Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “NETHERLANDS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Quality control of the private veterinary profession in The Netherlands.

It was as early as the 19th Century when attempts were first made to organise the veterinary profession in The Netherlands into a professional association. Since then, the Royal Veterinary Association of The Netherlands has developed into an organisation which fully promotes the interests of the profession. From the beginning, the issues of professional standards and veterinary legislation were given high priority, and codes of conduct were established with the aim of improving the quality of professional veterinary practice. Having some form of independent regulatory body has always been important for maintaining these professional standards, even if history has taught us that establishing such independent testing and sanctioning facilities is a laborious process that requires perseverance and patience. By organising the control of animal diseases and promoting public health (e.g. meat inspection), the veterinary profession has always had a key role to play in the food production industry, and quality control programmes that monitor the food production chain now make use of veterinary surgeons tested by external organisations. To avoid any semblance of a conflict of interest, a new organisational structure has been developed recently: the Veterinary Quality Organisation (VKO: Veterinair Kwaliteits Orgaan). The VKO maintains the register of qualified veterinarians, upholds standards and organises the independent quality control of the profession.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1993

Congenital hypothyroidism screening and the cutoff for thyrotropin measurement: recommendations from The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVES: There is little agreement as to the optimal cutoff point for thyrotropin testing in primary thyroxine screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism. Most programs in the United States use a cutoff point of 10% of the lowest thyroxine values, whereas in the Netherlands a cutoff point of 20% is used. Therefore, the results of the Dutch program may provide valuable information about the optimal cutoff point. METHODS: The frequency distribution of screening thyroxine values was studied in all cases of permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism (n = 481) detected in 1,601,603 screened children born during the period from January 1, 1981, to December 31, 1989, in the Netherlands. RESULTS: Programs using a 10% cutoff point would have missed 1.5% of cases. Above the 10% cutoff point, the marginal costs increase quite rapidly because of the escalating numbers of thyrotropin measurements necessary to detect one case of permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism: 20,000 in the range of 11% to 15% and 40,000 in the range of 16% to 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, a cutoff point of at least 10% is recommended.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed2003

Promoting safe walking and cycling to improve public health: lessons from The Netherlands and Germany.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the public health consequences of unsafe and inconvenient walking and bicycling conditions in American cities to suggest improvements based on successful policies in The Netherlands and Germany. METHODS: Secondary data from national travel and crash surveys were used to compute fatality trends from 1975 to 2001 and fatality and injury rates for pedestrians and cyclists in The Netherlands, Germany, and the United States in 2000. RESULTS: American pedestrians and cyclists were much more likely to be killed or injured than were Dutch and German pedestrians and cyclists, both on a per-trip and on a per-kilometer basis. CONCLUSIONS: A wide range of measures are available to improve the safety of walking and cycling in American cities, both to reduce fatalities and injuries and to encourage walking and cycling.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2001

Cost-effectiveness analysis of pneumococcal vaccination for elderly individuals in The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost effectiveness (net costs per life year gained) of pneumococcal vaccination of elderly individuals aged 65 years and over in The Netherlands. DESIGN AND SETTING: A pharmacoeconomic analysis was conducted from the healthcare perspective in The Netherlands. The gender- and age-specific modelling framework linked epidemiological aspects of invasive pneumococcal disease (e.g. incidence, mortality, life years lost) to vaccination and hospital resource use. To derive 90% confidence limits for net costs per life year gained a stochastic analysis was performed. INTERVENTION: Pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly with the 23-valent vaccine. Effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease was derived from international studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly was not found to be cost saving. At baseline, stochastic and univariate sensitivity analysis net costs per life year gained were estimated to be between 6000 and 16,000 euro (EUR) [EUR1 = 1.1 US dollars; cost level 1995]. A scenario analysis on alternative age-dependent vaccination strategies indicated even higher net costs per life year gained, up to EUR28,000 for vaccinating only those elderly aged 85 years and over. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumococcal vaccination is associated with net costs per life year gained of EUR10,100 (at baseline assumptions). These costs are higher than those for influenza vaccination (EUR5500). Our pharmacoeconomic approach, which needs to be considered in conjunction with social, psychological and budgetary issues, is intended to contribute to rational decision-making in healthcare policy.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Increasing incidence of type I diabetes in The Netherlands. The second nationwide study among children under 20 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: A nationwide retrospective study was conducted to assess the incidence of type I diabetes in The Netherlands among children < 20 years of age in 1988-1990. The first study with a similar design covered 1978-1980. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The capture-recapture census method was chosen for analysis of the data. A questionnaire was sent to all Dutch pediatricians and internists, and for the ascertainment, a similar questionnaire was sent out separately to members of the Dutch Diabetes Association, which is the national patient association. RESULTS: The average achieved ascertainment rate was 81%. The ascertainment-adjusted annual incidence was 13.2/100,000 for 0- to 19-year-old children, indicating an increase of 23% compared with the 1978-1980 survey; for 0- to 14-year-olds, the increase amounted to 17%. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a sustained increase of type I diabetes in The Netherlands because the cumulative incidence studied previously in the 1960-1970 birth cohorts of male army conscripts 18 years of age was also found to rise. In contrast to Northern European countries, an increase in incidence for the age category 0-4 years could not be found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Happiness among adolescents in The Netherlands: ethnic and sex differences.

