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PubMed1991

Identification of major allergens from the house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, by electroblotting.

The allergens were separated from the extracts of house dust mites by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and identified by autoradiography. Over 30 protein bands of the whole body extract of Dermatophagoides farinae were apparent on 10-20% gradient SDS-PAGE, and 13 bands with MW between 93KD and 12KD bound with specific IgE antibodies in patients' sera sensitive to house dust mites. The major allergenic component of the whole body extract of D. farinae was the protein of MW 14-15KD, which was detected in 95.7% of 47 patients' sera sensitive to house dust mites. The extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus supplied by Bencard Company, England was thought to contain feces enriched material as noted in a few broad protein bands on SDS-PAGE. Seven allergenic components were shown by autoradiography. The protein band of MW 14-15KD was one of the most frequently revealed allergens on autoradiography, which has appeared in 32.5% of 40 patients' sera sensitive to house dust mites. The electrobotting technique used in the present study was fast, convenient and highly useful for both the identification of allergen components and the screening of specific IgE antibody. The individual variations of IgE immune responses to the allergenic components of the two house dust mites were discussed.

Allergens↗

PubMed1995

Prevalence of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, in different types of production systems for egg layers in Sweden.

This study was undertaken between May and December 1994 to investigate the prevalence of hematophagous mites in Sweden. A particular aim was to establish the relationship between occurrence of mites and certain types of production systems for egg layers. Initially a postal questionnaire study was performed. Some months later this was followed up by inspections, sampling, and interviews on farms. The only mite species found was the red poultry mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. Although this species was found to be present in cage batteries, deep-litter systems, and backyard flocks, it was less prevalent among birds housed in cages. About 4% of the cage systems were found to be affected both according to the results of the postal inquiry and from the field study. However, discrepancies in prevalence were found when comparing the results obtained with these two investigations regarding alternative, deep-litter systems and backyard flocks. According to the inquiry, 21% of the deep-litter flocks were afflicted whereas 33% were found to be afflicted in the field investigation. Among the backyard flocks, 19% were afflicted whereas as many as 67% of the flocks were found to be afflicted upon inspection. These discrepancies were probably due to the fact that the situation had actually changed in some farms during the study period, but possibly also to inherent methodological errors. Farmers were also interviewed with focus on methods of husbandry and control strategies. Most farmers answered that they were combatting the mites by cleaning the empty houses and using chemicals such as organophosphorous compounds, carbamates, and synthetic pyrethroids. In several instances the problems were still not solved despite these curative or preventive measures. A control program for D. gallinae is suggested by regular screening and certification of the ectoparasite status of the birds before their transfer to production sites.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Seasonal fluctuations of Dermatophagoides mite population in house dust.

To evaluate seasonal fluctuations of Dermatophagoides species (sp.) in residential houses in Mie Prefecture, Japan, we employed the ELISA inhibition method with rabbit polyclonal antibody to eggs and adult mites. House dust accumulated for seven days in vacuum cleaners was collected from 14 houses of atopic patients every month for one year. The one-week-dust samples weighed from 2.5 to 117 g (mean 35.9 g). The density of Dermatophagoides spp. in the dust samples were 5 to 755 mites per gram (mean 109). During one week, 100 to 20,400 (mean 4,200) mites of Dermatophagoides sp. were collected. Among 142 samples in one year, 50 (35.2%) contained more than 100 mites per gram, which is a critical number for atopic symptoms. From December to February, 12 (34.5%) out of 35 samples contained more than 100 mites per gram. These results suggest that Dermatophagoides sp. have become a year-round allergen in Japan.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Azelastine eye drops reduce conjunctival hyperresponsiveness to hyperosmolar glucose challenge in children with asymptomatic mite conjunctivitis.

Mite allergy is characterized by a continuous allergen exposure. Persistent inflammation is therefore always detectable; and during symptomless periods as well. It has been reported that mite allergic patients also present a nonspecific hyperreactivity to different stimuli, including hyperosmolar solution. Since azelastine was previously demonstrated to be able to reduce allergic inflammation, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the drug on nonspecific conjunctival hyperreactivity in mite-allergic patients. Twenty children with mite allergy were studied. A hyperosmolar conjunctival challenge was performed before and after azelastine eye drops or placebo treatment for a period of 2 weeks. It was found that patients treated with azelastine eye drops showed a significant reduction in nonspecific conjunctival hyperreactivity compared to the placebo group (p = 0.018). It was concluded that azelastine eye drops are able to reduce the nonspecific hyperreactivity present in subjects with mite allergy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Detection of fowl mites inside two hospital rooms.

