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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The relation of gender and sexual orientation to measures of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny: a further analysis.

Data from a survey of 58 gay men and 58 lesbians are compared to college men and women on Spence and Helmreich's (1978) Personality Attributes Questionnaire measures of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny. Lesbians had higher M scores than college women, and gay men had lower M scores than college men, with F scores being similar across sexual orientation groups, within gender. Androgyny measures differed only by gender, not by sexual orientation. Further analysis shows that lesbians' high M scores come largely from their high self-ratings as independent, while college men's high M scores reflect strong competitiveness. Questions are raised about the validity of these measures for comparing these groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sex-role perceptions in chemically dependent subjects: adults versus adolescents.

Contrary to expectations, a study of 81 adolescent drug and/or alcohol addicts produced results quite similar to those found among an adult addicted population (Griffin-Shelley, 1986). On the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), these young people rated themselves, in descending order, Undifferentiated (43.2%), Masculine (23.5%), Androgynous (18.5%), and Feminine (14.8%). Despite their exaggerated "macho" and "seductive" attitudes and behaviors, which resemble their adult counterparts, chemically dependent adolescents suffer similarly from low self-esteem and poor adjustment. Addictions appear to have already damaged these young people in areas of self-worth and sex-role perception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The typology of personalities suffering hysterical neuroses and hysterical psychopathies].

The paper deals with a study of 142 patients with hysterical neuroses and 92 with hysterical psychopathy. The personality typology was studied in 2 aspects: intrapersonal and interpersonal. In analyzing the main variants of the premorbid personality with hysterical neurosis special attention was paid to the role of accentuating separate hysterical signs. It is shown that there may be a transition of protracted hysterical reactions into hysterical psychogenic personality development. In analyzing hysterical psychopaths the author studied the correlation of constitutional-biological and social factors and describes the main variants of the personality structure among the "nuclear" and "boderline" psychopaths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

International comparison of baccalaureate nursing degrees: collaboration in qualitative analysis.

This paper describes a study which investigated the perceived similarities and differences of a selection of baccalaureate nursing degrees from different continents. An international research team was formed, and by using a modified version of the Delphi process and nominal group techniques the group undertook a qualitative analysis of curriculum documents. The major areas analysis were: aims, content, methods and assessment. Under these headings the group produced a list of key issues supported by a number of indicative statements by collating the independent analyses undertaken by each of the team members. Examples of findings are that critical thinking and personal development are most obvious in aims but that the progression of curricula may not achieve this, there are differences in 'western' and 'asian' orientations to the concept of personal autonomy. Sciences are valued more than arts or humanities. The lecture method as well as practice placement dominate the teaching methods. Transcultural nursing is not significant except where there are two therapeutic ideologies in existence. Assessment methods are largely summative. The findings have application in the development of credit transfer and international exchange schemes. The conclusions highlight areas of special considerations when designing such schemes.

China↗
PubMed2003

The relationship between the living arrangements of university students and their identity development.

One of the developmental challenges facing the emerging adult is to live independently of his/her family of origin. Research has shown that the living arrangements of late adolescents/young adults also affect aspects of their personal development. This study examined the relationship between university students' living arrangements, their identity development status, the degree of life difficulties experienced, and the manner in which they coped with their difficulties. In general, it was found that those who did not reside in their parents' home had greater levels of problems but also used more direct, problem-focused coping strategies than did those who resided at home. Individuals residing away from their parents were also more likely to have established an adult identity, whereas those who resided with their parents were more likely to be still in the process of developing an adult identity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Trauma and multiple sclerosis.

The belief that trauma may precede or exacerbate multiple sclerosis (MS) has come primarily from anecdotal reports and case series that provide no rates and no basis for critical comparison. Each year in the United States, approximately 10,000 persons develop MS. A high proportion of the estimated 250,000 prevalence cases have one or more exacerbations, whereas one-third (or 83,000,000 persons in the United States) suffer a memorable injury; therefore, when trauma precedes MS onset or exacerbation, coincidence, as well as causal association, must be considered. For many patients, MS disability may have precipitated an injury, rather than follow one. Two major prospective cohort studies of MS indicate that physical trauma is not responsible for onset or exacerbation. A prospective cohort of patients with MS followed for eight years at the University of Arizona has failed to demonstrate an association between physical trauma and exacerbation. At the Mayo Clinic, cohorts identified in the Olmsted County, Minnesota population with MS, head injury (819), and lumbar disk surgery (942) demonstrated no correlation between onset or exacerbation of MS. Thus, on the basis of credible epidemiological studies, and particularly the studies of cohorts with MS and with trauma, there is no indication that either onset or exacerbation of MS is the result of physical trauma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Dopamine-related personality traits in Parkinson's disease.