A nationwide sample of 2710 Dutch adolescents and 518 ethnic minority adolescents living in the Netherlands was used to examine ethnic and sex differences in happiness. Analyses of variance were conducted with ethnic background, sex, and length of residence in the Netherlands, as variables. Socioeconomic status was included in the analyses as a covariate. Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds, as compared to the Dutch, had significantly lower scores on a generalized estimates of life satisfaction and on a measure of hedonic effect. Both differences, however, explained only a very small amount of variance. Girls (from all ethnic groups including the Dutch) had lower scores than boys on both measures. There was no significant effect for length of residence on either measure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Nutrient flows in agriculture in The Netherlands with special emphasis on pig production.

Annual nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) flows in agriculture in The Netherlands were identified and quantified in 1990, with special emphasis on pig production. Also, the effects that various management strategies in pig production have on NPK emission in 1990 were compared using a static deterministic simulation model. Ammonia emission from pig production in 1990 (60.9 Gg N) exceeded the defined target for the year 2000 (12.7 Gg N). Measures that affect volatilization of ammonia directly (i.e., introduction of low-emission stables, manure storage facilities, or manure application techniques) reduced ammonia emission most effectively. These measures, however, should be combined with a reduction in application of artificial N fertilizer to avoid an increase in N losses through leaching, run-off, or denitrification. Targets for ammonia emission in the year 2010 require a reduction in the pig population of 24 to 62%, in addition to implications of measures described in this article. National NPK losses in 1990 through leaching, run-off, or denitrification, predicted at 223.5 kg/ha for N, 32.7 kg/ha for P, and 67 kg/ha for K, exceeded government targets for the year 2010 (185 kg N/ha; 8.7 kg P/ha; norm not set for K). Reducing application of artificial NPK fertilizer reduced national NPK losses most effectively. For P, use of phytase and feeding pigs in accordance with their P requirements is required, in addition to limited use of artificial P fertilizer to meet targets for the year 2010. Hence, from an environmental point of view, pig production in The Netherlands is limited primarily by ammonia emission targets for the year 2010.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2002

Management of viral haemorrhagic fever in the Netherlands.

Two cases of Lassa fever have been reported in the Netherlands since viral haemorrhagic fevers became notifiable diseases in 1978. In 1980, an expatriate from Burkina Faso who was not seriously ill was confirmed by laboratory tests after his discharge from hospital. The second case occurred in 2000: the patient died on the 11th day of admission to hospital. The problems we faced in the management of this case and the contact investigation--more than one hundred contacts - highlighted the need for national recommendations in the Netherlands.

Contact Tracing↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiology of lower limb amputees in the north of The Netherlands: aetiology, discharge destination and prosthetic use.

The aim of this study was to give a retrospective review of all lower limb amputations performed in the 3 northern provinces of the Netherlands in 1991-1992. Assembled data were compared with the existing information in the National Medical Register (NMR) over the same period. With the participation of all regional hospitals, 473 lower limb amputations from transpelvic to transmetatarsal level were identified. Of the amputations 94% were performed for vascular pathology, 3% for trauma, and 3% for oncologic reasons. After surgery a prosthesis was provided to 48% of the amputees. The actual number of performed amputations exceeds the number of amputations registered by the NMR by 9%. Incidence rates of lower limb amputations in the Netherlands are 18-20/100,000 over the last 12 years. These numbers are lower than in other areas and no sharp decrease in frequency compared with other countries in Western Europe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Reproducibility of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess the intake of fats and cholesterol in The Netherlands.

The reproducibility of a 104 item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire to estimate the intake of energy, fat, fatty acids and cholesterol was assessed in a group of 93 men and women in the Netherlands. The questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers. Subjects were asked to recall the consumption of 104 items during the past month. A second interview was conducted 8 weeks later. The mean difference in nutrient intake between the two assessments was very small, with a maximum of 5% for cholesterol intake, but the variance of individual differences was considerable. Pearson correlation coefficients between two assessments 8 weeks apart ranged from 0.71 for polyunsaturated fatty acids intake (when expressed as percentage of energy intake) up to 0.91 for energy intake. The reproducibility was found to be similar in males and females. Reproducibility was assessed for separate food items as well as for 20 food groups. Items consumed were often highly reproducible and rarely had a poor reproducibility. This food frequency questionnaire is considered to be a suitable tool to estimate and monitor the intake of fat, fatty acids and cholesterol in the Netherlands.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The physically disabled in the Netherlands--evaluation of the 1971/1972 survey.

