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PubMed1980

The possible role of respiratory syncytial virus and Pasteurella spp in calf respiratory disease.

In a natural outbreak of respiratory disease during 1976, 31 of 43 calves showed moderately severe clinical signs which included pyrexia (maximum 42 degrees C) and tachypnoea. During the outbreak infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was demonstrated by isolation from nasopharyngeal swabs or by serology. Pasteurella haemolytica or P multocida were isolated from the blood of four and five calves respectively. In the month before disease 65 per cent of the calves showed significant antibody responses to P haemolytica. However a similar serological response to P haemolytica was demonstrated during 1975 in a comparable group of calves in which no disease and no infection with RSV was detected. No serological response to P multocida was demonstrated in either year. The temporal correlation of RSV infection with respiratory disease in the group of 43 calves was striking but the evidence neither reinforced nor discounted the possibility of interaction between RSV and P haemolytica infection in the pathogenesis of disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pasteurella multocida infection of poultry farm rats.

Thirty-four rat carcases from 11 poultry farms were examined for the presence of Pasteurella multocida; 14 out of 34 (41 per cent) proved positive after mouse inoculation, compared with five out of 34 (14 per cent) using media alone. No salmonellae were recovered from 27 rat carcases using enrichment media. Poultry pasteurellosis was present on two farms with infected rats and the same serotype was present in rats and poultry in those cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Virulence and morphology of Pasteurella multocida of avian origin.

The virulence of 100, 54 and nine avian isolates of Pasteurella multocida for mice, chickens and turkey poults respectively was assessed and rated on a scale from 0 to 5. Cellular and colonial morphology of the bacteria was examined after mouse passage. There was evidence of a considerable range in the virulence of the isolates for the test species, but no correlation between cellular or colonial morphology and virulence was detected. The results obtained are discussed in relation to general epidemiological considerations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Investigation to determine whether healthy chickens and turkeys are oral carriers of Pasteurella multocida.

To investigate to what extent healthy chickens and turkeys may be carriers of Pasteurella multocida, oral swabs were examined from birds in flocks with or without a history of avian pasteurellosis. In all 841 specimens were examined by cultural methods but 142 were also tested by mouse inoculation. P multocida was not found in specimens from normal healthy flocks but was recovered from some live chickens in known infected flocks and from dead turkeys on an infected farm. The implications of these findings are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Development of a combined clostridial and Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine for sheep.

The efficacy of a multicomponent clostridial vaccine containing Pasteurella haemolytica antigens was tested in specific pathogen free or conventionally reared lambs exposed to experimental infection with P haemolytica serotypes A1, A2 or A6. In four experiments assessment was based upon the findings of clinical, pathological and bacteriological examinations. Three experiments carried out in conventionally reared lambs demonstrated protection against challenge infection with P haemolytica serotypes A1, A2 and A6 in vaccinated lambs. However, the inconsistency of the disease induced in these experiments emphasised the need to perform definitive studies in specific pathogen free conditions. The final experiment was carried out with specific pathogen free lambs and confirmed the efficacy of the multicomponent clostridial vaccine containing P haemolytica antigen in protecting against the effects of infection with P haemolytica serotype A6. In addition, this experiment indicated that the inclusion of several components in a vaccine did not affect the efficacy of an individual antigenic component.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Protection against progressive atrophic rhinitis by vaccination with Pasteurella multocida toxin purified by monoclonal antibodies.

Pasteurella multocida toxin was purified by affinity chromatography and inactivated by treatment with formaldehyde before use as a single component vaccine against progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs. Twenty pregnant gilts which were vaccinated twice before farrowing with either low or high doses of the purified toxoid, developed dose-dependent positive serum and colostrum titres to the toxin and, unlike the progeny of 10 untreated control gilts, the offspring of the vaccinated gilts also had serum titres. These titres could be measured in blood samples taken for more than eight weeks from birth for most pigs born to gilts vaccinated with low doses and more than 12 weeks for pigs born to gilts vaccinated with high doses of the vaccine. All the piglets were inoculated intranasally with Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic P multocida. The clinical and post mortem examinations of snouts revealed a significant reduction in the frequency and degree of conchal atrophy in the two groups of pigs from the vaccinated gilts compared with the pigs from control gilts. Clinically 90 per cent of the snouts of pigs born to vaccinated gilts appeared normal whereas only 28 per cent of the snouts of control pigs were not shortened or deviated at eight weeks of age. At slaughter 11 per cent of the pigs born to vaccinated gilts and 81 per cent of the control pigs had severe turbinate atrophy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella choleraesuis isolates from pigs.

