Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PRISONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Visual acuity in a prison population.

I determined the best corrected acuity of 90 prisoners. The data were compared to available published visual acuity data for the general population and to 6/6 (20/20) as the assumed normal. The prison population differed significantly from the population analyzed in one reported study but not from that in another (p less than 0.05). Comparison to the assumed normal of 6/6 showed no statistical difference. The differences among the studies are discussed. The data suggest that for this population corrected visual acuity may not be dissimilar from that of the general population.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Health needs of children in prison.

At the end of September 2002 there were 2633 children in prison in England and Wales. Since November 2002, the Children Act 1989 applies to children held in prison. The challenge to paediatricians is to recognise and meet the needs of these vulnerable and needy children. This can be achieved by putting in place similar provisions to those recommended for Looked After Children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Expert recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in the prison setting].

The prevalence of HCV infection in Spanish prisons is very high (38.5%). The characteristics of the infected patients, particularly the high rate of HIV coinfection, makes it very likely that the morbidity and mortality produced by serious liver disease secondary to this infection will increase considerably in the coming years. A group of Spanish experts with experience in patients who are inmates has been invited to establish a series of recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in Spanish prisons.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of sexual coercion experiences reported by men and women in prison.

Comparisons were made between self-reports from 382 men and 51 women who had experienced sexual coercion while incarcerated. Victim data were obtained from a sample of 1,788 male inmates and 263 female inmates who responded to an anonymous written survey distributed in 10 midwestern prisons. Men reported that their perpetrators in worst-case incidents were inmates (72%), staff (8%), or inmates and staff collaborating (12%). Women reported that their perpetrators were inmates (47%) and staff (41%). Greater percentages of men (70%) than women (29%) reported that their incident resulted in oral, vaginal, or anal sex. More men (54%) than women (28%) reported an incident that was classified as rape. Men and women were similar in feeling depression; however, more men (37%) than women (11%) reported suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts (19% for men, 4% for women). Implications of results for prevention of sexual coercion in prison are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Use of protective barriers and unprotected sex among adult male prison inmates prior to incarceration.

Research documents the challenges associated with preventing HIV/AIDS among prison inmate populations. This paper describes the predictors of protective barrier use and unprotected sexual intercourse among a sample of adult male inmates. Descriptive and scale information was collected on several variables using standard response formats. All major substance use constructs (marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol use) were assessed in terms of consumption prior to incarceration. T-tests were employed to evaluate the level of marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol use in general, as well as with particular respect to sexual situations. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine whether the use of the substances, length of incarceration, and other demographic variables were associated with the frequency of reporting use of a protective barrier. The findings note that total years in prison, and marijuana and cocaine use were associated with inmates' risk behaviours. Marijuana and cocaine use were statistically significant predictors of risky sex behaviours.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Categorization in concentration camps as a collective fate: a comparison of homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses and political prisoners.

Using socio-historical data some critical features of Nazi Concentration Camps are discussed: uniqueness vs. normality; extermination vs. re-education of gay prisoners. The special fate of the Pink Triangle in comparison to other non-Jewish victims is demonstrated. The determinative qualities of life and death conditions in the camps are: the National Socialist interpretation of the prisoner category; the repressive content of social control; the marginalisation in general society. The relative strength of a single influence cannot be separated one from the other.

Christianity↗
PubMed1988

Seroprevalence of HIV antibody among individuals entering the Iowa Prison System.

From January 1 to April 30, 1986, all individuals entering the Iowa prison system were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sera were collected on 363 newly incarcerated inmates, 389 inmates returning to prison, and 107 forensic psychiatric patients. Three of the 859 serum samples (0.3 per cent) tested during this study were reactive by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) testing, but none reactive by the Western blot. Analysis for AIDS risk factors included a high prior IV-drug use rate (22-50 per cent) and a low admitted homosexuality rate in a predominantly young white male population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Tuberculosis surveillance in a state prison system.

After four inmates at two New Mexico prisons converted their tuberculosis skin tests, a mass screening program was carried out at all the State's adult correctional facilities (2,240 inmates). Previously unknown converters were found with a disproportionally high per cent of converters (6.8 per cent and 6.3 per cent) and reactors (14.4 per cent and 12.2 per cent) at the first two prisons. No index cases were found. State policy has been revised to include two-stage skin testing of new inmates, annual testing thereafter, and screening of all new correctional staff.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Admissions to a prison psychiatric unit.

Fifty consecutive admissions to the psychiatric division in a central metropolitan goal were given DSM III diagnoses and their psychiatric, social and criminal histories analysed. Seventy-two per cent suffered from schizophrenic, affective or organic mental illness, 56% had chronic physical disabilities and 84% had had previous in-patient treatment in either hospital or prison or both. Fifty-four per cent exhibited psychopathology that most clinicians would have thought required urgent attention. Of the current offences committed by this group 54% were against the person (murder, assaults, sex offences and robbery). A significant proportion of these were committed by a distinct subgroup composed of socially isolated schizophrenics with no prior convictions, no physical illness, apparently normal premorbid personalities, and a greater current level of psychiatric disturbance. It is argued that the group as a whole, and this subgroup in particular exemplify the problems of the psychiatrically disturbed offender. Prison psychiatric facilities are inadequate for the range of functions they are being asked to serve and their token placement in the correctional services by-passes many important clinical, social and legal issues.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1988

