Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “POULTRY DISEASES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Associated vaccination of poultry against infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease and infectious bursitis].

The effectiveness of immunity was studied following a mixed vaccination with live vaccines against infectious bronchitis (strains H120 and H52), Newcastle disease (strain La Sota), and infectious bursitis (strain Th75Vn82). The three vaccines were applied simultaneously via the drinking water, through the spray method, and nasally. Experiments were carried out with a total of 31,466 birds: broilers, growing layers, broiler parents--all without preliminary treatment with biopreparations. Immunity against Newcastle disease was followed up through the hemagglutination-inhibition test and challenging with a virulent virus; against infectious bursitis--through immunodiffusion in agar gel after Ouchterlony; and against infectious bronchitis--through virus-neutralization with strain Beaudette. The birds were treated with mixed vaccines in the following combinations: infectious bronchitis--Newcastle disease; infectious bursitis--Gumboro; infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease, Gumboro. The simultaneous application of live vaccines against infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease, and infectious bursitis was shown to be well tolerated with no harmful aftereffects whatever. The immunity built up with the simultaneous use of the three vaccines was not inferior in effectiveness to that conferred with the use of two vaccines or only one of them.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Molecular and phenotypical characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from poultry flocks with different disease status.

Due to the diminished use of growth-promoting antibiotics in the European Union, Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and subclinical disease have become important threats to poultry health. A study was set up to genotypically and phenotypically characterise C. perfringens isolates from poultry flocks with different health status. Animals from healthy flocks were sampled by cloacal swabs, while intestinal and liver samples of animals suffering from necrotic enteritis were analysed. A total of 27 isolates was obtained from 23 broiler flocks without clinical problems and 36 isolates were obtained from 8 flocks with clinical problems. Using PFGE typing, high genetic diversity was detected between isolates from different flocks. Isolates derived from flocks where disease outbreaks occurred were clonal within each flock, but each flock harboured a different clone. All isolates were of toxin type A. Isolates from 5 out of 35 PFGE types carried the cpb2 gene, encoding the beta2 toxin, and isolates from 2 out of 35 PFGE types harboured the cpe gene, encoding the enterotoxin. In vitro alpha toxin production for all isolates was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was shown that in vitro alpha toxin production of C. perfringens isolates from diseased flocks was not higher than in vitro alpha toxin production from isolates derived from healthy flocks.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Changes in the tibial growth plates of chickens with thiram-induced dyschondroplasia.

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a metabolic cartilage disease of young poultry in which endochondral bone formation is disrupted leading to the retention of a non-calcified, avascular plug of cartilage in the tibial growth plate. Chicks aged 7 days were fed either a control diet or one containing thiram 100 ppm for 48 h to induce TD. Cell multiplication in the growth plate was determined thereafter with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling, and metabolic changes by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and glutathione (GSH) activities. The effect on chondrocyte maturation was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of gene expression. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and DNA fragmentation were used to determine the effects of thiram on cell survival. The results showed that thiram-induced TD was not due to the multiplication of cells in the post-proliferative zones. Thiram did not affect ALP activity, which would have indicated a loss of calcification potential, but it reduced both TRAP and the glutathione concentrations, suggesting that the growth plate metabolism and remodelling functions were adversely affected. Thiram appeared to have no effect on the expression of type X collagen, transglutaminase, RUNX2, or matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP) genes suggesting that it did not alter the maturation potential of chondrocytes. On the contrary, the expressions of MMP-13 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes were "up-regulated," suggesting that thiram has pro-angiogenic activity. However, TUNEL assay showed that thiram induced endothelial cell apoptosis in the capillary vessels of the growth plates, as early as 10 days of age, when TD was not visually evident. The vascular death increased on subsequent days accompanied by massive death of chondrocytes in the transition zone of the growth plate. The induction of apoptosis in the growth plate was also demonstrated by DNA fragmentation. It was concluded that thiram induced TD not through an increase in the multiplication of chondrocytes in the transition zone and not by altering the expression of genes causing the arrest of chondrocytes in a prehypertrophic state, but by creating a metabolic dysfunction which led to the destruction of blood capillaries in the transition zone chondrocytes.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2004

Antigenic secreted proteins from Haemophilus paragallinarum. A 110-kDa putative RTX protein.

