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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Microfluidic sorting system based on optical waveguide integration and diode laser bar trapping.

Effective methods for manipulating, isolating and sorting cells and particles are essential for the development of microfluidic-based life science research and diagnostic platforms. We demonstrate an integrated optical platform for cell and particle sorting in microfluidic structures. Fluorescent-dyed particles are excited using an integrated optical waveguide network within micro-channels. A diode-bar optical trapping scheme guides the particles across the waveguide/micro-channel structures and selectively sorts particles based upon their fluorescent signature. This integrated detection and separation approach streamlines microfluidic cell sorting and minimizes the optical and feedback complexity commonly associated with extant platforms.

Cell Culture Techniques↗
PubMed2005

International sexual reform and sexology in Europe, 1897-1933.

This paper looks at the relationship of sex reformers and sexology to social reform in Europe in the 20th century prior to the outbreak of World War I. It considers a variety of emerging sexual classification systems and national reform efforts, with special attention to Magnus Hirschfeld and the Institute for Sexual Science in Berlin, which was destroyed by the Nazis in 1933. It argues that during this time period the international connections between individual reformers and sexologists developed into a transnational network that was able, to a certain extent, to protect and encourage the rights of sexual minorities both within and beyond national borders.

Europe↗
PubMed2001

Diagnosis and management of oral soft-tissue lesions: the use of biopsy, toluidine blue staining, and brush biopsy.

Upon discovery of a lesion after thorough oral soft-tissue examination, the dentist is confronted with the often-troublesome decision of how best to manage the patient. The management protocol must provide for early diagnosis in the case of oral cancer so as to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality. Options for management would include an observation period of some defined time, use of toluidine blue stain or oral brush biopsy to screen the lesion, or immediate biopsy and follow-up. This article reviews the assets and limitations of each and suggests a rational, science-based approach to diagnosis and management.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Ensuring the future of optometry's graduate programs.

Financial burdens, time and family commitments, peer status, insecure feelings concerning academia, and continuing "student" stigma are some of the pressures that discourage optometrists from entering graduate programs in visual science or other fields. In order to ensure the continued future training of optometrists with additional graduate degrees, we must begin to develop better financial packages, proactive recruitment strategies, increased networking opportunities, more secure career opportunities, streamlined graduate programs, and the affirming of the rewards of graduate study by those who have had successful careers.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed2000

The Croatian telemedicine.

Telemedicine developed in Croatia in two phases. The first phase during the 1970s was limited because of insufficient technology and scarce resources. But that phase was important as a learning process and the preparatory stage for the promising future. The communications infrastructure was heavily destroyed during the 1991-92 war but it was reconstructed and rebuilt as a modern technology based on optical fibres. The new technical and technological infrastructure was the base for the development of CARNet (Croatian Academic and Research Network). CARNet was linked to the Internet and enabled the international exchange of information for the scientific community. Telemedicine projects started firstly as pilot projects around the same time as in other countries. They were financially covered mostly by the Ministry of Science either directly or through the CARNet. The telemedicine projects, like telepathology, teleradiology, teleneurosurgery, teleeducation, developed in a very sophisticated way and are now in the phase of implementation into the routine health practice. Some projects are still in the pilot phase, but thanks to highly trained professionals, they are promising and it can be expected that with the growing economic stuation they will be implemented soon.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Property-based design of GPCR-targeted library.

The design of a GPCR-targeted library, based on a scoring scheme for the classification of molecules into "GPCR-ligand-like" and "non-GPCR-ligand-like", is outlined. The methodology is a valuable tool that can aid in the selection and prioritization of potential GPCR ligands for bioscreening from large collections of compounds. It is based on the distillation of knowledge from large databases of GPCR and non-GPCR active agents. The method employed a set of descriptors for encoding the molecular structures and by training of a neural network for classifying the molecules. The molecular requirements were profiled and validated by using available databases of GPCR- and non-GPCR-active agents [5736 diverse GPCR-active molecules and 7506 diverse non-GPCR-active molecules from the Ensemble Database (Prous Science, 2002)]. The method enables efficient qualification or disqualification of a molecule as a potential GPCR ligand and represents a useful tool for constraining the size of GPCR-targeted libraries that will help speed up the development of new GPCR-active drugs.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1990

Ethnocentricity and the social construction of 'mass hysteria'.

