure adequate delivery of instruction to patients is as important as is research about resources necessary to ensure adequate delivery of instruction to patients is as important as is research about the design of instruction.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1994

Health-seeking resources and adaptive functioning in depressed and nondepressed adults.

Psychiatric mental health nurses remain challenged to develop theory-based strategies that assist depressed clients toward more productive, healthy lifestyles. This comparative study examined health-seeking resources, depressive symptoms, and adaptive functioning in matched groups of 63 depressed inpatients and 63 nondepressed adults. Results indicated high scores on measures of health-seeking resources correlated with high scores in adaptive functioning in both groups. Significant predictors of adaptive functioning were absence of depressive symptoms (nondepressed group) and learned resourcefulness (depressed group). Findings support Schlotfeldt's health-seeking model which explicates the significance of strengthening health-seeking resources to promote adaptive functioning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

A human chromosome 7 yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) resource: construction, characterization, and screening.

The paradigm of sequence-tagged site (STS)-content mapping involves the systematic assignment of STSs to individual cloned DNA segments. To date, yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) represent the most commonly employed cloning system for constructing STS maps of large genomic intervals, such as whole human chromosomes. For developing a complete YAC-based STS-content map of human chromosome 7, we wished to utilize a limited set of YAC clones that were highly enriched for chromosome 7 DNA. Toward that end, we have assembled a human chromosome 7 YAC resource that consists of three major components: (1) a newly constructed library derived from a human-hamster hybrid cell line containing chromosome 7 as its only human DNA; (2) a chromosome 7-enriched sublibrary derived from the CEPH mega-YAC collection by Alu-polymerase chain reaction (Alu-PCR)-based hybridization; and (3) a set of YACs isolated from several total genomic libraries by screening for > 125 chromosome 7 STSs. In particular, the hybrid cell line-derived YACs, which comprise the majority of the clones in the resource, have a relatively low chimera frequency (10-20%) based on mapping isolated insert ends to panels of human-hamster hybrid cell lines and analyzing individual clones by fluorescence in situ hybridization. An efficient strategy for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening of this YAC resource, which totals 4190 clones, has been developed and utilized to identify corresponding YACs for > 600 STSs. The results of this initial screening effort indicate that the human chromosome 7 YAC resource provides an average of 6.9 positive clones per STS, a level of redundancy that should support the assembly of large YAC contigs and the construction of a high-resolution STS-content map of the chromosome.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Postgraduate radiology training in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of current educational resources.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Postgraduate training programs in radiology exist in several African nations. The ability of these programs to train radiologists is necessarily affected by local availability of educational resources, including clinical case volume, radiology equipment and maintenance, number of teaching faculty, and library and computer facilities. We sought to determine the current resources of a sample of African radiology education programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Site visits were conducted at three separate radiology training programs, one in Ghana and two in South Africa. At each site, the investigator conducted a technology census, assessed library resources, observed daily trainee activities, and interviewed trainees, faculty, and statisticians. RESULTS: African radiology trainees receive considerable training in fluoroscopy, ultrasound, and plain film radiography, but receive considerably less training in nuclear medicine, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, and interventional radiology. A large amount of equipment in African teaching hospitals is inoperative because of lack of maintenance programs. Faculty to resident ratios in African teaching hospitals are much lower than in American hospitals. Needs of training programs vary greatly from hospital to hospital, and from country to country. CONCLUSION: Radiologists, radiology organizations, and radiology vendors from high-income nations are in a unique position to help Africa's postgraduate radiology training programs fulfill their mission of training Africa's next generation of radiologists. It is desirable that long-term commitments be made to teaching hospitals so that scarce donated resources may be put to the best possible use.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed2004

The effects of family resources, coping, and strains on family adjustment 18 to 24 months after the NICU experience.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of family coping, resources, and strains on family adjustment over time following the NICU experience. DESIGN: Longitudinal, correlational study based on the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation. SAMPLE: Data were collected, through mailed questionnaires, from 71 couples, 18 to 24 months following the birth of their infant. The data are a follow-up from a previous study conducted at the time of the infant's birth. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES: The dependent variable in the study was family adjustment, measured by the McMaster Family Assessment Device. The independent variables were family resources, as measured by the Family Inventory of Resource Management; family coping, as measured by the Family Crisis Oriented Evaluation Scales; family strain, as measured by the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes; and parent gender, family system (first-time parent or not), and the child's health, as measured by the Demographic Information Questionnaire. RESULTS: Family adjustment improved over time for mothers but decreased for fathers. Fathers of infants with ongoing health problems reported significantly poorer family adjustment. Family resources were related to family adjustment and decreased over time for both parents. Families used more coping mechanisms and different coping patterns over time.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2026

The Gabriella Miller Kids First Data Resource for genomic research in pediatric cancer and congenital anomalies.