Many mites were found on bookshelves near the windows in 2 rooms of the Department of Pediatrics on the 4th floor in the Tokai University Hospital. Fortunately, nobody reported being bitten by, or experiencing itching due to, the mites. The arthropods were tentatively identified as adults of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini et Frazago, 1877), commonly called "Torisashi-dani" in Japanese. It appears the mites came from an empty wagtail nest which was outside the windows. Since migrating birds like the wagtail may carry O. sylviarum and other pests and pathogens, and their possible transfer to domestic birds, more attention should be paid to the danger posed by bird mites.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[A trial of new protocol of rush immunotherapy with standardized mite antigen].

The objective of the present study was (1) to establish a new protocol of rush immunotherapy (IT) using a purified mite antigen for the treatment of house-dust-mite-sensitive bronchial asthma. Ten adult asthmatics were enrolled in the initial trial which was based on a 7-day protocol using a house-dust antigen, to determine the optimal maintenance dose of mite antigen. No systemic side effects were observed when the antigen dose was lower than 50 AU. Consequently, the duration of rush IT was shortened to 5 days, and the maintenance dose was determined as 50 AU in the new protocol. To confirm its safety, another ten asthmatics were enrolled in a second trial. Rush IT using the new protocol was able to be performed without any systemic side effects in all patients except one who showed urticaria at 40 AU. These results suggest that the 5-day protocol of rush IT using the mite antigen is safe in patients with house-dust-mite-sensitive asthma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Absorption across the nasal airway mucosa in house dust mite perennial allergic rhinitis.

House dust mite allergens express protease activity and it has been suggested that this property has pathogenic effects by increasing airway absorption. In accordance, house dust mite allergens may increase mucosal permeability in vitro. The objective of the present study was to examine nasal absorption of desmopressin (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) in patients with perennial house dust mite allergic rhinitis and in healthy subjects in vivo. Patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were examined after a 4-week treatment withdrawal period, when symptoms of allergic rhinitis occurred, and healthy subjects were examined together with the patients. Desmopressin (20 microg ml(-1)) was moved into the nasal cavity using a nasal pool-device that contained 15 ml fluid. The fluid was kept in the nasal cavity for 15 min and then recovered. Urine was collected for 24 h after the nasal administration and the urinary excretion of desmopressin was determined as an index of nasal absorption. The urinary excretion of desmopressin was 1148+/-535 pmol 24 h(-1) in patients with perennial house dust mite allergic rhinitis and 1012+/-291 pmol 24 h(-1) in healthy subjects. We conclude that nasal airway absorption of the 1067 Da peptide desmopressin is unaffected in perennial house dust mite allergic rhinitis compared with healthy subjects.

Absorption↗

PubMed1975

Further studies in allergenic identity between house dust and the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961.

The sera from 99 Japanese asthmatic subjects were studied for the allergenic similarity between house dust and the House-dust Mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961. A close correlation (correlation coefficient 0.92, P less than 0.01) was obtained between house dust and the mite with the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). High correlation was not noted between house dust and other allergens such as smoky brown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Aspergillus, book lice, Liposcelis bostricophilus, Cheyletus malaccensis and Tribolium confusum. IgE antibody to the mite reduced significantly after the incubation of the sera with house dust and IgE antibody to house dust reduced markedly after the incubation of the sera with the mite. These results further support the view that the mite is the most important allergenic component in house dust.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Studies on house dust mites in Great Cairo, Egypt.

Nowadays, house dust mites have showed themselves as one of the health problem worldwide. They have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of allergy particularly in children. House dust mites were collected from eight different areas in Great Cairo. Nine species of mites were recovered from indoors. In order of abundance, they were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, Tyrophagous putrescentiae, Acarus siro, Cheyletus malaccensis, Blomia kulagini, Acheles graciles, Ornithonyssus bacoti and Lepidoglyphus destructor. All these mites were collected mainly from Bolak Al Dakrour (28.8%) and Al Wayly (27.6%). The least number (1.8%) and species (only three) were collected from Madent Al Salam. Pet and stray dogs and cats, domestic birds and commensal rodents were more or less reported in the majority of the examined areas. Also, patients with history of allergy of unknown cause, were reported in ten out of 80 houses examined (12.5%). The role played by house dust mites in causing allergic manifestations was important environmental disease agents.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A one-year case study of farmers with storage mite allergy.

Four farmers with a positive bronchial challenge test to either L. destructor or T. putrescentiae had bronchial histamine challenge every second month during a year. In the same year, monthly samples of house dust, grain, straw and hay were analyzed for their content of house dust mites and storage mites. The exposure to house dust mites and storage mites differed between farmers. Significant changes in histamine reactivity were found, but no association with time of year or mite counts was observed.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2004

The role of mite pocket-like structures on Agama caudospinosa (Agamidae) infested by Pterygosoma livingstonei sp. n. (Acari: Prostigmata: Pterygosomatidae).

