Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ORTHODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention?

Retention is one of the most difficult challenges facing the clinician in orthodontics. In this article we collate current knowledge regarding the origin of orthodontic relapse and attempt to rationalize the necessary factors in planning orthodontic retention. Despite extensive research, the various elements leading to relapse of treated malocclusions are incompletely understood, giving rise to wide variation in retention protocols among clinicians. Informed consent-with emphasis on the features of the original malocclusion and the patient's growth pattern, the type of treatment performed, the need for adjunctive surgical procedures, the type of retainer, and the duration of retention-should be obtained during the planning of the retention phase. True perspective on orthodontic retention is lacking and there is a great need for further research to ensure that evidence-based clinical practice is adopted in retention strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effects of water immersion on mechanical properties of new esthetic orthodontic wire.

New fiber-reinforced plastic orthodontic wire (FRP wire) was fabricated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for the matrix and biocompatible CaO-P(2)O(5)-SiO(2)-Al(2)O(3) (CPSA) glass fibers for fibers that have not only high esthetics but also mechanical properties similar to those of metal wires. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water immersion on the mechanical properties of this new wire. The fiber-reinforced plastic orthodontic wire specimens were 0.5 mm in diameter with 29.1% to 60. 4% volume fraction of fibers that were 20 microm in diameter. A three-point flexural test was performed to obtain the elastic modulus and flexural load at the deflection of 1 mm under dry and wet conditions. Stress relaxation of the wires was tested under dry and wet conditions, and the wire diameters were measured before and at 20 days after immersion. The results showed that there were changes in the elastic modulus up until 10 days and in flexural load up until 20 days after immersion. The values of these two at 30 days after immersion were 93% and 87%, respectively, of those before immersion. Stress relaxation occurred rapidly from the start of immersion until about 60 minutes under dry conditions and about 120 minutes under wet conditions and then approached saturation. The swelling of hydrated fiber-reinforced plastic orthodontic wires affected the wire diameter, although this effect was not significant. The results of this study therefore suggest that the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced plastic orthodontic wires are reduced by water immersion in the initial stage.

Dental Materials↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of skeletal and dental anomalies and normal variants seen in cephalometric and other radiographs of orthodontic patients.

Pretreatment cephalometric radiographs may contain important incidental findings that require attention before orthodontic therapy. A review of the cephalometric and dental radiographs of 325 consecutive healthy orthodontic patients revealed 431 notable findings of the skull, cervical spine, and maxillofacial complex. Most of these findings were nonpathologic anomalies or normal variants. If recognized as such by the orthodontist, no further evaluation would be required, thus avoiding unnecessary costs and patient anxiety. However, there were 15 findings (3.5%) that required additional evaluation by physicians or oral and maxillofacial surgeons before or concurrent with the initiation of orthodontic therapy. Familiarity with the appearance and prevalence of skeletal and dental anomalies and normal variants seen in cephalometric radiographs, and the ability to separate those that require follow-up from those that do not, is an important facet of orthodontic practice.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1999

Prospective survey of percutaneous injuries in orthodontic assistants.

This prospective diary survey provides documentation concerning the occurrence of percutaneous injury among orthodontic chairside assistants in the United States and Canada. A 20-day period was used to collect data regarding exposure to injuries; 693 valid responses were received from orthodontic assistants. Most chairside assistants in this sample work in a solo practice and average 33 hours per week treating patients for 49 weeks per year. The study identified a percutaneous injury rate of 0.11 for chairside assistants during this period, a rate than can be extrapolated to 1.4 episodes of percutaneous injury per year per chairside assistant. The majority of these injuries occurred outside the mouth. Those assistants with longer orthodontic experience had a lower injury rate than those with less experience. The rate of percutaneous injury to dental assistants was slightly higher than the annual rate (0.99) for orthodontists monitored by means of a companion survey and slightly lower than the rate (1.9) for a smaller sample of orthodontists from the American Dental Association survey of 1995. The annual rate of percutaneous injury for orthodontic chairside assistants is less than half of that observed for dentists in general practice.

Canada↗
PubMed1996

Managing complex orthodontic problems: the use of implants for anchorage.

