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PubMed2000

Association effects of vitamin B6 and various magnesium salts on a pharmacological model: the human amniotic membrane.

The effects of the association of vitamin B6 and Mg salts: aspartate, citrate, lactate, pidolate, sulfate, were studied on the ionic transfer through a membraneous pharmacological model: the isolated human amniotic membrane. The ionic transfer was evaluated by measure of the total conductance in the maternal to fetal way (GtM) and in the fetal to maternal way (GtF), of the ionic fluxes (F1 on the maternal side, F2 on the fetal side) and of the ratio F1/F2. The results were explained in terms of monophasic (decrease: screening or increase: binding interactions with the polar surface moities) or biphasic (decrease then increase) action. The results indicated: Mg aspartate decreased GtF, F1, F2 whatever concentration and had a concentration-dependent effect on GtM, F1/F2. The addition of vitamin B6 induced a new concentration-dependent effect (biphasic action: decrease then increase) on GtF, F1 and also modified F2, F1/F2. Mg citrate decreased GtM, GtF, F2 whatever the concentration and had a concentration-dependent effect on F1, F1/F2. The addition of vitamin B6 induced a new biphasic effect on GtM and GtF. Mg lactate decreased GtM, F1, F2, F1/F2 whatever the concentration but had a concentration-dependent effect on GtF. The addition of vitamin B6 induced a new biphasic effect on GtM, F1, F2, F1/F2. Mg pidolate had no effect on GtM, GtF, F2, F1/F2 and decreased F1. The addition of vitamin B6 did not induce variation. Mg sulfate had no effect on GtM, increased GtF and decreased F1, F2, F1/F2. The addition of vitamin B6 induced a new concentration-dependent effect on F2. The association between vitamin B6 and Mg salts implicated a new action on components of the amniotic ionic transfer characterized by a biphasic action (decrease then increase concentration-dependent effect). This effect was dependent on the anion associated with magnesium. The magnesium salts may be classified with regard to the beneficial effect due to the association with vitamin B6 in the following decreasing order: aspartate and lactate, citrate, pidolate, sulfate.

Amnion↗
PubMed2000

[Infrared spectrometry and urolithiasis. Report of 80 cases].

Urolithiasis is a frequent disorder that is characterized by its recurrence following treatment and which can affect between 3-20% of the population, with an incidence that differs from country to country. The aim of the present study was to determine the composition of the calculi, and the remain characteristics of this pathology in Morocco. A series of 80 calculi was therefore analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The findings showed that calcium monohydrate oxalate was the main lithiasic component, indicating that hyperoxaluria plays a major role in the formation of the calculi. The component identified were as follows: calcium oxalate (58.75%), calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate (17.5%), uric acid (15%), and urate (8.75%). In 91.25% of cases, the calculi were of mixed composition. Regular patient follow-up is advocated and subjects should be informed of the risk factor involved, as urolithiasic recurrence was observed in 10% of the cases in this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[The adsorption on attapulgite and cross-linked agar beads entrapped attapulgite(CAA)].

The adsorption of four drugs with certain toxicity, i.e. chlorpromazine, quinidine, diazepam and phenobarbital on attapulgite and Cross-linked Agar Beads Entrapped Attapulgite(CAA) was determined in this study. The results revealed that attapulgite possessed high adsorption for the cation drugs(chlorpromazine and quinidine), moderate adsorption for diazepam, and slight adsorption for phenobabital. The adsorption in attapulgite was quite quick and came to equilibrium in about 30 min. No significant difference(P > 0.05) of adsorption on attapulgite was observed at 30 min and 60 min. The adsorbent selectivity on CAA was the same as that on attapulgite. The speed of the adsorption was slower on CAA than on attapulgite, but the quantity adsorpted on CAA and that on attapulgite had no marked difference(P > 0.05) after 60 min. CAA preserved the adsorption property of attapulgite fundamentally. CAA overcame the dispersibility of attapulgite distinctly and showed good hemocompatibility and a fair blood flow rate in hemoperfusion. It may play an important role in the separation of blood components and in hemopurification.

Adsorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Optimization of the process of culturing yeast in the presence of the dispersed mineral palygorskite].

A positive effect from introduction of the highly dispersed mineral palygorskite in the nutrient medium for aerobic batch cultivation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Kyivsky strain, used in production of champagne has been established experimentally. An adequate mathematical model describing the process of growth has been constructed. Optimal cultivation conditions have been determined which provided for the achievement of such yeast cell concentration in the culture fluid as 116 mln/ml, palygorskite concentration in the nutrient medium being 0.37 g/l and sucrose 2.0 +/- 0.2%. The yeast obtained possess higher fermentation activity.

Culture Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of highly dispersed materials for culturing and isolation of granular Agrobacterium radiobacter preparations ].

The effects of synthetic and natural high-dispersion materials on the growth of Agrobacterium radiobacter were studied. Natural minerals montmorillonite and palygorskite (10 g/l nutrient medium) were more potent than high-dispersion silica and its modified forms in stimulating growth of Agrobacterium radiobacter. The interaction of Agrobacterium radiobacter with clay minerals increased the survival rate of bacteria at supraoptimal temperatures. We elaborated new granular bacterial preparation, which enhanced the productivity of cucumbers by 12-15%.