Alcoholism, Alcoholics Anonymous attendance, and outcome in a prison system.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between attendance at meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and follow-up status in a sample of prison inmates. Subjects (N = 102) were administered three self-report measures of alcoholism: the MAST, CAGE, and Rosett Quantity-Frequency tests. AA attendance during incarceration was recorded. One-year follow-up status, ranging from transfer to a more secure facility to discharge from the prison system, was used as an outcome indicator. ResuLts revealed that 56% of the subjects met the criteria for alcoholism on at least one measure, and that scores on the alcoholism measures were significantly correlated with AA attendance. Thus, the most severe alcoholics were the best AA attenders. The hypothesis that greater AA attendance would predict follow-up outcome was not confirmed. However, the extent of drinking reported prior to admission (average alcohol quantity per week) was related to security status at 1-year follow-up. The greater the drinking quantity, the more likely the inmate was to be in a more secure facility. Possible explanations for the findings and the need for a longer follow-up period are discussed.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childbearing within the prison system.

The immediate pre and postnatal periods are a time of high anxiety for most women, but for those living in prisons, the stressors can be multiplied. Deprived social backgrounds, inconsistent family contact, isolation, poor physical and mental health, and the probability that the baby will be put into care are some of the problems such women face. This article describes the provision of health care generally for women in prison, then examines the particular problems faced by those who are pregnant.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Overwhelming consumption in prisons: human rights and tuberculosis control.

Tuberculosis is thought to be the single biggest cause of death among the world's prisoners, but a human rights approach to tuberculosis control has not yet been applied. We propose that existing guidelines for the control of HIV be adapted and applied to tuberculosis. Tuberculosis control in prisons provides a platform to develop these concepts.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The results of a joint project of the State Department of Ukraine on the Implementation of Punishments and UNAIDS to decrease the risk of the spread of HIV in the prisons of Ukraine].

During the period of 1987-1999 altogether 7,800 cases of HIV infection were detected among the prisoners of the penitentiary institutions of the Ukraine. In 1997 the penitentiary system of the Ukraine abolished the mandatory testing and isolation of HIV-positive persons. In April 1998 the realization of measures aimed at reducing the spread of HIV infection started in the penitentiary system. The main trends in the activities aimed at the realization of the Project were information and educational work among prisoners both during investigative detention and after conviction, as well as among the personnel of penitentiary institutions; availability of condoms and disinfectants; ensuring the possibilities of voluntary testing for HIV, as well as pre- and post-test counselling.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2001

[Study of cases of HIV infection in Castile-Leon prisons].

OBJECTIVE: To study the HIV infection cases among inmates in Castile-León prisons and the therapy status and clinical follow-up. MATERIALS Y METHODS: The socio-demographic, clinical and virological parameters were studied of all seropositive inmates of seven out of eight prisons in Castile-León. A personal survey and a review of the medical records were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 413 HIV infected inmates were detected (12.05% out of 3,426 inmates); 98.6% were males, mostly of them caucasians. Parenteral drug abuse accounted for most infections (94.9%). Co-infection with hepatitis C virus was present in 81.4%, whereas the presence of surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus was detected in 12.6%. The median of CD4 lymphocyte count was 426.5 (interquartile range: 264.25 to 598.50) and of viral load 3.69 logs of particles/ml (interquartile range: 2.18 to 4.45). A total of 171 individuals are on anti-retroviral therapy, most of them with triple therapy; 40.4% of them had a viral load below 400 copies/ml. Over one third of seropositive individuals (37.3%) required therapy and are not on therapy, either because they have not initiated therapy or because of non-compliance. CONCLUSIONS: A highly representative study of the area which reveals a low number of identified seropositive individuals, mainly in association with drug abuse. The therapeutic guidelines are the standards but there is a high percentage of individuals requiring therapy. Co-infection with hepatitis C virus is extremely high, which will undoubtedly pose new therapeutic approaches.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Commune prison camp's health care and Versailles military hospital share].

Between June 1871 and December 1872, about five thousand prisoners were kept in Versailles among some places of detention. This high death rate was indebted for worst hygienic states (individual or collective) and food wretched quality during first weeks. Military Health Service, under Hippolyte Larrey's management with Adolphe Thiers and staff assent involved living conditions owing to tubs and toilets not forgiving accurate clothes and well-balanced food. In every prison was fitted and infirmary managed by a military physician. Sick people were sent into hospital. Versailles city's archives show that, during 1871, 154 insurgent people died in the military hospital while the number dropped to 55 during 1872.

Domestic Violence↗
PubMed2002

Hepatitis B vaccination in prisons.

The opportunities and problems for hepatitis B vaccination programmes in prison settings are discussed. In particular, the advantages of modelling are stressed and an active case-finding approach is advocated. Measures for maintaining good case-holding are also discussed, and a 0, 1, 2 months vaccination regimen with 20 microg doses of vaccine is advocated for prison settings. A higher reference level for inferring adequate immunization is also recommended, with booster injections for inmates who do not meet the higher reference after a primary course of vaccination.

Aftercare↗