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PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of an EMG-biofeedback therapy in fibromyalgia patients. A comparative study of patients with and without abnormality in (MMPI) psychological scales.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of EMG-biofeedback in female fibromyalgia patients with and without abnormality in the MMPI. METHODS: According to their MMPI profile out of a total of 24 patients, 12 patients were classified as 'psychologically abnormal' (at least one scale with a T-score higher than 70) and 12 as 'normal'. In a quasi-experimental setting, all patients underwent EMG-biofeedback therapy (12 sessions, twice weekly), after a waiting period of six weeks. Clinical symptoms (pressure point sensitivity, secondary symptoms), subjective pain dimensions as well as quality of life were assessed before and after the waiting period, immediately after the biofeedback training and at a three month follow up. RESULTS: Within the 'psychologically abnormal' patients primarily depressive, hypochondriacal and hysterical symptoms were found. Statistical evaluation showed that 'psychologically normal' patients experience long-term relief from pain measured in terms of pressure point sensitivity; vitality and mental health. 'Psychologically abnormal' patients, on the other hand, showed improvements in all the measured parameters (clinical symptoms, sensory and affective pain components, quality of life) after EMG-biofeedback. Long-term improvement, however, was observed only in pressure point sensitivity and the sensory pain dimension. CONCLUSION: The results suggest, that assessment of FM-patients should not only consist of commonly used ACR diagnostic criteria but should also include psychodiagnostic criteria, as these may co-determine treatment outcome. One approach to treating FM patients with additional psychological abnormality might be combining EMG-biofeedback that enhances self-efficacy with psychotherapy that helps patients to become aware of their basic psychological problems.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1992

Old and new MMPI-derived scales and the short-MAST as screening tools for alcohol disorder.

Ten previously published and two new MMPI-derived scales were compared with the short-form of the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (SMAST-13) in terms of sensitivity and specificity at detecting alcohol disorder in a study of 100 alcohol out-patients, 100 mental health out-patients, and 100 college students. The SMAST-13 and the new MMPI-derived alcoholism scales performed best at detecting alcohol disorder on multiple criteria including the standard contingency table, relative efficiency, and receiver operator characteristic analyses. These conclusions, were found to be robust in separate analyses for males and females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The use of the MMPI special scales in the assessment of delinquent personality.

The MMPI was administered to 401 adjudicated male juvenile offenders, ages 13 to 17, who had been referred to a juvenile court mental health unit for recommendations in court disposition. Mean T scores generated by 86 MMPI clinical and supplementary scales were tabulated and analyzed as to their relationships with completed court offense histories. Twenty-eight of these scales that best described and discriminated between high and low levels of recidivism, crime severity, assault, and property offenses were identified, profiled, and discussed. Data were analyzed by a suggested T-score cutoff of 1.5 standard deviations, univariate, and multivariate (discriminant) analysis. Scales that best discriminated between high and low levels of recidivism and property offenses were Pd (Psychopathic Deviance), Ma1 (Amorality), Pd2 (Authority Problems), Re (Social Responsibility), and MAC (MacAndrew Alcoholism). Low scores on Re (Social Responsibility), Es (Ego Strength), Cn (Control), and St (Social Status) best discriminated between high and low levels of crime severity. High and low levels of assault were best differentiated by Ma3 (Imperturbability), Scale 5 (Masculinity-Femininity), and Pa2 (Poignancy). Although the linear combination of Scales F, 4, 8, and 9 has some utility in the areas of recidivism and property offenses, its discriminative ability is extremely poor for levels of assault and crime severity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

MMPI profiles of patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: relationship to diagnosis and time since onset.

Ten patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and 10 patients with panic disorder (PD) were given the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The 2 groups were not found to be statistically different on any of the sub-scales. Elevated anxiety and depression scores were noted in both groups. Time since onset (TSO) of symptoms was found to be inversely correlated with MMPI scores so that patients with long duration of illness had better scores than those with a short duration of symptoms. These findings are discussed in light of possible factors affecting improvement in chronic anxiety disorders.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychometric properties of the abbreviated Spanish version of TCI-R (TCI-140) and its relationship with the Psychopathological Personality Scales (MMPI-2 PSY-5) in patients.