This article describes a survey to collect information on the physically disabled in the Netherlands, carried out in 1971/1972. Definitions, objectives, and methods are described. Estimated numbers of disabled people in the Netherlands are given, together with their main characteristics in terms of age, sex, kind of functional disorder, and underlying cause. Impaired people are also compared with non-impaired persons in the population, so as to reveal measures of deprivation. The overall results of the survey are then assessed, in terms both of the extent to which the original objectives were attained and of disadvantages encountered. The paper concludes with a discussion of more recent developments, including the introduction of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps, a study of factors determining needs, and a catalogue of requirements for updating, completing, and enlarging the data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Drug problems among immigrants and refugees in The Netherlands and the Dutch health care and treatment system.

Immigration from former colonies and the influx of refugees whose disadvantaged situation in society often leads to drug problems is described. The Dutch Government provides for a wide variety of services for drug users which include programs for minorities like the Surinamese, Moluccan, Moroccan, and Turkish communities. However, they are either executed poorly or are based too much on "White" methods. An account of a survey about the current situation of Black Surinamese women in the Netherlands is given, and the situation of refugees in the Netherlands as it relates to drug use is described.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A cost study of a general practitioner hospital in the Netherlands.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost study of the first general practitioner (GP) hospital in the Netherlands. METHODS: We conducted a cost study in a GP hospital in the Netherlands. Data on healthcare utilisation from 218 patients were collected for a period of one year. The costs of admission to the GP hospital were compared with the expected costs of the alternative mode of care. In the GP hospital three types of bed categories were distinguished: GP beds (admission and discharge by GPs, n=131), rehabilitation beds (recovery from hospital surgery, n=62) and nursing home beds (hospital patients awaiting a vacancy in a nursing home, n=25). GPs were interviewed to indicate the best alternative form of healthcare for the GP bed patients in the absence of a GP hospital (dichotomised for this study into "hospital" or "home care"). For the "rehabilitation" and "nursing home" patients the alternative care mode was admission to a hospital. RESULTS: The mean length of stay was 15 days for the GP beds, 31 days for the rehabilitation beds and 90 days for the nursing home beds. For the GP bed patients the costs were 2533 euros per admission compared with 3792 euros for hospital stay. For the group of GP bed patients for whom "home care" was the best alternative, the costs were 2494 euros for GP hospital days compared with 2814euros , the average cost for home care of patients of 65 years and older. For rehabilitation patients the costs per patient were 4744 euros compared with 8041 euros in a hospital. For patients waiting for admission to a nursing home, these costs were 13,143 euros and 22,670 euros respectively. CONCLUSION: The GP hospital might be a cost-saving alternative for elderly patients in need of intermediate medical and nursing care between hospital and home care. Further research on the cost-effectiveness of the GP hospital compared with home care and nursing home care is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Herd- and cow-level prevalence of digital dermatitis in the Netherlands and associated risk factors.

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to reevaluate the prevalence of digital dermatitis (DD) and associated risk factors in The Netherlands. Between May 2002 and December 2003, information about the presence or absence of DD lesions and other claw disorders on the hind claws of dairy cows in The Netherlands was collected by 20 hoof trimmers during trimming of all dairy cows in 383 herds. A questionnaire was used to acquire information regarding management and housing. Additional information, such as parity, breed, and stage of lactation of the cows, was provided by the Dutch Herd Book Organization. Digital dermatitis was present in 21.2% (SE = 0.3) of the study population (n = 22,454 cows). The herd prevalence varied from 0% (9.1% of the herds) to 83.0%. Most common was herd prevalence between 5 and 10%. The Holstein-Friesian breed was at higher risk for DD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.7] than was the Meuse Rhine IJssel breed (dual purpose breed). The risk for DD decreased with increasing parity. Cows at the peak of their lactation (30 to 60 d in milk) and in the third parity had higher odds for DD in comparison with cows that were later than 60 DIM. The presence of other claw disorders, such as interdigital dermatitis/heel horn erosion (IDHE), interdigital hyperplasia (HYP), and interdigital phlegmon, appeared to be predisposing for DD. Based on estimation of the population-attributable fraction, it was concluded that if IDHE, HYP, and interdigital phlegmon were not present among the study population, respectively, 32.2, 9.0, and 1.1% of the DD cases could have been prevented. The risk for DD slightly decreased when cows affected by IDHE had access to pasture. Because of the interrelation between infectious claw disorders, an effective intervention strategy against DD should focus on an integrated approach to the control of all infectious claw diseases. Cows trimmed >12 mo before the study (during regular trimming of the entire herd) were at lower risk for DD than were cows that were trimmed at shorter intervals. Animals that had >8 h of access to pasture were at higher risk for DD (OR = 1.6) compared with no access to pasture. Finally, cows in small-sized herds (<45 cows) affected with HYP were at lower risk (OR = 0.6) for DD than were cows affected with HYP in medium- and large-sized herds (60 to 85 cows per herd).

