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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Professional values held by baccalaureate and associate degree nursing students.

PURPOSE: To determine the congruency in value orientation of graduating students in baccalaureate and associate degree programs. DESIGN AND METHODS: A survey design with a convenience sample of 1,450 graduating nursing students from all baccalaureate and associate degree nursing programs in Texas. Data were collected using the Nurses Professional Values Scale (NPVS). Descriptive and parametric statistics were used for analysis. FINDINGS: ADN and BSN students did not differ significantly on the NPVS total score, however, ADN student scored higher on 5 of the 11 subscales than did their BSN counterparts. Men from both programs scored significantly lower than did women on the total scale and all subscales. Ethnic groups differed on the responses to three of the subscales representing nurses' values: respect for human dignity, safeguarding the client and public, and collaborating to meet public health needs. CONCLUSIONS: Professional values in graduating nursing students were significantly related to sex and ethnicity, regardless of educational program. Nursing faculty members are challenged to address these differences during the educational process and mentoring of students.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Student heart health knowledge, smoking attitudes, and self-esteem.

The Chicago Heart Health Curriculum Program (CHHCP) is a comprehensive, cardiovascular disease, risk-reduction program designed for a multiracial urban population of sixth-grade students and their families. The study showed strong program impact on student health knowledge, and found that independence of peers significantly influenced smoking attitudes and self-esteem. The latter was associated strongly with humanistic teacher attitudes and behavior as well. Smoking attitudes were found to be related significantly to general health attitudes. The results suggest that future programs conveying heart health knowledge should consider student learning in the affective context of self-esteem, independence of peers, and teacher humanism. Reinforcement through continual intervention over a prolonged period may produce more permanent change over time.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1991

Successful business planning for new programs in health care organizations.

Health care organizations implement business strategies through programs and services, and success depends on careful program design and execution. A conscientious design requires thorough efforts in organizing the planning process, conducting the decision analysis, and obtaining approval for a program. Weak methods and processes in the management of these efforts can result in faulty assumptions and costly errors in the development of new health care ventures, thus preventing the achievement of financial and operating goals. This article reviews the stages of business planning, and the points at which success may be impaired.

Capital Expenditures↗
PubMed2005

Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on the exercise function of children with serious congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVES: The exercise capacity of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is often depressed. This depression is thought to be attributable to (1) residual hemodynamic defects and (2) deconditioning secondary to physical inactivity. We hypothesized that this latter component would be ameliorated by a formal cardiac rehabilitation program designed specifically for children. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation program on the exercise performance of children with CHD and to define the physiologic mechanisms that might account for any improvements that are observed. METHODS: Nineteen patients with CHD who were referred for exercise testing and found to have a peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and/or peak work rate <80% of predicted were enrolled in the study. Sixteen patients (11 Fontan patients, 5 with other CHD) completed the program and had postrehabilitation exercise tests, results of which were compared with the prerehabilitation studies. RESULTS: Improvements were found in 15 of 16 patients. Peak VO2 rose from 26.4 +/- 9.1 to 30.7 +/- 9.2 mL/kg per min; peak work rate from 93 +/- 32 to 106 +/- 34 W, and the ventilatory anaerobic threshold from 14.2 +/- 4.8 to 17.4 +/- 4.5 mL/kg per min. The peak heart rate and peak respiratory exchange ratio did not change, suggesting that the improvements were not attributable merely to an increased effort. In contrast, the peak oxygen pulse rose significantly, from 7.6 +/- 2.8 to 9.7 +/- 4.1 mL/beat, an improvement that can be attributed only to an increase in stroke volume and/or oxygen extraction at peak exercise. No patient experienced rehabilitation-related complications. CONCLUSION: Cardiac rehabilitation can improve the exercise performance of children with CHD. This improvement is mediated by an increase in stroke volume and/or oxygen extraction during exercise. Routine use of formal cardiac rehabilitation may greatly reduce the morbidity of complex CHD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Assessing needs of people with cancer.

The provision of complementary cancer care is a developing field. Recent surveys into the provision of complementary therapies have targeted not only the consumer but also the purchasers and providers of health care. There is interest amongst health authorities regarding the provision of complementary medicine as a cost effective intervention in the management of chronic conditions. There are a number of recent studies which aimed to address this issue. The Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital NHS Trust (RLHH), offers homoeopathy and other complementary therapies to support people living with cancer. A Macmillan Nurse, specialising in Complementary Therapies, was appointed at the RLHH to further develop the program of complementary cancer care. A patient survey performed to assist the development of the program showed that people living with cancer most wanted psychological help from complementary therapies. Since the provision of designated programs of complementary cancer care, expansion in the range of therapies offered has taken place.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed1991

Bundling in Vermont.