Haemophilus paragallinarum is the causal agent of infectious coryza, an economically important disease for the poultry industry. This bacterium secreted proteins of 25-110 kDa during its growth in brain heart infusion, tryptic soy broth, or Luria-Bertani glucose phosphate media, all lacking serum. Some of these proteins were recognized by sera from chickens experimentally infected with H. paragallinarum. A 110-kDa protein was recognized by a serum pool from convalescent-phase pigs naturally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and also by a rabbit polyclonal serum against Apx I as well as a rabbit serum against Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin, suggesting the presence of an RTX-like protein in H. paragallinarum. H. paragallinarum secreted proteins could be important immunogens in the control of infectious coryza.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1983

Nicarbazin complex yields dinitrocarbanilide as ultrafine crystals with improved anticoccidial activity.

Nicarbazin, a drug used to control the protozoal disease coccidiosis in poultry, is a complex of the highly insoluble drug 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide with 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. The structures of this and other 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide complexes have not been determined, but an analogous 2:1 complex of 4,4'-dinitrodiphenylamine with 1,4-diacetylpiperazine has been prepared in which the only possible bonds are hydrogen bonds between the amide carbonyls and amino hydrogens. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that micron-size crystals of nicarbazin disintegrate in water to form much smaller dinitrocarbanilide crystals. Similar complex dissolution in the gut of poultry may account for the greater effectiveness of dinitrocarbanilide when administered as complexed rather than uncomplexed drug. Particle size problems associated with other highly insoluble drugs and pesticides may be resolved by the use of nicarbazin-like complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Passive immunization with antibodies against iron-regulated outer membrane proteins protects turkeys from Escherichia coli septicemia.

Escherichia coli septicemia is a common disease of young poultry and several species of mammals. Rabbit antiserum was prepared against iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of E. coli. Eighteen-day-old turkeys were passively immunized with antiserum and challenged by air sac inoculation of 1 X 10(6) to 2 X 10(6) CFU of E. coli O78:K80:H9. Turkeys injected with normal rabbit serum or saline solution before challenge served as controls. Fatalities (8 of 51 turkeys inoculated) occurred only in groups given saline solution or normal rabbit serum. The remaining turkeys were necropsied 96 h after challenge. Passive immunization with antiserum significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the frequency of bacteremia at 96 h after challenge, the frequency of recovery of E. coli from air sacs, and the severity of gross lesions in inoculated birds as compared with birds given normal rabbit serum or saline solution.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

An allele-specific PCR assay for the rapid and serotype-specific detection of Salmonella pullorum.

Salmonella serovar Pullorum is a causative agent of pullorum disease (PD) in poultry and is responsible for severe economic losses to the poultry industry in many parts of the world. A definitive detection of Pullorum requires culture followed by serotyping and biochemical identification, a process that is tedious and takes several weeks to accomplish. We have developed a rapid allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on the nucleotide polymorphism in rfbS gene sequence for the serotype-specific detection of Pullorum and its differentiation from the closely related Gallinarum. The specificity of this PCR assay was tested using DNA samples from Pullorum (n = 13), Salmonella serotypes other than Pullorum (n = 19), and closely related non-Salmonella organisms (n = 5). The PCR assay was highly serotype-specific as the PCR amplicon of 147 base pairs was observed only in the case of Pullorum, while all the other DNA samples tested PCR negative. A definitive identification of Pullorum cultures was possible in less than 3 hr. As little as 100 pg of SP DNA was detected. This allele-specific PCR method is highly specific as well as sensitive and may be an effective molecular tool in the rapid and serotype-specific detection of Pullorum and differentiation from other Salmonella species.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of avian pneumovirus in tissues and swab specimens from infected turkeys.

Conventional nested and TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the detection of avian pneumovirus (APV) were evaluated and compared with virus isolation (VI) for sensitivity and specificity. Respiratory tissues and tracheal swabs were collected from experimentally inoculated turkeys between 1 and 21 days postinoculation (DPI) and tested by all detection methods. APV was detected by both RT-PCR procedures as early as 1 DPI and as late as 17 DPI, whereas virus was isolated only between 3 and 7 DPI. Pooled tracheal swab supernatant and dry swabs were excellent specimens for the detection of APV between 3 and 8 DPI. Turbinate and sinus specimens were the most productive samples over the entire collection period. Both RT-PCR assays were rapid and more sensitive than VI for the detection of APV in tissue and swab specimens from infected turkeys. RT-PCR allows for the rapid detection of APV from a variety of respiratory tissues as well as from dry swabs and tracheal swab supernatants. Antibody to APV was detected in 50% of the sampled APV-inoculated birds at 8 and 9 DPI by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Early seroconversion (8-10 DPI) allows antibody detection to be used as a screening tool for APV. Rapid and sensitive detection methods are needed for APV, a highly contagious disease affecting U.S. poultry.

Animals↗