Today implants are commonly used to replace missing teeth in partially edentulous adult orthodontic patients. Because these patients are missing teeth, orthodontic mechanics may be complicated or often impossible because of insufficient anchorage. In these situations, it may be feasible to use the implant initially as an orthodontic anchor to facilitate complex tooth movement and secondarily as an abutment for a crown or fixed prosthesis. This article will discuss the ramifications and requirements for using implants as anchors and abutments in adult orthodontic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Developing outcome measures in orthodontics that reflect patient and provider values.

During the past decade, emphasis in orthodontics has been directed toward the development of outcome measures from both the patient and clinician perspectives. New methodological standards of rigor have been introduced into research design to eliminate bias and test well-defined questions. Sample size calculations and established exclusion and inclusion criteria define sample populations and the ability to statistically accept or reject hypothesis-driven clinical studies. Although advances in our understanding of evidence-based medicine and dentistry from the provider perspective have been productive, the emerging value placed on patient perspective has not been as forthcoming. The emphasis placed on patient-oriented clinical research has resulted in new constructs of surveys and questionnaires in which the items are derived and tested from the patient's point of view. Because orthodontics is a condition without the natural history of a disease process for which no intervention has predictable consequences, new strategies have been developed to estimate need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Studies to measure seekers and nonseekers of orthodontic treatment are reported, as well as sex and cross-cultural issues in the use of established process and outcome measures. The design of clinical studies is discussed in the context of future directions for clinical research, and the usefulness of the information generated will directly relate to providing patients with the necessary information to make decisions and hence knowledgeably give informed consent for treatment interventions.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1998

An advanced system for the simulation and planning of orthodontic treatment.

This paper presents a new system for three-dimensional (3-D) orthodontic treatment planning and movement of teeth. We describe a computer vision technique for the acquisition and processing of 3-D images of the profile of hydrocolloid dental imprints. Profile measurement is based on the triangulation method which detects deformation of the projection of a laser line on the dental imprints. The system is computer-controlled and designed to achieve depth and lateral resolutions of 0.1 and 0.2 mm, respectively, within a depth range of 40 mm. The 3-D image of the imprint is segmented in order to identify different teeth. Two operators are presented: one for the detection of molars and premolars based on a directional gradient, and one for incisors and canines based on 3-D registration with dental models contained in a database. We apply these 3-D dental models to simulate the 3-D movement of teeth, including rotations, during orthodontic treatment. With this objective, we have developed an original simplified model of arch-wire behaviour and a viscoplastic behaviour law for the alveolar bone in order to simulate teeth displacements during orthodontic treatment. The contribution of the paper is part of a diagnosis system (called MAGALLANES) that is designed to replace manual measurement methods, which use costly plaster models, with computer measurement methods and teeth movement simulation using cheap hydrocolloid dental wafers. This procedure will reduce the cost and acquisition time of orthodontic data and facilitate the conduct of epidemiological studies.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Interdisciplinary treatment planning for orthodontic-prosthetic implant anchorage in a partially edentulous patient.

Successful orthodontic treatment is characterized by optimal anchorage control. Teeth or groups of teeth are united to counteract biomechanical reactive forces during orthodontic treatment. These classic anchorage control mechanisms are less efficient or even non-existent in partially edentulous patients who are missing multiple posterior teeth. However, osseointegrated oral implants ad modum Brånemark can provide optimal anchorage control for orthodontic tooth alignment and rehabilitation of occlusion through prosthetic implant restorations. Careful multidisciplinary planning based on complex diagnostic wax setup casts to determine exact implant location and orientation in line with future orthodontic tooth displacements and prosthetic implant crown restorations is the most important step in the overall treatment planning.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of removable orthodontic appliances on oral colonisation by mutans streptococci in children.

Little is known about the effect of removable orthodontic appliances on oral colonisation by mutans streptococci (MS). In the present study, the frequency of isolation and serotype distribution of MS were evaluated in two groups of children, one undergoing therapy with removable appliances and the other not subjected to any kind of orthodontic treatment, respectively. Streptococci isolated from dental plaque samples from both groups of children were identified as mutans streptococci on the basis of their morphological and biochemical properties and were then serotyped in an enzyme immuno-assay using monoclonal antibodies. The number of subjects harbouring MS in their dental plaque was statistically higher in the group of orthodontic children without caries experience (CF) in comparison with CF children of the control group (10/12, 83.3% vs. 15/44, 34%). No clear difference was observed in the distribution of the different MS serotypes between the experimental and control group: S. mutans c,f serotype was the most frequently isolated in both groups of children followed by S. mutans serotype e and S. sobrinus serotype g. Such results suggest that the use of removable appliances may lead to the creation of new retentive areas and surfaces, which favour the local adherence and growth of MS. The data obtained stress the importance of a careful monitoring of patients treated orthodontically for risk of caries development.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2002

Combined apexification and orthodontic intrusion of a traumatically extruded immature permanent incisor.

