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PubMed1985

[Prediction of ovulation by echographic monitoring and the appearance of the double outline of the follicle].

Using ultrasound examination of the ovary routinely has given us an opportunity to find a sign that is always present when ovulation is about to occur. It consists in the appearance of a double contour inside the wall of the follicle, the outline of the wall losing its sharpness (due to the separation of the cellular mass of the granulosa). In 55 cases studied by ultrasound and laparoscopy there were 34 proven ovulations. The sign was present in 29 of these cases (85%). In 21 cases when ovulation did not take place the sign was present in only 2 cases (9.5%). This important sign therefore can be used in every case where it is necessary to work out the exact moment of ovulation for artificial insemination or in vitro fertilisation.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Heterotopic autotransplantation of the ovary in women].

Treatment of subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's diseases with combined radio- and chemotherapy results in castration of more than 80% of the women treated, despite oophoropexy. We suggest a new technique of subcutaneous ovarian grafting which provides full protection against irradiation and preserves both ovarian function and fertility. To be successful this technique requires the creation, prior to grafting, of a receptive cavity, two surgical teams working together, and the use of an operative microscope during transplantation. A mature oocyte was collected by puncture of the ovary-containing cavity one year after the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Circatrigintan hormonal and skin surface temperature rhythms following hysterectomy.

Starting 2.5 weeks after removal of her uterus, but not of her ovaries, a 34-year-old, clinically healthy woman contributed a daily blood sample at 0900 and measured her skin surface temperature on her right breast above the nipple and just below the right breast daily for the ensuing 2 months. In aliquots of serum stored frozen, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined in the United States; these hormones and prolactin, estradiol (E2), progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), and free testosterone were determined in Italy. Hormonal data were analyzed by least-squares rhythmometry with and without the data obtained around the FSH-LH surge, to assess any circatrigintan variation. Technically, there is good agreement between the rhythm characteristics of the series of determinations made in Italy and the United States. A circatrigintan rhythm is thus quantified for LH, FSH, prolactin, E2, progesterone, and testosterone. Analyses of the differential skin surface temperature (DST) between the two sites were carried out to examine the usefulness of this variable as a marker rhythm for a noninvasive assessment of the time of ovulation. Features as prominent as the LH and FSH surge, which would render the noninvasive assessment of ovulation time more reliable, were not found in the DST of the subject under the conditions examined, even if a circatrigintan component is demonstrable for DST and some of the hormones examined after hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cervicovaginal peroxidases: sex hormone control and potential clinical uses.

Thirty-one normal women were studied daily in 41 cycles. Venous blood samples were taken for measurements of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P), and vaginal examinations were done to obtain cervical mucus and vaginal fluid. The specific activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GP), extracted from cervicovaginal secretions with 0.5 M CaCl2, was determined in the vaginal samples. In the follicular phase, from day -7 to day 0 (the LH +1 day, when ovulation presumably occurred), there was a strong negative correlation between GP and the rising E2 (r = -0.94). On days 1 to 10 after ovulation, there was a strong positive correlation between GP and P (r = 0.84). In nine ovulatory cycles in which P levels did not exceed 8 ng/ml on any day, indicating possible luteal phase inadequacy, there were significantly lower GP levels than in another 32 ovulatory cycles with higher P (P = 0.04). These results suggest that (1) at midcycle, E2 seems to "down-regulate" the GP specific activity; and (2) in the luteal phase, serum P levels parallel those of GP activity, even in the presence of high luteal E2. GP activity profiles during the menstrual cycle can be used to define the fertile period, may prove useful in diagnosing pregnancy, and may be a simple, convenient test for an inadequate corpus luteum.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sequential hormone measurements after menstrual regulation in normal Nigerian women.