The in vitro susceptibility of 839 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, 969 isolates of Pasteurella multocida and 104 isolates of Salmonella choleraesuis from pigs to the fluoroquinolone danofloxacin, and eight other commonly used antimicrobial drugs was determined by veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Europe, Japan, South Africa and North America between 1989 and 1991, by using a broth microdilution technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of danofloxacin, amoxycillin, ceftiofur, erythromycin, gentamicin, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin and trimethoprim:sulphamethoxazole (ratio 1:19) that prevented the growth of 90 per cent of the bacteria were 0.125, < or = 0.5, < or = 0.125, 8, 8, 32, 32, 64 and < or = 0.25 microgram/ml for A pleuropneumoniae, 0.06, 1, < or = 0.125, 8, 4, 64, 8, 32 and 8 micrograms/ml for P multocida, and 0.125, > 64, < or = 1, > 64, 1, > 64, > 64, 64 and < or = 0.25 microgram/ml for S choleraesuis. These data confirm the high in vitro potency of danofloxacin against field isolates that show significant resistance to several other antibacterial drugs.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy of doxycycline in feed for the control of pneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in fattening pigs.

A multicentre, controlled, randomised and blinded study was carried out in three French pig herds to assess the efficacy of doxycycline administered in the feed for the control of pneumonia. About 20 per cent of 363 pigs from the three fattening units were diseased at the start of the study. Pneumonic lesions were found on pigs examined postmortem and Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the lungs of pigs in all the herds. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed either by detection in pneumonic lungs or by seroconversion in pigs sampled three weeks apart. P multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were isolated from 64 per cent, 50 per cent and 2 per cent, respectively, of 148 nasal swabs. The following variables were significantly different between the treated and untreated groups (P < or = 0.001): the incidence of diseased pigs during the three weeks from the start of treatment (8.1 per cent in treated group v 35.4 per cent in control group), mean daily weight gain over the same period (934 g/day in the treated group v 834 g/day in the control group) and the cure rate of pigs which were diseased at the start of treatment (73.5 per cent in treated group v 35.3 per cent in control group). These data demonstrate that an average dose of 11 mg doxycycline/kg bodyweight per day in feed for eight days was effective in controlling pneumonia due to P multocida and M hyopneumoniae in these fattening pigs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Detection of Pasteurella multocida in pigs with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.

Comprehensive bacterial cultures were made on samples from 20 pigs that had died of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome after a short clinical illness. Eleven species of porcine bacterial pathogens and a range of commensal organisms were isolated. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 16 of the 20 cases but the other pathogens occurred much less commonly. P. multocida was isolated from between one and five sites per case and from the tonsils, retropharyngeal lymph node or lungs in 14 of the 16 cases. Immunohistochemical investigations of kidneys from 30 cases of the syndrome (including the 20 cases in the bacteriological study) revealed P. multocida-specific staining in 26 of the cases, primarily in the renal tubular epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules, but also in the glomeruli, in lesions of renal vasculitis and in the cytoplasm of interstitial mononuclear cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Protection of piglets against atrophic rhinitis by vaccinating the sow with a vaccine against Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica.

The efficacy of a new vaccine against atrophic rhinitis in pigs was tested in the Netherlands and Denmark. The vaccine contained protein dO (a truncated Pasteurella multocida toxin which is immunogenic and non-toxic), inactivated Bordetella bronchiseptica whole cells, and an adjuvant. The sows were either vaccinated intramuscularly with 2 ml of the vaccine at six to eight and two to four weeks before expected farrowing or left unvaccinated as controls. All the piglets were challenged intranasally with B bronchiseptica when three to seven days old and with P multocida three to four days later. Pigs born to the vaccinated sows performed significantly better than pigs born to the control sows when judged on growth, average daily weight gain and snout scores. The challenge organisms were reisolated more frequently from the control pigs than from the pigs in the vaccinated group. The vaccinated sows and their progeny developed high titres of antibodies against B bronchiseptica and P multocida toxin.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography and lung function testing with the clinical signs and pathology of calves inoculated experimentally with Pasteurella multocida.