In response to the needs of high-tech children, Vermont's Medicaid program designed a controversial system whereby the durable medical equipment company is the main service provider. Some say the program has been successful; others say it unnecessarily complicates provision of care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A sampling of medical staff cost containment projects.

Medical staffs are implementing and participating in a variety of programs designed to lower health care costs in their institutions and communities. This article details a number of these programs ranging from cost awareness to procedural changes within the hospital. These projects are representative of a large selection of projects soon to be published in digest form.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1975

Nutritional status of black preschool children in Mississippi. Influence of income, mother's education, and food programs.

The nutritional status of 247 black preschoolers in two counties of Mississippi was studied by relating caloric and nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements to homemaker's education, family income, and participation in Food Stamp and donated food programs..23AUTHOR Low intakes of calories, iron, calcium, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid were found in many of the children, regardless of the variable considered. These findings--in comparison with similar studies--imply that, as time passes, low education and income are having less impact on child nutrition. This ameliorating effect may be due to programs designed to educate parents and extend purchasing power of food dollars. Thus, it seems advisable to continue these programs.?23AUTHOR

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term CAPD survival and analysis of mortality risk factors: 12-year experience of a single Mexican center.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient and technique survival, and to analyze mortality risk factors in a large Mexican single-center continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care, teaching hospital located in Mexico City. PATIENTS: All patients from our CAPD program (1985-1997) were retrospectively studied. INTERVENTIONS: Clinical and biochemical variables at the start of dialysis were recorded and considered in the analysis of risk factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: End points were patient (alive, dead, or lost to follow-up) and technique status at the end of the study (December 1997). RESULTS: 627 patients, 37% with diabetes mellitus (DM), were included. Median patient survival (+/- SE) was 5.1 +/- 0.6 years. In the univariate analysis, the following variables were associated (p < 0.05) with mortality: DM, old age, hypoalbuminemia, low serum creatinine, low serum phosphate, and lymphopenia. In the multivariate analysis, the only significant mortality risk factors were DM (RR 2.56, p < 0.0001), old age (RR 1.01, p = 0.01), hypoalbuminemia (RR 0.77, p = 0.04), and lymphopenia (RR 0.98, p = 0.05). Median technique survival was 4.0 +/- 0.2 years. Peritonitis, hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, old age, and DM were all significantly associated (p < 0.05) with technique failure in the univariate analysis, while in the multivariate analysis, only DM (RR 1.78, p = 0.001), peritonitis (RR 1.13, p = 0.004), lymphopenia (0.98, p = 0.04), and hypoalbuminemia (RR 0.80, p = 0.06) were technique failure predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Patient survival in our setting is similar to that reported in other series. Diabetes mellitus, lymphopenia, and hypoalbuminemia were the strongest predictive factors for mortality and technique failure on CAPD. Our 12-year CAPD program is one of the largest single-centers reported in CAPD literature.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Supporting clinical nursing leadership and professional practice at the unit level.

Professional practice models (PPMs) are innovative approaches for improving health care delivery. Implementation of these new practice models needs to be well planned and supported to ensure their success in producing desired outcomes. This article describes two programs used to implement a PPM in a health care organization, focusing mainly on a program design intended to support the implementation of a new PPM on a medical-surgical hospital unit. The program blends the concepts of the organization's PPM with the leadership concepts from the AACN's Clinical Nurse Leader role to help nurses further develop their professional behaviors and clinical leadership skills.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cost-effective, unit-based approach to computerized care planning education.

This article describes a grassroots approach to developing an educational program on nursing diagnosis and computerized care planning. The process involved staff nurses in program design, implementation, and evaluation. Using this process, staff development educators will be better able to successfully initiate grassroots programs that educate large numbers of nurses at minimal cost.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1996

Implementing therapist-driven protocols.

In January of 1993, as part of a hospital-wide cost-reduction strategy, the University of California San Diego (UCSD) Medical Center Respiratory Care Department implemented a patient-driven protocol program designed to utilize the assessment skills and judgments of respiratory care staff, within physician-approved guidelines. This program produced a 60% reduction in the use of hand-held nebulizer therapy and chest physical therapy in the institution, with a substantial decrease in operational expenses. This article describes key elements of the implementation of protocol-driven programs, provides examples from the UCSD experience, and offers insights gained from others who have been successful agents of change. It describes patient-driven protocols, how they can be implemented, the barriers to and promoters of such protocols, and what the results can be for a respiratory care department.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed2005

A research model--forecasting incident rates from optimized safety program intervention strategies.