INTRODUCTION: The short version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), the TCI-140, is presented. This study aimed: a) to obtain the psychometric properties of TCI-140; b) to analyze the relationship with the normal version of the TCI-R, and c) to study its convergent validity with the MMPI-2 PSY-5. METHOD: The TCI-R and MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales were administered to a sample of consecutive psychiatric inpatients with differential Axis I and II diagnoses. RESULTS: It was found that the TCI-140 dimensions showed reliability coefficients ranging from 0.67 (Reward dependence [RD]) to 0.86 (Self-Transcendence [ST]) and the reliability coefficients of PSY-5 ranging from 0.68 (CON) to 0.86 (NE/NEU). Correlations for the dimensions with the TCI-R original 240-item version and TCI-R 140 item version ranged from 0.91 (Self-Directedness [SD]) to 0.97 (ST). The dimensions had a normal distribution. Correlations of TCI-140 scales with PSY-5 scales provided preliminary evidence supporting the convergent validity of the constructs. Then, Novelty Seeking (NS) was associated with low Constraint, Harm Avoidance (HA) was associated with low Aggressiveness and Positive Emotionality/ Extraversion, and also with high Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism, Reward Dependence (RD) was associated with high Positive Emotionality/Extraversion. Persistence (PS) was related to high aggressiveness, and Positive Emotionality/ Extraversion. On the other hand, SD was correlated with low Psychoticism, and Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism, and also with high Positive Emotionality/Extraversion. Cooperativeness (C) had a relationship to high constraint and low psychoticism. Finally ST was associated with high psychoticism and Positive Emotionality/Extraversion. CONCLUSIONS: The short Spanish version of TCI-R is a useful inventory for the evaluation of the principals dimensions of temperament and character.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Adolescents, the MMPI, and the issue of K correction: a contemporary normative study.

Current adolescent norms for the MMPI are based on data obtained 25 to 45 years ago, from samples established in 1947 to 1957 and 1964 to 1965 (Marks & Briggs, 1967). Recently, MMPIs from 1,315 normal adolescent females and males, aged 13 through 17 years, were gathered from a three-state midwest area. There were significant differences between contemporary adolescent MMPI response patterns and those obtained from the earlier adolescent samples. This article presents new K-corrected normalized T-score conversion tables to encourage research that compares the relative efficacy of profiles calculated with and without K correction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A contrast between the MMPI with the System Check List 90].

This study tested 131 patients with psychoses and contrasted the MMPI with the SCL-90. It was found that the nine groups of elemental symptoms in the SCL-90 was highly related with the corresponding symptoms in the MMPI. However, the relatively of groups in the two scales is different in the three diseases of schizophrenia, depression and neurosis. It was expressed that the three mental diseases possessed different psychopathologic characters. The result corresponded to clinical experience and also showed that SCL-90 was a self-rating scale with higher validity and spread of the scale was feasible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Changes in MMPI profile levels of chronic low back pain patients following successful treatment.

The present study evaluated changes in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profile levels of chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients following successful treatment for their disability. A total of 69 patients were evaluated at admission and 6 months after completing the treatment program. Results demonstrated significant decreases of the Hysteria, Depression, and Hypochondriasis scales toward normal ranges at the 6-month evaluation. These results indicate that MMPI profile levels of CLBP patients are significantly reduced to normal ranges following successful treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Analyzing MMPI examination in patients with neurosis by the criteria of Chinese T score].

In the present paper, the results are summarized of MMPI measurements in 210 cases of neurosis. They, by the criteria of Chinese T score, show an increase in the scales 1, 2, 3 and 7 and have an identical rate of 87.5%. Hence, it is reasonable for the scales above to be designated as the coding model of neurosis. In every type of neurosis the scales 1, 2, 3 and 7 have a tendency to increase, but there is a slight difference in their highest point and kurtosis. In depression neurosis, neurasthenia and anxiety neurosis the scale 2 (D) increases dominantly; in hysteria, the scale 3 (HY); in hypochondria, the scale 1 (HS); in phobic and compulsion neurosis, the scale 7. Therefore, MMPI measurements can be useful for clinical classification of neurosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The MMPI and Jesness Inventory as measures of effectiveness on an inpatient conduct disorders treatment unit.

There is a paucity of research on the effectiveness of inpatient treatment of conduct disorders. The purpose of the present study was to determine what effect a locked behavioral/cognitive treatment setting would have upon the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Jesness Inventory scores of adolescent inpatients. Fifty consecutive admissions (30 males, 20 females) to a conduct disorders unit were administered the MMPI and Jesness Inventory pre- and posttreatment. Statistically significant changes were found on both inventories. Males responded to treatment more favorably than did females. Improvement on the test scores could not conclusively be linked to the treatment due to the absence of a control group; however, combined with previous research, the results indicate areas of improvement in the sample's pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Prediction of length of hospitalization of adolescent psychiatric inpatients utilizing the Pd Scale of the MMPI and demographic data.

This study attempts to determine whether selected personality and demographic information can be utilized to predict the length of stay of adolescents in an inpatient therapeutic program. Predictor variables included scores on the five Harris-Lingoes Psychopathic-Deviate subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R scores, and sex, age, parent, and sibling information. Data were collected from case files of 140 adolescents, ages 12 to 18 years, who had been admitted to a state hospital from 1979 to 1985. Each of these adolescents had obtained a score of 70 or above on the Psychopathic-Deviate (Pd) Scale of the MMPI. A preliminary correlational investigation of the data was conducted, followed by stepwise regression analysis. Regression analysis revealed that only sex and the presence of an older sister(s) were significant in prediction of length of stay of inpatient adolescents with elevated Pd scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the MMPI in the prediction of dangerous behavior.