Seventeen calves were inoculated intratracheally with Pasteurella multocida 0 on three consecutive days with 10 ml of an inoculum containing 10(9) colony forming units/ml per day per calf. Before the first inoculation and 24 hours after the third, each calf was examined non-invasively by means of a clinical examination, chest ultrasonography, and impulse oscillometry to measure the impedance of the respiratory system. The inoculation of P multocida caused fever and a significant increase in respiratory rate and a decrease in tidal volume. There were also significant changes in the ultrasonographic results and in the impedance of the respiratory system. The percentage of the total surface area of the lungs showing pathological changes when the calves were euthanased 48 hours after the third inoculation ranged from 0.4 to 39 per cent. There were statistically significant correlations between the ultrasound scores and the pathological findings and between the ultrasound scores and the respiratory rate and tidal volume. The changes in the impedance of the respiratory system were not correlated with either the ultrasonographic or the pathological findings.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Comparative analyses of Pasteurella multocida strains associated with the ovine respiratory and vaginal tracts.

Thirty-five isolates of Pasteurella multocida from the vagina and respiratory tract of sheep were compared by analysing their capsular polysaccharide types and outer membrane protein profiles. The phylogenetic relationships of selected isolates with respect to reference strains of P. multocida were also determined by comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Three capsular types, A, D and F, and three major outer membrane protein types were identified, and there were four different combinations of these characteristics which probably marked four individual clones of P. multocida. Strains representing three of these clones were recovered from cases of ovine pneumonia, whereas isolates of the fourth clone were associated exclusively with the vagina of healthy ewes and the liver of a dead septicaemic lamb on the same farm. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences showed that there was 100 per cent identity between representative pneumonic isolates and reference strains of P. multocida subspecies galliseptica and P. multocida subspecies multocida. The 16S rRNA genes of representative vaginal and liver isolates from the same farm were identical but differed from the other strains at one nucleotide position, providing strong evidence that the vaginal and liver isolates represent a distinct subpopulation of P. multocida.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Characterization of an immunogenic fraction of Pasteurella multocida culture filtrates.

An immunogenic fraction (IF) of Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059 was separated from culture filtrate by Sephadex gel filtration. Additional fractionation of IF with aqueous ether resulted in the glycoprotein-like preparation (GLP) while extraction with aqueous phenol provided the lipopolysaccharide-like preparation (LPP). The unextracted IF contained carbohydrate, protein, and lipid; the GLP contained carbohydrate and protein; and the LPP contained carbohydrate and lipid. The GLP was maximally protective for mice against homologous challenge, and was medially toxic in rabbit skin when compared to the other culture-filtrate preparations; the LPP was maximally toxic in rabbit skin, and was least protective for mice; and the unextracted IF was medially protective for mice, and was least toxic in rabbit skin.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Twenty-Three Years of Surveillance in Chinese Avian Pasteurella multocida Reveals Declining Antimicrobial Resistance but Increasing Therapeutic Challenges.

Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is an important veterinary and zoonotic pathogen that causes significant economic losses in poultry production. However, long-term surveillance studies integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), biocide tolerance, and genomic epidemiology of Pm remain scarce. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility, biocide tolerance, and the phenotypic associations of 136 avian Pm isolates collected from six provinces in China between 2002 and 2024. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to characterize population structure, identify antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and assess genotype-phenotype concordance. The A:L1:ST129 lineage remained the predominant clone throughout the 23-year surveillance period, with a high prevalence of AMR-associated traits observed within this lineage. Although resistance to several commonly used antimicrobial classes declined significantly after 2021, florfenicol resistance continued to increase, suggesting an emerging challenge for the clinical management of pasteurellosis. While the isolates generally exhibited low tolerance to the four representative biocides tested, phenotypic correlations were observed between AMR profiles and biocide tolerance patterns. Furthermore, substantial phenotype-genotype discordance was observed, indicating that the presence of ARGs alone may not be sufficient to accurately predict antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall, this study provides a longitudinal assessment of long-term AMR trends, biocide tolerance, and genomic epidemiology of avian Pm in China, offering epidemiological evidence for monitoring AMR trends and improving antimicrobial management strategies in poultry production.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

An interesting case of failed renal transplant complicated by a lymphocele infected with Pasteurella multocida and a review of the literature.