This study provides a critical historical review and analysis of the variety of human expressions which have been erroneously labeled under the grandiose category "mass hysteria". It is argued that Western science reductionist approaches to the classification of "mass hysteria" treat it as an entity to be discovered transculturally, and in their self-fulfilling search for universals systematically exclude what does not fit within the autonomous parameters of its Western-biased culture model, exemplifying what Kleinman (1977) terms a "category fallacy." As a result of objectivist methodologies, the etiology of actions labeled as "mass hysteria" is typically viewed as deviant, irrational or abnormal behavior resulting from a malfunctioning 'proper' social order. However, what constitutes 'the' correct social order is a function of a researcher's historical sociocultural and/or scientific milieu. This study reviews the problem, advocating Geertz's (1973) culturally relativistic approach to understanding various cross-cultural behavior that is sensitive to and tolerant of the unique context and milieu of participants. "Mass" or "epidemic hysteria" is viewed as an invention of Western psychiatry and should be abandoned and replaced with the term collective exaggerated emotions. Instead of attempting to 'discover' a neatly packaged, unitary external disease entity, the focus of a meaning-oriented approach emphasizes the deciphering of foreign realities, semantic networks and symbol systems.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1994

High performance computing and communications: potential applications in cancer research.

Application of high performance computing and communications (HPCC) in the health care system has begun to unfold. Computers are increasingly being used in data information flow, patient management, diagnosis and in estimating prognosis, treatment, drug design, and the education, and training of health professionals. The fast gigabit network, three-dimensional displays of medical images, automation of laboratory testings, linkage of large databases, computer-aided diagnosis, and interpretation have revolutionized medical care. These achievements have been possible in large part due to rapidly advancing fields of software algorithms, computational science, and communication technologies that have enabled the user to remotely access and share information in consistent and cost-effective way regardless of their geographical location. The present article introduces several facets of 'HPCC grand challenges' and discusses the role of HPCC in cancer prevention and control through accurate diagnosis and prognosis, image analysis and interpretation, and faster database linkage for evaluating outcome of the cancer-related health services research.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

Nurse teachers' perceptions of information technology: a study of nurse teachers in Northern Ireland.

This paper presents the results of a brief study of Northern Ireland nurse educators' perceptions of information technology (IT) in nurse education. The study focuses on training, computer use, student assessment, and future trends. The results indicate that although there remain tutors who have not received any formal training in computer use, the majority want to use computers and recognize their need for competence. While training would appear to have a positive effect on their perceived level of competence and computer knowledge, the study identifies factors which contribute to the restricted use of computer assisted learning (CAL). Student assessment varies across the province and findings of the study indicate that although many changes have taken place, staff expect more in the future. They identify a need for policies that include training programmes, competence assessment, appropriate technology, and networking.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comprehensive integration of nutrition into medical training.

Nutrition must be integrated into the medical school curriculum to train physicians who can effectively provide nutrition care for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. This article describes the comprehensive nutrition curriculum developed at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Two fundamental principles have guided the school's approach to medical nutrition education: 1) nutrition content must be broad in nature and be vertically integrated across the preclinical and clinical years and continued through postgraduate training, and 2) active adult learning (eg, "learning by doing") should be practiced whenever possible. From our experience, we have identified several key elements important for the successful integration of nutrition into the curriculum. First, identifying a core group of committed faculty to advocate for nutrition and serve as role models and having a physician nutrition specialist at the helm provides constant momentum for the advancement of nutrition education. Second, establishing a network of linkages with other elements of the existing curriculum creates the opportunity to add nutrition content without necessarily adding time. The third key element is an emphasis on incorporating nutrition in clinical training. Students must be routinely exposed to physicians practicing nutrition for nutrition to become part of standard patient care. This can be accomplished through multiple exposures to nutrition throughout the curriculum (ie, vertical integration). Finally, a coordinator is needed to monitor the many "fronts" of the integrated nutrition curriculum and to continue networking and program implementation.

Colorado↗
PubMed1996

Building the electronic health sciences library for the twenty-first century: the Galter Library experience.

Constructing home pages for World-Wide Web access has become a major activity in academic health sciences libraries. At the Northwestern University, Galter Health Sciences Library staff are creating the library's new health information system using Web resources and integrating them with existing library systems-NUmed (OVID MEDLINE) and LUIS/NUcat (NOTIS). Development of Web pages, including selection and organization of electronic information, has become the building process for the electronic library. Selection, organization, design, and construction are important factors in the creation of an efficient and useful information system. Using resources like the World-Wide Web and tools like Netscape, library staff are designing an interface, defining policies and guidelines, and creating the tools that will give users easy access to local and international electronic, scholarly information resources. In this paper, the process used at Northwestern is shown as a model of an electronic health sciences library for the twenty-first century.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing community partnerships to promote adolescent health.

The author discusses a very successful community partnership entitled the "South Carolina Health Connection Project (SCHCP) established in the state of South Carolina to curtail the high incidence of teenage pregnancies in that state. Over 18 community organizations supported the project funded by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 1997 in which 2,000 youth participated.

Adolescent↗