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PubMed1994

An eclectic approach to turning points in migration.

"The eclectic approach to migration transition presented in this article emphasizes that a country's net migration position evolves as it develops, but in ways that reflect its initial economic and sociocultural conditions and subsequent policies and economic progress. Not one but several turning points exist, influenced by economic factors such as level of development, wage differentials, and trade and investment ties, as well as social and institutional factors such as a nation's homogeneity and its migration policies. To exemplify, the migration experiences of various Asia-Pacific countries are compared."

Asia↗
PubMed2006

Balancing prevention and screening among international migrants with tuberculosis: population mobility as the major epidemiological influence in low-incidence nations.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis infection and disease remain a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. The burden of tuberculosis disease is greatest in the developing nations of the world, although the effect of imported disease is observed in low-incidence tuberculosis regions, represented predominantly by high-income countries. In these regions, national tuberculosis control and elimination programmes are increasingly challenged to address disease in foreign-born residents. Immigration policies and shifting migration patterns over the past 5 decades have brought larger numbers of permanent and temporary residency migrants from high-prevalence regions of the world into low tuberculosis incidence environments. As a consequence, both national immigration policies and global health strategies for the control of tuberculosis share common interest in mobile populations moving from high-to-low prevalence regions. Existing immigration medical screening practices in major immigrant-receiving nations were often designed to prevent and manage the importation of contagious, active pulmonary tuberculosis disease. Such programmes may be limited in addressing the long-term consequences of latent tuberculosis infection in foreign-born residents. In nations with a low incidence of tuberculosis, a direct link can be found between the globalization of health factors related to international population movements, as observed with tuberculosis and immigration policies and practices. Continued migration from high-endemic tuberculosis regions will increasingly influence the disease burden in low-endemic areas, and challenge local tuberculosis control and elimination programmes. Evidence-based approaches to meeting those challenges will allow for the effective use of resources and support ongoing programme evaluation.

Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

Trends and patterns of internal migration in the Philippines, 1970-80.

Recent trends in internal migration in the Philippines are analyzed using data from the 1975 and 1980 censuses. The emphasis is on the volume and direction of regional migration streams. "The paper starts with the definitions of some migration-related terms. The second section discusses data and methodology. The third portion of the ensuing study deals with the trends and patterns of internal migration, while the last part is devoted to some considerations about population policies."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

[The theory of migration].

"The present and expected migration flows in Europe require a detailed analysis of determinants and elements of migration decisions. This survey encompasses a view on classical--labor market and demand side oriented--theories, the more recent human capital approach as well as on migration under asymmetric information. Since these theories so far yield an unsatisfactory basis for description and forecasting of multilateral migration flows, a closer look at empirical methods of migration research is taken. Consequently, a description of possible policy oriented applications of the gravity model and the random utility approach, with their descriptive and normative characteristics, is given." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Behavior↗
PubMed1998

Households, gender and rural-urban migration: reflections on linkages and considerations for policy.

"The aim of this paper is to argue the importance of considering ¿the household' in analyses of gender and rural-urban migration, both in respect of how it shapes the gender selectivity of migrant flows and how, in turn, the latter contributes to household diversity across rural and urban areas.... [It] examines the impacts of gender differentiated demographic mobility on contemporary household forms in rural and urban areas including reference to case study evidence from my own research in Mexico, Costa Rica and the Philippines."

Americas↗
PubMed1995

Elderly demographic profiles of U.S. states: impacts of "new elderly births," migration, and immigration.

Many policy analysts take a narrow view toward assessing demographic change of state elderly populations by focusing only on the migration component. This article examines how 1990 state elderly populations have been affected by "new elderly births" (a state's population ages 55-59 in 1985 which survived to ages 60-64 in 1990) as well as by migration components, over the 1985-90 period. It utilizes 1990 Census migration tabulations of the residence 5-years-ago question, along with demographic decomposition analysis. During this period, elderly births exerted a greater impact than migration on elderly gains and demographic compositions for all states. Migration from abroad is also important for state Latino and Asian elderly populations.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The impact of migrants' remittances on the Egyptian economy.

"The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the large remittances made by Egyptian migrants to their home country on the Egyptian economy. In order to study this impact, we use the implications of the standard Keynesian model. We estimated the structural equations of the model using annual data for the Egyptian economy over the period from 1970 to 1984.... The results suggest that remittances have had a strong positive impact on GNP in Egypt." The authors note that remittances especially affect private consumption spending. Policy implications concerning labor migration are discussed. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Africa↗
PubMed1990

Population movement in Zhejiang province, China: the impact of government policies.

"China's urbanization policies include strict control of permanent migration to large cities, but encourage the growth of small cities and towns. Concurrently, temporary migration is widely permitted as a way to stimulate commerce. Data for Zhejiang province indicate that permanent mobility is largely directed toward urban places, that towns gain more than cities and that rural areas experience migration losses. Permanent migrants to urban places are selective of the better educated. Temporary migration is also urban directed but greater in volume than permanent migration, and places considerable strain on urban infrastructure. Government policies are a key to understanding the migration streams and migrant characteristics. The considerable net movement into cities suggests that strict control of city growth is more difficult to achieve than envisaged by policymakers." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 55, No. 3, Fall 1989, p. 386).

Asia↗
PubMed1996

Gender, international migration and social reproduction: implications for theory, policy, research and networking.

"This paper aims to contribute to the development of an analytical framework that provides the space for the understanding of female migrants as reproductive workers in a cross-national transfer of labor. It will first provide some hypothetical guidelines for the explanation of female migration in the context of reproductive labor. Based on accessible data, a discussion on the case of Japan will be presented to highlight the main issues and problems concerning female migrants as reproductive workers. Finally, implications on policy-making and networking at the international and national level will be analyzed and discussed, taking into account the specific ideological, political and socioeconomic constraints."

Asia↗
PubMed1992

Clandestine migrant workers in Japan.

The author assesses the problem of illegal labor migration to Japan. "Labor policies, regulations, types of immigration violations, and the role of the recruitment industry are described. Most of the estimated 200,000 illegal workers are employed in small and medium sized enterprises, especially construction and manufacturing, which pay them wages well below the normal rate. A key issue is the infringement of human rights of these illegal workers, who lack the protection of labor laws and the social security system."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Labor mobility, trade and structural change: the Philippine experience.

"This article addresses three questions: (1) Is the high rate of emigration of labor from the Philippines related to the country's trade policy? (2) Why have migration and accompanying remittances not made much of an impact on the growth and structure of the Philippine economy? (3) Would economic growth and structural change eventually curtail labor emigration? The Philippines' history of labor export and its economic development are contrasted with those of Asian NIEs [newly industrialized economies] which have adopted liberal trade regimes."

Asia↗