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastroenteritis in sentinel general practices,The Netherlands.

From 1996 to 1999, the incidence of gastroenteritis in general practices and the role of a broad range of pathogens in the Netherlands were studied. All patients with gastroenteritis who had visited a general practitioner were reported. All patients who had visited a general practitioner for gastroenteritis (cases) and an equal number of patients visiting for nongastrointestinal symptoms (controls) were invited to participate in a case-control study. The incidence of gastroenteritis was 79.7 per 10,000 person years. Campylobacter was detected most frequently (10% of cases), followed by Giardia lamblia (5%), rotavirus (5%), Norwalk-like viruses (5%) and Salmonella (4%). Our study found that in the Netherlands (population 15.6 million), an estimated 128,000 persons each year consult their general practitioner for gastroenteritis, slightly less than in a comparable study in 1992 to 1993. A pathogen could be detected in almost 40% of patients (bacteria 16%, viruses 15%, parasites 8%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Tuberculosis elimination in the Netherlands.

This study assessed progress towards tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the Netherlands by using DNA fingerprinting. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were defined as new if the IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern had not been observed in any other patient during the previous 2 years. Other cases were defined as clustered and attributed to recent transmission. In the period 1995-2002, the incidence of TB with new strains was stable among non-Dutch residents and declined among the Dutch. However, the decline among the Dutch was restricted to those >or=65 years of age. Moreover, the average number of secondary cases per new strain did not change significantly over time. We conclude that the decline of TB in the Netherlands over the past decade was mainly the result of a cohort effect: older birth cohorts with high infection prevalence were replaced by those with lower infection prevalence. Under current epidemiologic conditions and control efforts, TB may not be eliminated.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

European bat lyssaviruses, The Netherlands.

To study European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) in bat reservoirs in the Netherlands, native bats have been tested for rabies since 1984. For all collected bats, data including species, age, sex, and date and location found were recorded. A total of 1,219 serotine bats, Eptesicus serotinus, were tested, and 251 (21%) were positive for lyssavirus antigen. Five (4%) of 129 specimens from the pond bat, Myotis dasycneme, were positive. Recently detected EBLV RNA segments encoding the nucleoprotein were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically (45 specimens). All recent serotine bat specimens clustered with genotype 5 (EBLV1) sequences, and homologies within subgenotypes EBLV1a and EBLV1b were 99.0%-100% and 99.2%-100%, respectively. Our findings indicate that EBLVs of genotype 5 are endemic in the serotine bat in the Netherlands. Since EBLVs can cause fatal infections in humans, all serotine and pond bats involved in contact incidents should be tested to determine whether the victim was exposed to EBLVs.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2002

Trends in inhalation exposure to hydrocarbons among commercial painters in The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVES: An attempt was made to develop a database for measurements of exposure to solvents that could be used as a tool in the historical exposure assessment of commercial painters participating in a health surveillance program. METHODS: The measurement data on personal exposure from six studies still available for Dutch commercial painters were collected into a database. The database was analyzed to identify time trends for the inhalation exposure levels of hydrocarbons and the production conditions that influence exposure levels among commercial painters in The Netherlands. RESULTS: Altogether 304 measurements of solvent exposure were collected between 1980 and 1999, providing data for 137 workers. Toluene was selected as a marker for solvent exposure, since hydrocarbon exposures appeared to be strongly correlated. Exposure to toluene measured during the application of solvent-based paints has declined by 12% per year. The use of solvent-based paints, painting in small rooms, house (versus shipyard) painting, and spray-painting were associated with increased exposures. Water-based paint was also associated with increased exposure to toluene, relative to tasks in which no paint was used. The exposure model for toluene explained 86% of the between-worker variance. In a subset of the data, we observed that a single cell model did not adequately describe total solvent exposure among painters, because of the stronger-than-expected positive effect of source strength and the lack of the protective effect of general ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: An exposure model was developed that can be used to predict the intensity of inhalation exposure to aromatic solvents among commercial painters in The Netherlands.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