Bentonite↗
PubMed2001

Struvite precipitation potential for nutrient recovery from anaerobically treated wastes.

Geochemical equilibrium speciation modeling was used to determine optimum conditions for precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate, or struvite, for the recovery of nutrients from anaerobically digested wastes. Despite a wide range of pH values with the potential to precipitate struvite, the optimum pH was determined to be 9.0. Bench experiments conducted on effluent from an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) treating swine wastes achieved a maximum of 88% ammonia removal at a pH of 9.5 with added magnesium and phosphate to achieve an ammonium: magnesium: phosphate molar ratio of 1:1.25:1. Struvite precipitation was performed on a continuous basis in a pilot-scale ASBR treating swine wastes. Through the addition of supplemental magnesium and phosphate, the ammonia concentration was reduced from 1500 mg/L as nitrogen to less than 10 mg/L. The supenatant from the struvite precipitation clarifier was recycled to the feed of the ASBR without adverse impact, simulating on-farm effluent reuse as flush water.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

Kidney stones.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed2002

Association of changes in the pattern of urinary calculi in Taiwanese with diet habit change between 1956 and 1999.

OBJECTIVE: Due to rapid economic development over the past four decades, urinary stone components may have changed in Taiwan. We studied the changes in urinary stone components over time and the possible association with dietary changes during the same period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1956 to 1999, 9,715 urinary calculi were collected at a single institution and analyzed using polarizing microscopy. Dietary information was obtained from an official national report. Linear regression was used to analyze the possible correlation between the change in stone components with daily consumption of animal protein, vegetable protein, and lipid. RESULTS: Eleven distinct components were identified. Calcium oxalate (Jensen type I stone; found in sterile, acidic urine) was found most frequently (87.3%), and its incidence increased gradually with time. However, the incidence of Jensen type III stone (caused by metabolic abnormality) gradually decreased from 1956 to 1999. The male to female ratio among subjects was 2.3:1, and the modal age was in the forties. Female patients were more likely to suffer from type II stones (found in infected, alkaline urine), whereas type I and III stones were more prevalent in males. Among the dietary components, consumption of animal and vegetable proteins and lipid increased significantly during the same period, and appeared to be coincident with the increased incidence of type I stones during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of urinary tract stones in Taiwan have progressively changed in the past four decades and are now similar to those in western populations. The incidence of type I stones has increased during the past four decades, which may reflect the Westernization of dietary habits in Taiwanese during the same period.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Tocolytic treatment of pregnant women with threatened abortions and preterm labor in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy with magne B6 (a preliminary communication)].

The authors check the effect of the substitutional treatment of the pregnant patients with the uterine paints and contractions in the second and third months periods of the pregnancy with "Magne B6"--Sanofi. In the group of the examined patients the Mg deficiency that is the cause for these suffering has been established. After the substitutional treatment with "Magne B6" the described suffering disappeared and clinical-lab values of Mg in the serum and urine normalized.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed2001

Management of acute asthma.

Hospitalization due to acute severe asthma represents a failure in the preventive, long-term as well as home care of asthma. Recognition of danger signs and prompt treatment can prevent the risk of morbidity and mortality of an acute asthma episode. The principle pharmacological management is use of inhaled beta2 sympathomemetrics and systemic steroids given with monitoring of respiratory status with the help of clinical parameters and pulmonary function tests. In patients non responsive to routine management, there is a role of inhaled cholinergic compounds, intravenous magnesium sulphate, and beta2 sympathomemetic infusion. Patients in respiratory failure need intensive care. Carefully managed prognosis of an acute attack of asthma is good.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

[Adrenal cortex response to prolonged administration of low doses of magnesium chlorate in rats].

Rat adrenals were studied using histological and histochemical methods during prolonged intoxication with pesticide magnesium chlorate which was administered in a dose equal to 1/100 of LD50 (41 mg/kg of body weight). Animals that received distilled water and were kept in similar conditions were used as control. It was demonstrated that intoxication of rats for 3-7 days results in increased secretory activity of all the zones of adrenal cortex. Later (after 14-90 days) the zonal response to pesticide administration was variable. Magnesium chlorate treatment results in the disturbances of hormonal synthesis in adrenocorticocytes. Compensatory-adaptive capacities of zona fasciculata were found to be greater than those in zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ionised and total serum magnesium in renal transplant patients.

