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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Lactose malabsorption in Polynesian and white children in the south west Pacific studied by breath hydrogen technique.

Lactose malabsorption was studied by a breath hydrogen technique in 139 Samoan and 68 white schoolchildren. The Samoans were studied in four locations, two in Western Samoa and two in New Zealand, and the white children in both the Cook Islands and New Zealand. The prevalence of malabsorption varied with location: for Samoans it ranged from 41% to 60% in Western Samoa and 0% to 35% in New Zealand; white children had rates of 27% in the Cook Islands and 5% in New Zealand. Environmental factors rather than genetic factors are likely to play the main part in initiating if not perpetuating lactose malabsorption. In both races lactose malabsorption had no effect on the acceptance of, consumption of, and number of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by milk and milk biscuits. Children who had symptoms after consuming a particular dairy product were more likely to say they disliked it than those who reported no symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Observations on the epidemiology of club foot in Polynesian and Caucasian populations.

Although Polynesians are affected by idiopathic club foot deformity more commonly than other racial groups, epidemiological surveys performed in Auckland and Glasgow showed no other significant difference in their pattern of presentation compared with Caucasians. Distinctions in sex ratio and maternal age, reported previously between groups of index cases with and without a family history of the condition, were not confirmed in either racial group, and the predominance of right sided over left sided unilateral cases was no greater in Polynesians than in Caucasians. There was an excess of sporadic cases born to very young mothers among the Maori population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with the factor VIII and factor IX genes in Polynesians.

New Zealand Maoris (72 X chromosomes) have been compared with Pacific Island Polynesians (121 X chromosomes) and Caucasian New Zealanders (51 X chromosomes) as a control group to determine the allelic frequency of six RFLPs associated with the genes for two X linked diseases (haemophilia A and haemophilia B). RFLPs examined were BclI, XbaI, and BglI within the factor VIII gene, the factor VIII extragenic TaqI system, and the factor IX intragenic TaqI and XmnI sites. The information obtained facilitates the design of strategies for both carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia A within these groups. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the factor VIII BclI and XbaI sites in Polynesians. Genetic counselling for Polynesians with haemophilia B continues, however, to rely on phenotypic diagnosis. The RFLP data from the two separate loci on the X chromosome in Polynesians show similarities with Chinese and Japanese populations, reinforcing theories of an early Polynesian ancestry originating in east Asia.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Genetics of club foot in Maori and Pacific people.

The role of major gene and multifactorial inheritance in the aetiology of club foot in the New Zealand Polynesian population was studied using 287 New Zealand Maori and Pacific club foot families. The club foot family data were analysed by complex segregation analysis under the mixed model using the computer program POINTER. This analysis shows that the best genetic model for club foot in this population is a single dominant gene with a penetrance of 33% and a predicted gene frequency of 0.9%. These data provide a scientific foundation for molecular studies in the Maori and Polynesian population to identify putative club foot genes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

Ethnic and HLA patterns related to multiple sclerosis in Wellington, New Zealand.

A recent survey revealed 237 cases of multiple sclerosis in Wellington, New Zealand, giving an overall prevalence of 69 cases per 100,000. Two hundred and thirty-five were European with one Asian and only one Maori, confirming the rarity of the disease in Maoris. HLA A3, B7 and DR2 antigens were more frequent in multiple sclerosis patients compared with European controls. The same antigens were much less common in the Maori population. The results suggest that Maoris have a low susceptibility to multiple sclerosis despite living in a high risk area, and that genetic susceptibility may be related to the HLA system.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis in a thyrotoxic Polynesian.

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis in a thyrotoxic Polynesian is described. The possible pathophysiology is discussed. Though common in Orientals, this condition is uncommon in Caucasians and has not been described before in a Polynesian.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Venereal diseases in the islands of the North Pacific.

Apart from the Japanese islands, and those of Karabati (lately Gilbert Islands), which lie just north of the equator, the islands of the northern Pacific Ocean are either American owned or otherwise administered. Even the Japanese islands were controlled by the USA for varying numbers of years after the second world war. Venereal disease statistics from Guam, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Gilbert Islands have been collated by the South Pacific Commission and will be presented in a second paper. Those from the Hawaiian Islands (the fiftieth state of the USA) are published by the United States Public Health Service and include those from Honolulu, the capital. While the rates per 100 000 for both syphilis and gonorrhoea are lower than those for the USA as a whole, the trends since 1970 have been less satisfactory in the state of Hawaii than for the whole of the United States. While the disturbing increasing incidence of primary and secondary syphilis was checked in 1977, that of gonorrhoea has continued to rise. The number of cases of gonorrhoea also increased in Guam and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands but there has been a recent fall from earlier peak figures. The pattern of venereal disease in the most developed Pacific islands is thus gradually approaching what may be expected elsewhere in modern western society and it would seem logical to expect that this trend will continue.