A patient with a traumatic extrusion of the maxillary right central incisor was referred to the Pedodontic Clinic of Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry after 15 days. Orthodontic repositioning of the tooth was planned in 6 months. At the beginning of orthodontic therapy it was observed that the tooth was necrotic and needed an apexification procedure. The apexification procedure and orthodontic intrusion were successfully performed at the same time. In addition, a "walking bleach" was performed after the orthodontic and endodontic procedures were completed. At the 3-year recall, the tooth appeared normal in all respects.

Child↗
PubMed2000

The first orthodontic diploma.

The advent of the Inter-Collegiate Membership in Orthodontics in the year 2000 will mark the end of an orthodontic diploma specific to the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. The Diploma in Dental Orthopaedics (RCPS) was the first orthodontic diploma in the United Kingdom. The fact that such a diploma has existed first as a DDO and latterly as the MDO (Membership) for some 50 years is remarkable in view of the relative infancy of most dental specialties and the fact that the General Dental Council has instigated a specialist register in orthodontics as recently as 1998. It was 1965, before other specialty diplomas became available in the British Isles, with the introduction of the FFD by the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.

Education, Dental, Graduate↗
PubMed2000

An investigation of patient management methods used for orthodontic extractions by general dental practitioners in north west England.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the patient management methods used by dental practitioners for orthodontic extractions and to determine what factors influence their choice of method. DESIGN: Practitioners working in the General Dental Service in the area of the former North West Regional Health Authority were randomly sampled and sent a postal questionnaire. SETTING: General Dental Service in the North West of England. SUBJECTS: 204 completed questionnaires were returned; a response rate of 71.1%. INTERVENTIONS: Practitioners were asked about the patient management methods that they used for orthodontic extractions and what factors were important in choosing to use a general anaesthetic. OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean percentages of patients treated with local anaesthetic alone, general anaesthesia and inhalation sedation with local anaesthesia were calculated for the sample. Factors influencing the choice of method used were scored by the practitioners on a ten point scale. RESULTS: Local anaesthesia alone was used for two thirds of orthodontic extraction patients and general anaesthesia for one third. Inhalation sedation was rarely used. Poor patient cooperation and a nervous patient were the most important factors in choosing a general anaesthetic. CONCLUSIONS: Local anaesthesia is used for the majority of orthodontic extractions. However there remains an overuse of general anaesthesia and an underuse of inhalation sedation.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Are specialist outreach clinics for orthodontic consultation effective? A randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To develop outreach clinics for orthodontic consultation and evaluate their costs and effectiveness. DESIGN: Single centre randomised controlled trial with random allocation of referred patients to outreach or main base consultation appointments. SETTING: One hospital orthodontic department and three community health centre clinics in Greater Manchester. Subjects 324 patients who were referred for orthodontic treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome of consultation, the cost and duration of the visit and the consumer's perceptions of the visit. RESULTS: There were no differences in outcome of the consultation. While consumer travel costs and the duration of appointments were significantly higher for the main base clinics, these differences were not great. However, consumers preferred to attend an appointment in an outreach clinic. CONCLUSIONS: There do not appear to be marked advantages or disadvantages in providing consultation appointments for orthodontics in outreach clinics