Pterygosoma livingstonei sp. n. collected from the Kenyan lizard Agama caudospinosa Meek shows morphological affinities with other South African congener species parasitizing lizards of the genus Agama, especially with P. triangulare Lawrence, 1936, but it differs in having glabrous genua II and III. P. livingstonei shows affinities with the Lawrence's hispida species group in the characters of genital and peripheral setae. This new species was found concentrated in a nuchal "mite pocket-like structure", a behaviour previously unreported among species belonging to the genus Pterygosoma. Mite pockets (or acarodomatia, acarinaria) of lizards typically house damaging chigger mites, and are usually interpreted as the evolutionary host's response to limit damage caused by parasites. Because scale mites are permanent ectoparasites and less damaging than seasonally occurring larval trombiculids, the heavy infestation by P. livingstonei in the nuchal skin folds of its host is interpreted as a consequence of the best utilisation of an available protected site by these mites that spend their entire life cycle on their host and whose primitive body shape prevents them from seeking shelter beneath the scales of their lizard host.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Value of skin prick test and atopy patch test in mite-induced respiratory allergy and/or atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome].

AIM: The atopy patch test (APT) was introduced to assess sensitization to inhalant allergens in patients with atopic/eczema dermatitis syndrome (AEDS), but its diagnostic role in subjects with respiratory allergy is scantly investigated. We sought to evaluate the response to APT and to skin prick tests (SPT) with mite extracts in subjects with persistent respiratory symptoms (rhinoconjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma), with AEDS, and with both the diseases. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients were included in the study, 75 (84.3%) children and 14 (15.7%) adults, 54 (60.7%) males and 35 (39.3%) females (median age 5.4 years). They were divided in 3 groups, respectively formed by 47 (mean age 12.3+/-11.6 years), 15 (mean age 2.2+/-2.5 years), and 27 (mean age 6.2+/-6.3 years) subjects, according to the presence of only respiratory symptoms, only AEDS, or both, and underwent to usual SPT with mite extracts and to APTs done by mite extract in Finn chambers and removed after 48 hours, with readings after 20 minutes and 24 hours. RESULTS: Of the 89 patients, 24 showed a positive SPT and 69 a positive APT; in 17 both SPT and APT were positive, while 13 were negative to the 2 tests. The APT was more frequently positive than SPT not only in the 2 groups with AEDS -- 32/42 (86.5%) vs 8/42 (21.6%) -- but also in the group with only respiratory symptoms -- 37/47 (78.7%) vs 16/47 (34%). CONCLUSION: These results confirm the high value of APT in patients with mite-induced AEDS and suggest that its routine use might improve also the diagnosis of respiratory allergy to house dust mites.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[On the causes of mite pest outbreaks in mono- and poly-cultured moso bamboo forests].

In this paper, the damage of phytophagous mites Schizotetranychus nanjingensis Ma & Yuan, Aponychus corpuzae Rimando and Aculus bambusae Kuang to moso bamboo (Phyllostaychs pubescens) was examined for ten pairs of mono- and poly-cultured forests at six locations in Fujian, China. The results showed that the mite damage in mono-cultured forests (35%) was twice as high as that in poly-cultured forests (17.5% < the injury level of 20%), and the difference was significant by t-test. The total pest mites in the mono-cultured forests at six locations in Fujian were 289.29% as high as those in the poly-cultured stands. Typhlodromus bambusae, a nature enemy in the poly-cultured forests at five locations in Fujian, was 262.5% as high as that in the mono-cultured forests. The proportion of pest mite and nature enemy in the mono-cultured forests was 1:118, but was 1:13 in the poly-cultured forests. The change of bamboo cultivation (mono-culture, crowding of bamboo plants, and removal of underfloor plants) might be the major cause of mite pest outbreaks in moso bamboo forests.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Cross-fostering in combination with ivermectin therapy: a method to eradicate murine fur mites.

A colony of mutant mice with sickle cell anemia was infested with the fur mites Myocoptes musculinus and Myobia musculi. Pups of sickle-cell phenotype obtained by cesarean section prior to natural birth were of such poor vigor that none survived the combined insults of delivery by hysterectomy and cross-fostering. Consequently, surgical rederivation, the most reliable means of mite eradication, was not an option. Because furless mice are not susceptible to mite infestation and because neonates putatively remain free of mites until 4 to 5 days after birth, pups born by natural delivery were cross-fostered within 0 to 36 h to outbred lactating females treated once with ivermectin (2 mg/kg topically) at the time of transfer and housed in filter-top cages. Cross-fostering in conjunction with topical ivermectin administered to weaned mice one or more times at approximate 9-day intervals beginning on the day of weaning was successful in reliably eradicating mites. In addition, the 58% postnatal survivability of pups cross-fostered to dams given ivermectin was equivalent to that of natural-born pups that were reared by their untreated biological mothers.

