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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The effects of ad libitum fluid ingestion on fluid balance during alpine skiing in recreational skiers.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ad libitum water ingestion, using a back-mounted hydration system (BMHS), on fluid balance during alpine skiing. Fourteen skiers skied on two different days. On one day, seven skiers ingested water during skiing via the BMHS and the other seven skiers refrained from fluid ingestion during skiing until the midday break (NW trial). On the second day, the trials were reversed. Results indicated that when skiers used the BMHS they drank significantly more water than during the NW trials (2.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.78 +/- 0.4 litres). However, skiers drank significantly more at the midday break during the NW trials than during the BMHS trials (0.78 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.2 litres). Percent change in plasma volume was less during the BMHS trials than during the NW trials (-0.1 +/- 5.3 vs. -4.9 +/- 5.2%), urine osmolality was maintained in the BMHS trials but rose from 295 +/- 80 to 818 +/- 168 mOsm . kg(-1) at midday during the NW trials, and body mass loss was minimized during the BMHS trials compared with the NW trials (0.4 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.2 kg). Skiers reported that they felt significantly better when they ingested water during the BMHS trials. In conclusion, a back-mounted hydration system allowed the skiers to maintain hydration status.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effect of providing recreational activities on the engagement level of long-stay geriatric patients.

The relative effectiveness of providing individual and group activities, as compared to conditions of non-intervention, was studied on a long-stay female geriatric ward. Engagement levels were consistently higher during the sessions when activities were provided. Group activities raised engagement levels more than individual activities. This suggests that levels of engagement are normally low because patients are not provided and encouraged with activities, rather than through disability.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cluster of Escherichia coli O157: nonmotile infections associated with recreational exposure to lake water.

OBJECTIVES: To identify cases and determine risk factors for an outbreak of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157: nonmotile (NM) infections in children attending a summer day care program in California. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study; the cohort comprised first and second graders who attended the day care program during the last week in August 1999. Shiga toxin testing and molecular subtyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were performed on isolates. Lake water, lake bottom sediment samples, and waterfowl feces from the lake environs were cultured for E. coli O157. RESULTS: Three cases of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157: NM infections with matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and four probable cases were found. Children who swallowed more than a mouthful of water had a higher attack rate than those who swallowed less than a mouthful or none at all (43% vs. 10%, relative risk = 4.43, 95% confidence interval 1.12, 17.50). CONCLUSIONS: E. coli O157: NM infections were associated with swallowing water from a freshwater lake. Potential sources of contamination include feces from humans, cattle, or deer. This outbreak illustrates the value in screening patients with diarrhea for E. coli O157, submitting isolates to public health laboratories, and using molecular techniques to identify related cases. Outbreaks associated with contaminated freshwater could be averted by prevention and early detection of contamination.

California↗