UNLABELLED: INTRODUCTION/PROBLEM: Property damage incidents, workplace injuries, and safety programs designed to prevent them, are expensive aspects of doing business in contemporary industry. The National Safety Council (2002) estimated that workplace injuries cost $146.6 billion per year. Because companies are resource limited, optimizing intervention strategies to decrease incidents with less costly programs can contribute to improved productivity. METHOD: Systematic data collection methods were employed and the forecasting ability of a time-lag relationship between interventions and incident rates was studied using various statistical methods (an intervention is not expected to have an immediate nor infinitely lasting effect on the incident rate). RESULTS/SUMMARY: As a follow up to the initial work, researchers developed two models designed to forecast incident rates. One is based on past incident rate performance and the other on the configuration and level of effort applied to the safety and health program. Researchers compared actual incident performance to the prediction capability of each model over 18 months in the forestry operations at an electricity distribution company and found the models to allow accurate prediction of incident rates. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: These models potentially have powerful implications as a business-planning tool for human resource allocation and for designing an optimized safety and health intervention program to minimize incidents. Depending on the mathematical relationship, one can determine what interventions, where and how much to apply them, and when to increase or reduce human resource input as determined by the forecasted performance.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

Parallel computation and FASTA: confronting the problem of parallel database search for a fast sequence comparison algorithm.

We have parallelized the FASTA algorithm for biological sequence comparison using Linda, a machine-independent parallel programming language. The resulting parallel program runs on a variety of different parallel machines. A straight-forward parallelization strategy works well if the amount of computation to be done is relatively large. When the amount of computation is reduced, however, disk I/O becomes a bottleneck which may prevent additional speed-up as the number of processors is increased. The paper describes the parallelization of FASTA, and uses FASTA to illustrate the I/O bottleneck problem that may arise when performing parallel database search with a fast sequence comparison algorithm. The paper also describes several program design strategies that can help with this problem. The paper discusses how this bottleneck is an example of a general problem that may occur when parallelizing, or otherwise speeding up, a time-consuming computation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

EDM 1.0: electron direct methods.

A computer program designed to provide a number of quantitative analysis tools for high-resolution imaging and electron diffraction data is described. The program includes basic image manipulation, both real space and reciprocal space image processing, Wiener-filtering, symmetry averaging, methods for quantification of electron diffraction patterns and two-dimensional direct methods. The program consists of a number of sub-programs written in a combination of C++, C and Fortran. It can be downloaded either as GNU source code or as binaries and has been compiled and verified on a wide range of platforms, both Unix based and PC's. Elements of the design philosophy as well as future possible extensions are described.

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1993

A computer program for the design of PCR primers for diagnosis of highly variable genomes.

PCRDiag (Diagnosis by PCR) is a computer program which allows the localization of pairs of oligonucleotides with optimal thermodynamic requirements for use in a PCR assay. The program is designed for the selection of pairs of primers complementary to sequences present in a group, whose identification is intended, but are absent in other non-specific sequences. The program constitutes a powerful tool, specially in systems which display a high degree of sequence heterogeneity, as is the case of RNA viruses. The program runs on IBM-PC and compatible computers and has no special software requirements. It does not need the previous alignment of the sequences analyzed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of a faculty development program in substance abuse education.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a faculty development program was effective in increasing clinical skills and the amount of substance abuse teaching of individual general medical faculty. DESIGN: Program participants were evaluated with a structured assessment before and several months after participating in a faculty development program in substance abuse education. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty percent were general internal medicine faculty, who on average devoted 25% of their time to teaching. The remainder of the participants were family medicine, psychiatry, or other internal medicine faculty and nonphysician teachers. INTERVENTION: The participants attended a learner-centered, largely experiential faculty development program in substance abuse education to improve their clinical and teaching skills relevant to substance abuse among patients in the general medical setting. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of the participants completed the evaluation. The participants reported increased confidence in their clinical skills in recognizing substance abuse, presenting the problem to the patient, and referring the patient for treatment. The participants also reported improved attitudes toward patients and increased teaching about the management of the primary problem of substance abuse, but not at the expense of teaching about medical complications. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically oriented, interactive faculty development courses in substance abuse education can contribute to increased confidence in clinical skills in substance abuse as well as teaching about substance abuse.

Alcoholism↗