Animal Husbandry↗

PubMed2006

Present situation of house dust mites in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

House dust mites are common inhalant allergens, which can precipitate atopic disease episodes. The present study revealed presence of four mites. These are Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Acheles gracilis and Ornithonyssus bacoti. Population densities of different live adult mites were investigated in different house habitats. In urban houses, pyroglyphid mites were the predominant in bedrooms and D. farinae was the most abundant. A. gracilis was more abundant in living rooms followed by D. farinae then D. pteronyssinus. A. gracilis was the most prevalent in kitchens. While in rural houses, O. bacoti was the most abundant species followed by pyroglyphid mites. Since Dermatophagoides species and A. gracilis were present in numbers high enough to allow their ecological consideration, their seasonal abundance in urban bed-rooms was investigated and revealed that both D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus have two peaks of abundance, one slightly higher in spring and the second in autumn. A. gracilis has two peaks but the higher occurred in autumn and the second in spring.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Field studies to determine mancozeb based spray programmes with minimal impact on predatory mites in European vine cultivation.

Mancozeb is an ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide with contact activity against a wide range of economically important fungal diseases. Its multi-site mode of action means that to date there have been no recorded incidences of resistance developing despite many years of use on high risk diseases. One such disease, Grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) has developed resistance to a number of important oomycete specific fungicides following their introduction onto the market. The role of Mancozeb either as a mixing or alternation partner in helping to manage these resistance situations remains critically important. Historical use patterns for mancozeb in tree and vine crops involved many applications of product at high use rates. Although this gave excellent disease control, a negative impact on predatory mites has been reported by researchers. This has lead to the development of mancozeb spray programmes in vines and other crops with a much reduced impact on predatory mites. A range of field studies was conducted in France, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain where either 2 or 4 applications of mancozeb containing products were made per season at different spray timings. These trials covered the representative range of uses, agronomic practices, mite species and geographical locations in Europe. In this paper findings from ten field studies in five different vine growing regions in Europe indicated that two to four applications of mancozeb at 1.6 kg a.i./ha as part of a spray programme caused minimal impact on naturally occurring populations of predatory mites which in turn was compatible with Integrated Pest Management programmes and the conservation of predatory mites.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[The control of storage mites in the mycological laboratory].

Mycological cultures in the laboratory are threatened by storage mites who feed on fungi and cause contamination by transferring bacteria and fungi from culture to culture. To eliminate mites from fungal cultures without damage to the fungi themselves several chemical and physical procedures were tested. The following substances were added to Sabouraud glucose (2%) agar at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0%: gamma benzene hexachloride (lindane), N-ethyl-o-crotonyltoluide, pyrethrins, dieldrin N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, benzyl benzoate, and--as popular household remedies--Eau de Cologne, neutral soap and garlic. The media were inoculated with 4 dermatophytes (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum and E. floccosum). Two to three weeks later the fully grown cultures were contaminated with mites and their eggs. In other test series, mite infested cultures were exposed to heat (40 degrees C and 60 degrees C) or cold from -12 degrees C to -28 degrees C over different periods of time. Finally, the protective value of sealing culture dishes with adhesive tape was investigated. The most useful method to control mite infestation in fungal cultures seemed to be exposure to heat over a short time.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[The mite-free room (MFR) for the management of atopic dermatitis: living in the MFR improved first the itch and then the dermatitis].

While there are increasing data supporting the view that mite allergen sensitivity is one of the major causes of atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as asthma, it is practically difficult to avoid house dust allergens as part of the management of AD. Therefore, we served a conditioned room in which mites were eliminated to the level less than 3 mites/m2, named mite free room (MFR) for experimental treatment of AD to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of the mite-free condition. Thirteen relatively severe patients with high-IgE RAST score to the mite allergens were treated with night time admission to the MFR without disturbing their social activities in the day time. Our MFR treatment gave eleven of the thirteen patients relief from itch and dermatitis within 2 to 3 weeks, yet they stayed average only 11 hours a day in the MFR. These results may provide a possible candidate in the treatment of AD instead of topical and/or systemic medicines of which prolonged usage is sometimes associated with adverse side effects.

Adolescent↗