Nine-year-old brain tumor patient Gabriella Miller challenged members of Congress to "stop talking and start doing" when providing federal funding for research into cures for pediatric cancer and congenital anomalies. Though she ultimately lost her life to that cancer, her advocacy efforts resulted in the 2014 Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act, launching the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The overarching goal of the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program is to help researchers uncover new insights into the biology of childhood cancer and congenital anomalies. Following the signing of the Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act 2.0 in January 2025, the program has been extended at NIH through 2028 to advance the groundwork laid in the program's first ten years. The Gabriella Miller Kids First Data Resource Center has since honored her legacy by building a comprehensive data resource for genomic research into pediatric conditions. Data from more than 30,000 participants annotated with demographic and clinical information related to their diagnoses have been released for secondary research and analysis using the center's web-based platforms. This paper analyzes the outcomes of the initiative and highlights breakthroughs made by the larger research community resulting from the availability of this data resource. We explore the future expansion of the data resource to include new modalities and tools for supporting life-saving research for children like Gabriella Miller.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Depressive symptoms and learned resourcefulness among Taiwanese female adolescents.

Depression in adolescents is a widespread problem and has negative consequences on mental health, including suicidal tendencies. Worldwide, this condition is twice as prevalent in females as in males. To identify factors that may affect the development of depression in female adolescents in Taiwan, a cross-sectional, correlational design was used to examine the relationships among stressors, learned resourcefulness, and depressive symptoms. Four hundred four Taiwanese female adolescents participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression were used to analyze data. The study findings suggested that low household income, dissatisfaction with grades, perceived poor health state, and poor peer relationships were significant stressors that contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. Adolescents with greater learned resourcefulness had fewer depressive symptoms. In addition, learned resourcefulness mediated the effects of perceived health and peer relationships on depressive symptoms. Health-care providers can use this knowledge to teach adolescents coping strategies such as use of learned resourcefulness to prevent depression and its negative consequences.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Emotion-based learning and central executive resources: an investigation of intuition and the Iowa Gambling Task.

The role of emotion in complex decision-making can be assessed on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a widely used neuropsychological measure that may tap a different aspect of executive function than that assessed by conventional measures. Most notably, the 'feeling' about which decks are good or bad, often described in relation to IGT performance, seems reminiscent of decision-making based on intuition-linked to a long history of research in decision-making contrasting the 'intuition' versus 'reasoning' styles of problem solving. To test the claim that the performance on the IGT relies more on emotion-based learning than conventional executive resources for normal performance, a group of participants completed the IGT simultaneously with one of two secondary-tasks, one of which (random number generation) is known to load executive resources. A third group performed the IGT with no secondary-task. If performance on the IGT requires the properties associated with intuitive operations, then participants should either show no disruption when completing a secondary-task, or at least show no selective disruption on a secondary-task that loads for executive function. The rate of learning in the three groups was not significantly different. This suggests that the sorts of cognitive resources loaded by traditional executive tasks such as random number generation do not overlap, in the cognitive architecture, with the emotion-based learning skills that are required for Iowa Gambling Task performance. The findings of the present study are also consistent with a previous claim of the Iowa group that emotion-based learning and working memory resources are doubly dissociable.

Cognition↗
PubMed2006

Non-defendable resources affect peafowl lek organization: a male removal experiment.

A lekking mating system is typically thought to be non-resource based with male providing nothing to females but genes. However, males are thought to clump their display sites on areas where they are more likely to encounter females, which may depend on non-defendable resource location. We tested this hypothesis on a feral population of peacocks. In agreement, we found that, within the lek, display site proximity to food resources had an effect on female visitation rate and male mating success. The attractiveness of display sites to male intruders was explained by the distance to the feeding place and by the female visitation rate. We randomly removed 29 territorial males from their display sites. Display sites that were more attractive to male intruders before removal remained highly attractive after removal and display sites closer to the feeding area attracted the attention of intruders significantly more after removal. Similarly, display sites that were more visited by females before removal remained more visited after removal, suggesting again that the likelihood of encountering females is determined by the display site location. Overall, these results are in agreement with non-defendable resources affecting lek spatial organization in the peafowl.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The Cost-Time Index: a new method for measuring the efficiencies of recruitment-resources in clinical trials.

Paid media are important resources used to recruit subjects in clinical trials. An index for evaluating which advertising resource has minimal cost and time requirement for patient accrual, for a given study design, has not been previously introduced. In this communication the authors present a new index, the Cost-Time Index, which represents a measure of the average amount of money and time spent, simultaneously, on a given advertising resource to recruit one analyzable subject. This index can be calculated using retrospective data and may be a useful tool for comparing recruitment efficiencies among various resources. The authors demonstrate the utility of the Cost-Time Index and recommend its use as an additional variable in future studies regarding recruitment strategies in clinical trials.

Advertising↗
PubMed2006

Testing the shared resource assumption in theories of text processing.

Eight experiments evaluated a core assumption of several theories of text processing, the shared resource assumption, which states that component text processes share limited processing resources. Short texts each contained two critical sentences that together warranted a causal inference. The syntactic structure of the second sentence was either more or less difficult to parse. Results from a lexical decision task suggested that readers formed the causal inferences when the syntactic structure was less difficult to parse but that inferencing was constrained when syntactic structure was more difficult. Follow-up experiments suggested that this interference was not due to inferior output of the syntactic parser nor to the increased demands of difficult syntax interfering with maintenance of information needed to form the inference. The results suggest insufficient resources were available for the operation of inference processes due to the increased demands of syntactic parsing, consistent with the shared resource assumption.

Cognition↗