Studies suggest that Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a particular group of personality characteristics. With relative uniformity, PD patients are described as industrious, rigidly moral, stoic, serious, and nonimpulsive. In this controlled study, we used a recently developed personality questionnaire, Cloningers's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, to test the hypothesis that these personality traits are behavioural manifestations of damaged dopaminergic pleasure and reward systems. We found significantly less (p < 0.01) of a group of traits called "novelty seeking" in PD patients compared with matched medical controls. Patients with low novelty seeking are described as being reflective, rigid, stoic, slow-tempered, frugal, orderly, and persistent, characteristics similar to those in the clinical description of PD patients. We review evidence supporting the claim that novelty seeking is dopamine-dependent, and suggest that damage to the mesolimbic dopaminergic system causes the described personality profile of PD patients.

Avoidance Learning↗
PubMed1991

Resident, faculty, and residency program development. An integrated approach through annual retreats.

Retreats during residency training have evolved as an escape from the daily routine. Recognizing that the retreat format could also be used as a foundation for program design and personal development, we have designed annual retreats for each of the 3 years of pediatric residency training. The sessions vary in length and agenda, but serve as the basis for an ongoing effort fostering growth and maturation of the department and its component participants. The effectiveness of the program (and the morale of the residents) is greatly influenced by this program.

Chicago↗
PubMed1975

[The relationship between the neurotic and the pseudoneurotic in ulcerative and ulcerative and neurogenic-dyskinetic colitis].

On the basis of a study of 142 patients with chronic colitis (nonspecific ulcerous and neurogenic-dyskinetic) the authors demonstrate the interreralations between the somatical and neuro-psychic pathology, in the structure of which neurotic-like, neurotic and personality reactions to the basic disease are closely interwoven. In the severe forms of the disease there is a predominance of somato-organic phenomena, in wild-neurotic symptoms. The quantitative and qualitative changes in the personality structure of 46 patients permitted to speak of a neurotic personality development.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Allergen exposure, atopy and smoking as determinants of allergy to rats in a cohort of laboratory employees.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to rat urinary allergens, atopic status, smoking and the development of allergic symptoms and specific sensitization. It is a case-referent analysis of a cohort of 342 newly employed laboratory animal workers. Cases comprised persons developing symptoms of laboratory animal allergy or a positive skin prick test to rat urinary allergens; each was matched with up to two asymptomatic referents. Subjects were assigned to categories of exposure based on measurements of airborne rat urinary allergens. Of the cases, 80% reported that their symptoms started within 2 yrs of employment. The odds ratio (OR) for development of each symptom type (respiratory, eye or nose and skin) and of an immediate skin test reaction was increased in those with direct contact with rats. A gradient of increasing OR for the development of any such symptom across exposure categories was found; for respiratory symptoms and skin test reactions the OR for subjects in the highest exposure category were lower than those in intermediate categories, a pattern attenuated when the analysis was confined to outcomes developing within 2 yrs of first exposure. Atopy increased the OR of most outcomes as did cigarette smoking, although there was no evidence of a relationship between smoking and the development of a specific skin test reaction. In conclusion, allergen exposure was confirmed as the most important determinant of laboratory animal allergy; by implication, measures to reduce exposure may be the most effective means to reduce its incidence.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Quality of life theory III. Maslow revisited.

In 1962, Abraham Maslow published his book Towards a Psychology of Being, and established a theory of quality of life, which still is considered a consistent theory of quality of life. Maslow based his theory for development towards happiness and true being on the concept of human needs. He described his approach as an existentialistic psychology of self-actualization, based on personal growth. When we take more responsibility for our own life, we take more of the good qualities that we have into use, and we become more free, powerful, happy, and healthy. It seems that Maslow's concept of self-actualization can play an important role in modern medicine. As most chronic diseases often do not disappear in spite of the best biomedical treatments, it might be that the real change our patients have for betterment is understanding and living the noble path of personal development. The hidden potential for improving life really lies in helping the patient to acknowledge that his or her lust for life, his or her needs, and his or her wish to contribute, is really deep down in human existence one and the same. But you will only find this hidden meaning of life if you scrutinize your own life and existence closely enough, to come to know your innermost self.

Behavioral Medicine↗
PubMed1990

Educational policies.

It is vital that teachers, parents, and health professionals recognize the major educational problems that affect students with epilepsy. Children with epilepsy should be placed in the least restrictive schooling environment so that social, emotional, and educational requirements can be met in a setting best suited to the individual's present needs and future development. Personal assessment and monitoring of progress form an equally important part of a child's educational program in integrated schools, but there is a need to develop suitable instruments to assist teachers in their assessments and decision making. In Australia, the National Epilepsy Association has developed an "Alert Kit" based on the Epilepsy Foundation of Americas "School Alert Kit" to provide basic medical information on epilepsy to teachers and pupils.

Australia↗