BACKGROUND: Hypomagnesemia in renal transplant patients is almost always documented through total serum values (MgT), but it has recently become user-friendly to assay the biologically active, ionised fraction (Mg++). We verified the prevalence of true ionised magnesemia and the correspondence between total and ionised Mg assays in our transplanted patients, taking into account renal Mg excretion and the possible role of other reputed factors of hypomagnesemia (cyclosporine, secondary hyperparathyroidism and acid-base balance). METHODS: Thirty-eight transplanted patients (25M/13F, aged 41 +/- 11 years) and 38 age and sex matched controls were enrolled. Blood chemistries included: ionised Mg and Ca, total Mg and Ca, phosphate, creatinine, albumin, bicarbonate, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and, in patients, cyclosporine (CyA). A 24-h urine collection (for Ca and Mg) and a fasting spot sample (for pH, Mg, Ca, phosphate, creatinine) were also obtained. RESULTS: Patients with mild renal failure (creatinine: Cr=1.75 +/- 0.83 mg/dL), mild persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism and almost normal tubular acidification capacity had MgT lower than controls (0.76 +/- 0.08 vs 0.82 +/- 0.08 mmol/L; p<0.002), with 10 cases (26%) of total hypomagnesemia. Mg++ was also significantly low (0.51 +/- 0.08 vs 0.53 +/- 0.05 mmol/L; p<0.03), but there were only four cases (10%) of true ionised hypomagnesemia. MgT and Mg++, although correlated (with a low r value: =0.49; p<0.001), showed poor correspondence in individual patients and MgT was not useful to identify cases of true ionised hypomagnesemia. Neither assay correlated with renal function. Daily urinary excretion of Mg was normal (3.5 +/- 1.3 vs 3.0 +/- 0.24 mmol/day; n.s.), with no case of definite hypomagnesuria. Fasting excretion fraction (EF) of Mg, calculated with both assays, was increased in approximately 60% of patients (EF(MgT) 4.9 +/- 2.6 vs 2.32 +/- 0.7%; p<0.0001; EF(Mg++) 7.74 +/- 4.9 vs 3.63 +/- 1.18%; p<0.0001) and positively correlated with serum Cr (r=0.62; p<0.0001 with EF(MgT); and r=0.467; p<0.005 with EF(Mg++) but not with CyA. Neither Mg assay correlated with serum CyA, calcium, phosphate, PTH or bicarbonate. CONCLUSIONS: In long term renal transplant patients not taking diuretics, the prevalence of true ionised hypomagnesemia is low. Renal insufficiency, typically associated with Mg retention, is the major cause of increased EF(Mg) and, as such, plays an antagonistic role to CyA and other factors of renal Mg wasting. Because MgT and Mg++ are not closely related, assay of the ionised fraction seems advisable in case of total hypomagnesemia. However, because diagnosis of depletion can hardly rely on serum assay alone, a fuller evaluation (urinary excretion and other clinical and biochemical signs of hypomagnesemia) is suggested before diagnosis is made.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Ammonia recovery from high strength agro industry effluents.

The aim of the study was to investigate ammonia recovery from high strength agro industry effluents involving significant amounts of ammonia, by applying magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation technology. Two types of industrial effluents have been tested in the study. The first plant was an opium alkaloid processing industry and the second one was a baker's yeast industry. High chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and unacceptable dark brown color characterized effluents from both industries. Effluents from the biologically treated opium alkaloid and baker's yeast industries were both applied at the stoichiometric ratio (Mg:NH4:PO4 = 1:1:1) and above the stoichiometric ratio (Mg:NH4:PO4 = 1.1:1:1.1) to MAP precipitation. NH4 removals of 61-80% were achieved at the pH of 9.2 at the stoichiometric ratio, whereas 83% NH4 removal was obtained at the pH of 9.2 above the stoichiometric ratio. Experimental studies performed on both anaerobically and/or aerobically treated baker's yeast and opium alkaloid industry effluents have clearly indicated that MAP precipitation was an appropriate treatment option for NH4 removal or struvite recovery from high ammonia content agro industry effluents. Additional ammonia recovery studies were conducted on ozonated and Fenton's oxidation applied effluents and these have also indicated that the amounts of struvite and the quality of MAP precipitate was increased significantly. In this framework, MAP sludge recovered from combined biological and Fenton's oxidation treatment effluents were considered as a more valuable slow release fertilizer for agricultural use.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of source-based nitrogen removal alternatives in leather tanning industry wastewater.

Nitrogen is an important parameter of leather tanning wastewaters. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation is a chemical treatment alternative for ammonia removal. In this study, a detailed source-based wastewater characterisation of a bovine leather tannery was made and nitrogen speciation as well as other basic pollutant parameter values was evaluated. This evaluation has led to definition of alternatives for source-based MAP treatment. MAP precipitation experiments conducted on these alternatives have yielded over 90% ammonia removal at pH 9.5 and using stoichiometric doses. Among the alternatives tested liming-deliming and bating-washing was found to be the most advantageous providing 71% ammonia removal.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation for the treatment of leather tanning industry wastewaters.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation has a potential for ammonium removal from industrial wastewaters. Application basis of this recent method of treatment has not been fully determined. In this study application of MAP precipitation to leather tanning wastewaters has been experimentally evaluated. Five alternative places of MAP precipitation in leather tanning wastewater treatment scheme tested were; instead of plain settling, after plain settling, after polyelectrolyte added plain settling, within the chemical precipitation and after biological treatment. Among these alternatives MAP application instead of plain settling and within the chemical precipitation were found to be most favourable and efficient by reducing the nitrogen load to the level of nutrient requirement in the biological stage. pH 9.0-9.5 and stoichiometric magnesium and phosphate doses were determined to be optimum conditions for MAP precipitation.

Chemical Precipitation↗