Lymphoceles are a well-known complication of renal transplant surgery and can be asymptomatic or present with a variety of symptoms and complications. We describe a patient who presented with a Pasteurella multocida infection of a lymphocele which occurred 3 weeks after a course of penicillin for a cat bite and 10 months after a renal transplant nephrectomy. We also will review the incidence, predisposing factors, origin, symptomatology, diagnosis, complications, and treatments of post-renal transplant lymphoceles.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Necrotizing fasciitis due to Pasteurella multocida infection.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially fatal clinical disease caused by infection with various bacteria in addition to streptococci, which are common causative agents. We report on a rare case of this disease in association with Pasteurella multocida infection. A 58-year-old man had systemic features of shock after a 15-hour history of a painful swelling on the right lower leg. The swelling led to skin blistering and necrosis from which P. multocida was isolated. Those lesions progressed rapidly. The patient also had a history of chronic liver injury as described in previous reports.

Blister↗
PubMed1996

Oral immunization of rabbits against Pasteurella multocida with an alginate microsphere delivery system.

Oral delivery of microencapsulated antigens is a potential means to vaccinate rabbits against Pasteurella multocida, a common bacterial pathogen. Groups of five rabbits were dosed orally on days 0, 7, and 14 with alginate microspheres prepared to contain no added protein, 5 mg of a potassium thiocyanate extract of P. multocida (PTE), or 5 mg of PTE with 200 micrograms of cholera toxin (CT). In addition, groups were dosed orally with 5 mg of soluble PTE with or without 200 micrograms CT, intranasally (IN) with 1 mg of soluble PTE, or with saline. Serum and nasal lavage samples collected prior to initial immunization and 10, 16, and 21 days later were assayed by ELISA for anti-PTE IgG and IgA. Strong nasal lavage IgA and serum IgG activities were found in samples from rabbits immunized with PTE IN or orally when incorporated into microspheres. Addition of CT did not significantly enhance either response. To examine the development of protective immunity, groups were similarly immunized and challenge-exposed IN on day 16 with 10(6) CFU of P. multocida. One week later, rabbits were euthanized, and specimens from the lungs, nasopharynx, liver, and inner ear were cultured for P. multocida. Less severe infections of the lung and nasopharynx developed in rabbits immunized with PTE IN or orally in microspheres, with or without added CT. In addition, culture of liver and tympanic bullae samples from these rabbits yielded growth of P. multocida less frequently compared to other P. multocida-challenged rabbits. Coadministration of CT and PTE did not significantly improve protective immunity to challenge.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

The pathogenesis of persistent turbinate atrophy induced by toxigenic Pasteurella multocida in pigs.

Six one-week-old piglets were pretreated with a 1% acetic acid solution for two days in one or both nostrils. Three piglets were not treated with acetic acid. Three days after treatment all nine piglets were inoculated in both nostrils with a toxigenic type D strain of Pasteurella multocida. Three piglets were killed seven days after inoculation; one died spontaneously 13 days after inoculation and the remaining pigs were killed at approximately 90 kg body weight, i.e., five to six months of age. All acetic acid-treated animals developed severe atrophy of the turbinates in the treated nostrils. Untreated nostrils were normal. The present results showed that toxigenic P. multocida can induce turbinate atrophy that persisted until 90 kg body weight when the lesions were similar to spontaneous atrophic rhinitis in pigs. The turbinate atrophy was not accompanied by inflammatory reaction, atrophy of other bone structures, or lesions in other organs. The experiment showed furthermore that toxigenic P. multocida may be present in the tonsils of control animals without causing turbinate atrophy. A pathogenesis for atrophic rhinitis in pigs is proposed.

Acetates↗