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

The three-dimensional effects of orthodontic treatment on the facial soft tissues--a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the three-dimensional effects of extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment on the facial soft tissues. SETTING: Department of Orthodontics, Royal London Hospital. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of two prospective cohorts of patients who were attending for orthodontic treatment. METHOD 12 patients were included in each group, in accordance with the selection criteria. Three-dimensional optical surface scans of these patients were obtained in the one month prior to having fixed appliances placed and this was repeated at the end of treatment. RESULTS: The average face of the non-extraction patients was of greater general dimensions than the extraction average, both at the start and the end of treatment. During the fixed appliance treatment, the vermilion of the upper lip became more protrusive to a similar extent in both groups in relation to the reference plane. The lower lip vermilion and the philtrum showed no change for either group over the treatment time. The labiomental fold area showed a slightly greater forward movement in the extraction group with treatment. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional optical surface scanning allows data from the whole of the face to be assessed, as opposed to the lateral profile view used in the majority of the studies to date. The effects of the two types of treatment on the facial soft tissues were very similar, indicating that orthodontic treatment involving the extraction of teeth does not have a detrimental effect on the face.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Vocational training for GDPs--orthodontic module.

An orthodontic module for the vocational training scheme has been designed specifically with the needs of trainees in mind. It has the two-fold aim of streaming patients in relation to orthodontic requirement and providing a proper understanding of the very specific nature of interceptive measures so often advocated in relation to orthodontics. Due to its relative geographic isolation, the small area of Northern Ireland is an ideal region for a pilot scheme such as this. It may well be of interest to vocational advisers and those planning orthodontic input.

General Practice, Dental↗
PubMed1996

Do dentists refer orthodontic patients inappropriately?

One concern to both providers and consumers of orthodontic treatment is the length of new patient consultation waiting lists. A possible reason for the excessive length of these lists could be unnecessary referral of patients. This research project aimed to identify whether inappropriate referrals for new patient orthodontic consultations were a significant problem. The study was carried out in two FHSA areas in the north of England in two stages. The first part of the study involved an evaluation of GDP referral patterns to orthodontic secondary care providers. In the second part, information on the patients referred by the dentists was collected. We concluded that there was a marked variation in referral rates between the dentists and many patients were referred unnecessarily. Importantly, there was no association between dentists' referral rate and the number of inappropriate referrals made. It appears that referral guidelines for orthodontic treatment are necessary and they should be directed at all general dental practitioners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Teledentistry for screening new patient orthodontic referrals. Part 2: GDP perception of the referral system.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate GDP opinion about a teledentistry system to screen new patient orthodontic referrals. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire. SAMPLE: Two hundred general dental practitioners (GDPs) were approached from Stockport, Rochdale, Oldham, Bury and Bolton in Greater Manchester, and High Peak in Derbyshire. METHOD: A questionnaire about a teledentistry system for new orthodontic patients was developed, following interviews with eight GDPs participating in a teledentistry trial. The questionnaire was posted to another 200 GDPs who were asked questions on issues such as the efficiency of a teledentistry system; the usefulness of a teledentistry system from the patients' point of view; their view of a teledentistry system; and any concerns they had relating to security, confidentiality and consent. RESULTS: Seventy one per cent of GDPs thought teledentistry for orthodontic referrals would be a good idea. At least 90% of responders agreed or neither agreed nor disagreed that patients would benefit from such a system. Over half of GDPs agreed or strongly agreed that there would be implications on their surgery time, expense and equipment security. CONCLUSIONS: GDPs generally supported a teledentistry system for new patient orthodontic referrals. Although perceived patient advantages were agreed, GDPs tended to be less sure about the impact on them in terms of set-up expenses, time in the surgery and appropriate remuneration.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

The feminisation of the orthodontic workforce.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the status and activity of women in the UK orthodontic workforce. DESIGN AND SETTING: Postal questionnaire based on the UK orthodontic workforce. SUBJECTS: All orthodontic providers in the UK. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was circulated to the total study population. The variables studied relating to sex were numbers, age, number of sessions worked, productivity, professional status and retirement intentions. RESULTS: The response rate was 72.7%. 31.4% of the participants were female. The average age of female providers was 42.7 (SE 0.48) years, who were on average 4 years younger than males. Sixty-six percent of specialist trainees are women and 34% men. 41.5% of male providers and 31.6% of female providers plan to retire in the next 15 years. The mean number of sessions worked by women was 7.2 (SE 0.1) and men 8.2 (SE 0.1). Women completed 24.2 (SE 1.9) cases per session and men 25.6 (SE 1.3). CONCLUSIONS: The orthodontic workforce is becoming increasingly feminised. The cumulative effect of more women completing fewer cases will mean that workforce planners will need to consider increasing numbers to allow for this feminisation.

Adult↗