The prediction of violent behavior can be an important aspect in the diagnostic work-up of a patient. Can the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) be of any help in predicting dangerous behavior? DSM-III disorders in which violent behavior has a high probability to occur, and the corresponding MMPI profiles are discussed.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1988

MMPI scale clinical correlates for adolescent inpatients.

This study examined descriptive correlates of single-scale, high-point elevations for Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales D, Hy, Pd, Sc, and Ma in a sample of 112 adolescent inpatients undergoing psychiatric treatment. Clinical descriptors were collected for subjects based on their psychometric self-reports and on ratings and evaluations of these patients by parents, nursing staff, and individual psychotherapists. Subjects were assigned to a high-point category based on their highest, single clinical scale elevation, with the restrictions that such elevations be greater than or equal to T-score values of 65 and that high-point groups contain a minimum of 10 subjects. Clinical descriptors for subjects in each high-point group were compared to descriptors for all remaining subjects by means of chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques. Findings were interpreted in terms of their general consistency with descriptors derived for these MMPI scales in the adult literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

MMPI correlates of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The MMPI was administered to 32 patients with pure obsessive-compulsive disorder. Twelve of the patients had been previously misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia, 10 had been treated with neuroleptics, and 1 developed severe tardive dyskinesia. An MMPI profile for obsessive-compulsive disorder is described.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

Masculinity-femininity scale of the MMPI and intellectual functioning of female addicts.

In a group of 85 female chronic alcoholics and other addicts, scores on the Raven's Matrices and on a multiple-choice version of WAIS Vocabulary were found unrelated to the 13 standard and 4 MMPI research scales and 3 MMPI indices (average profile elevation, average elevations of the neurotic and the psychotic triad) except for the relationship of the raw scores (r = -.32) and the IQ equivalents (r = -.30) on the Vocabulary test to Masculinity-Femininity scores and of IQ equivalents on the Matrices to Barron's Ego Strength scale (r = .32): Women with more extensive vocabulary scored lower on the Masculinity-Femininity scale, and women with better visuo-spatial reasoning skills obtained higher Ego Strength scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Alcoholism-related content in the MMPI: item analysis of alcoholics vs. normal and general psychiatric populations.

An analysis of alcoholism-related content in the MMPI was undertaken using an alcoholic population, a psychiatric population and two normal populations. The alcoholic and psychiatric groups were drawn from facilities in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, and the normal populations were the Hathaway Adult Group and the Mayo Clinic nonpsychiatric patient group. A derivation study and a cross-validation resulted in the identification of three item pools: 1) that discriminate alcoholics from both normals and psychiatric patients, 2) items that discriminate alcoholics from normals only, 3) items that discriminate alcoholics from psychiatric patients only. Only seven items discriminate both male and female alcoholics from both normals and psychiatric patients. These items have substantial face validity. As the core of alcoholism-related content in the MMPI, they can serve as a stem for the development of scales with more specialized purposes.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Approach to the personality of the coronary patients with a new modifyed MMPI scale (author's transl)].

In order to set up an instrument for psychologically differentiate normal from coronary subjects, the analysis of 550 items of the MMPI in 40 normal and 40 coronary subjects has been performed. This has allowed to elaborate a questionnaire of 69 items, the Polyvar, and two new MMPI scales, which try to focus on the way conflictual affects are being expressed by coronary patients. Applied to new populations, these two instruments permit to significantly differentiate normal from coronary subjects. The last are characterized by a trouble in the existence and a rigid denial of any weakness. They look like individuals who can not satisfy their fundamental pulsions without risking to confront other requests, and through this, they generate anxiety and guilt.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1984

The MMPI in three groups of patients with significant weight loss.

Fifty patients with severe weight loss thought to be caused by anorexia nervosa were hospitalized for evaluation. On the basis of psychiatric history and mental state examination, they were divided into three diagnostic categories: anorexia nervosa; other. The MMPI of patients with anorexia nervosa was markedly abnormal, with highest peaks on the D (depression), PT (obsessionality and anxiety), and SC (schizophrenia) scales. This profile was similar to that of patients with obsessional symptoms and neurotic depression, but differed significantly from the profile of patients with low weight but normal mental state examination. These findings suggest that starvation alone does not explain the psychopathological symptoms similar to those with depressive and obsessional symptomatology. The MMPI is useful in differentiating anorexia nervosa from those with lowered weight from nonpsychiatric causes, but does not by itself provide a distinct diagnostic category when compared with neurotic disorders having similar symptom clusters.

Adult↗