The objective of this study was to examine the dynamics of the pituitary hormones (LH, FSH and Prolactin) and Progesterone in normal adult Nigerian women during the first cycle after a menstrual regulation for delayed periods. Hence, eleven healthy volunteers aged between 19 and 35 years were recruited. All the subjects had consulted the Family Planning Clinic for menstrual regulation. Venepuncture was performed immediately before and every other day after the procedure until the onset of the first menstrual period. Serum from the samples were stored at -20 degrees C and later assayed for LH, FSH, Prolactin and Progesterone. The results showed that nine patients (82%) had a demonstrable LH peak whilst seven patients (64%) had a luteal phase serum progesterone in excess of 6 nmol/l. These criteria were used for the diagnosis of ovulation. The combination of two or three indices i.e. LH + FSH peak (64%) LH + Progesterone (64%) LH + FSH + Progesterone (55%) did not seem to confer any special advantages in terms of the diagnosis of ovulation. These results are considered as further evidence for the need to provide contraception in the first cycle after an abortion in women who do not wish to get pregnant immediately.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of ovulation with the assessment of LH and the E1G/P2G ratio in urinary samples.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two immuno-enzymatic urinary tests (Clearpan for LH secretion and Oveia for E1 G/P2G ratio) in the study of the oophorogenous function, in the prediction of ovulation, and in the recognition of the period of fertility. Both tests are very promising for a retrospective evaluation of the oophorogenous function; for the prediction of ovulation in spontaneous cycle, the Clearpan test is certainly preferable; in the monitoring of the ovulation in the cycles stimulated with post-menopausal gonadotropins, the Oveia test finds better application when accompanied by ultrasonographic evaluation; in the recognition of the fertile period, both tests shown a certain degree of doubt, so they cannot be used with surety.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Method and evaluation of hormone assays in practical obstetrics and gynecology].

Hormone assays are very important in obstetrics and gynecology. Today, I want to talk about how to measure hormones and how to evaluate the data obtained for therapeutic purposes. In humans, there are two mechanisms of control, neural control and endocrine control. Generally speaking, the neural system controls organs directly via various neurotransmitters, while the endocrine system controls organs by hormones transported in the blood. In fact, recent progress in hormone research has shown that this concept should be modified, because some hormones act as neurotransmitters or regulate other cells or even endocrine cells themselves in the same organ. But I shall not go into this. Today's lecture is focused on hormones that are closely related to clinical obstetrics and gynecology. The hormones that are important are those in females, reproduction, and pregnancy, and tumors. First, and most important, is that patients acquire femininity in the physiological and psychological sense by hormones. The hormones closely related to this are estrogens and pituitary hormones. For reproduction, cyclic hormonal change is important. In the reproductive period, women have menstruation and ovulation along with cyclic changes of ovarian and pituitary hormones. After conception, various kinds of hormones, including hCG, HPL and estriol, are secreted from the feto-placental system. These hormones are used clinically as a markers of placental function. Hormones also have important roles in oncology. hCG is an excellent marker of trophoblastic diseases. Endometrial cancer is expected respond to large doses of progestins if they have progesterone receptors. There are three types of hormone assays, biological assays, immunological assays and chemical assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Determination of ovulation and pregnancy in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) by monitoring of urinary hydroxypregnanolone excretion.

In Callithrix jacchus the urinary excretion of hydroxypregnanolone (5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol-20-one) shows a luteal rise during the ovulatory cycle. This progesterone metabolite can therefore be used as an indication of ovulation, implantation, and subsequently for the persistence of the pregnancy. The excretion can be monitored by high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and postchromatographic derivatization after enzymatic hydrolysis of the conjugate. Profiles of urinary hydroxypregnanolone levels are presented and correlated with luteinizing hormone excretion. The method is noninvasive and therefore suited for long-term studies in these monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ovulation monitored by serum 17 beta-estradiol and ultrasound: differential ovarian response to human gonadotropins in various anovulatory states.

Ovulation induction with human gonadotropins (hMG or pFSH and hCG) was simultaneously monitored with daily serum 17 beta-estradiol measurements and ultrasound in 38 infertile women. They were subgrouped as follows: A, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (n. 7); B, polycystic ovary syndrome (n. 13); C, non-PCO chronic anovulation (n. 6); D, unexplained infertility (n. 12). The dose of hMG and the duration of therapy were assessed individually depending on the results of the monitoring when serum estradiol concentration was 500-1500 pg/ml and/or ultrasound showed of a follicle of at least 18 mm, hMG was stopped and hCG was administered 36 hours later. Ovulation was obtained in 61 cases and pregnancy occurred in 12 women out of 64 monitored cycles. The highest pregnancy rate was observed in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; this group also required the greatest total dose of hMG to obtain ovulation. We confirm that women with PCOS are at increased risk with this therapy, since 5 subjects in our series showed signs of ovarian hyperstimulation in spite of the lowest total dose of FSH administered to this group. We conclude that anovulatory states of various origin are associated with different ovarian sensitivity.

Adult↗