Aviation↗
PubMed1989

Ethnic differences in prevalence of asthma symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in New Zealand schoolchildren.

Maoris and Pacific Islanders in New Zealand have a higher asthma mortality and hospital admission rates than Europeans. To determine whether difference in asthma prevalence is the major factor underlying these differences in mortality, 2053 Auckland children aged 7-10 years (European 1084, Maori 509, Pacific Islander 460) were randomly sampled from school classes in the Auckland Urban Area, and studied by questionnaire (completed by parents) and histamine inhalation challenge to assess the provocative dose of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20). Maoris had the highest prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms, and Europeans had rates similar to Pacific Islanders. For "any current wheeze" for example, the prevalence in Maoris was 22.2% compared with 16.1% and 16.3% in the Europeans and Pacific Islanders. The prevalence of diagnosed asthma was similar in the three groups. When bronchial hyperresponsiveness (defined as a PD20 less than or equal to 7.8 mumol histamine) was considered, Europeans had the highest rates (20%), followed by Maoris (13%), and then Pacific Islanders (8.7%). These differences were not accounted for by differences in socioeconomic status, rates of smoking in the home, age, gender, or height. It is concluded that differences in asthma prevalence do not satisfactorily explain the mortality and admission rate differences, although the higher symptom prevalence in the Maoris could be relevant to the higher mortality rate. Maori and Pacific Island children with symptoms of asthma were less likely to be taking prophylactic medication than European children. It is proposed that differences in management are important factors relevant to the increased mortality and morbidity from asthma in Polynesians.

Asthma↗
PubMed1980

Seroepidemiology of human syncytial virus: antibody prevalence in the Pacific.

A seroepidemiological survey of the human syncytial (foamy) virus was done by means of an indirect immunofluorescence test on 1,717 sera from nine different Pacific island territories. The specificity of the reaction was verified by neutralization tests. The study indicated that the virus is ubiquitous in this part of the world, with no region being entirely free of antibody. The antibody prevalence ranged from a low of 1.2% in Ponape to a high of 15.6% in the Cook Islands. The average prevalence for the nine insular communities was 6.9%.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Distribution of GPT types in Norway.

GPT phenotype determinations were performed in 4,148 unrelated Norwegians. The frequencies of the two common alleles were Gpt1 = 0.537 and Gpt2 = 0.461. A total of 13 individuals showed the phenotypic expression of 3 rare GPT alleles, Gpt3, Gpt6, and Gpt7. No heterogeneity in phenotype distribution was found, neither in the two sexes nor regionally in Norway. 97 foreigners involved in paternity cases in Norway showed a phenotype distribution not differing from that of Norwegians. In two small additional samples of Ethiopians and Easter Islanders, Gpt1 frequencies were 0.737 and 0.531, respectively. There were significant differences in phenotype distribution between NOrwegians and all African populations tested, some of the Asiatic population, Lapps and a few other populations.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1977

HLA types, blood groups, serum protein and red cell enzyme types among Samoans in New Zealand.

101 Samoans living in New Zealand, of whom 77 had no known non-Samoan ancestry, have been typed for nine blood group systems, four serum protein and 23 red cell enzyme systems, for haemoglobin variants and antigens at the HLA A nad B loci. The frequencies of genes in these various systems suggest that Samoans fall partly into an island Melanesian-Micronesian pattern, and partly are unique. Their uniqueness is most distinctive for the HLA system.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

The Rh phenotype r'r' in Polynesians.

Since 1970, 19 persons with the r'r' phenotype have been detected at the Auckland Blood Transfusion Centre. All have been Maoris or Pacific Islanders. This study reports the detailed serological investigations on 11 r'r' samples. No evidence was found for the presence of the Du antigen, and there was no evidence that the Polynesian r' was related to the Negroid r'. It is postulated that the r' (Cde) of Polynesians arose from a mutation of CDe. No morphological abnormalities of r'r' red cells were found. Blood samples were also tested for various high- and low-frequency antigens, and one specimen was found to be r'r' Jk(a-b-).

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1988

The Le(a+b+) phenotype in Polynesians.

The presence of the rare Lewis phenotype Le(a+b+) is reported in various Polynesian groups, including Maoris, Samoans, Cook Islanders, Nuieans and Tokelau Islanders. The phenotype was found in Polynesians of all blood groups and the frequency was significantly increased in group 0 persons. The phenotype was not significantly associated with H reactivity in group A donors and showed no correlation with age or sex.

ABO Blood-Group System↗