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PubMed1979

[New features in the course and outcome of treatment of lactation mastitis].

An analysis of the outcomes of the treatment of 150 patients with lactational mastitis has warranted the conclusion on a secondary origin of the disease in many cases. Not infrequently lactational mastitis occurred as a result of a pathological delivery and hospitalism, in 8% of patients lactational mastitis being nothing but a local manifestation of a general purulent infection--sepsis. In the most of patients a radical dissection of the abscess has proved to be an effective and sufficient therapeutic method. The greatest difficulties were encountered in the treatment of sepsis with necrosis, sequestration or fusion of vast portions of the mammary gland.

Breast↗
PubMed1979

[Bovine mastitis: a problem of veterinary medicine, economics and food hygiene (author's transl)].

Veterinary medicine, dairying, and consumers are likewise interested in mastitis control. The veterinary point of view includes health and function of the udder as well as the production of milk of hygienic quality. Investigations in 6 dairy farms showed that a mastitis control program improved the udder health and resulted in economic benefits. Up to 67% of the subclinical infected udder quarters could be eliminated by prophylactical control measures, especially teat dipping and dry cow therapy. The frequency of clinical udder infections was reduced by about 50%. Furthermore in the first year 5.1% and 7.1% increase of milk and fat yield respectively could be noticed for cows being subject to the program for the whole time. These values could not be reached in the second year. In one herd the milk production increased by about 10% after a control period of two years. The owner of this herd (ca. 35 cows), who was very engaged in the program, obtained an economical benefit of ca. 3500 DM in the first and 7300 DM in the second year of the program. This realised a profit of1.85 DM in the first year and 3.85 DM in the second year per each DM cost in the control program. Mastitis as well as control measures do not implicate a special risk for the human health, because food and drug regulations enable the protection of the consumer in an optimal manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Granulomatous mastitis. A review of 5 cases.

A review of 67 cases diagnosed as granulomatous, tuberculous or fungal mastitis revealed 5 cases which were similar, clinically and histopathologically, to the new entity of granulomatous mastitis described by Kessler and Wolloch. The 5 patients were young women of childbearing age, 4 with breast lesions clinically simulating carcinoma of the breast. Histopathological examination showed granulomata and abscess formation confined to the breast lobules. No acid-fast bacilli or fungi were demonstrated. Granulomatous mastitis may be caused by a chemical reaction associated with contraceptive pill therapy, or may have an auto-immune or infective aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Pathohistological studies on so-called subclinical mastitis].

Three different localisations of each one of 118 udder quarters were histologically tested. All the 118 quarters had been clinically unchanged for not less than three months before slaughter, and the milk obtained from them had been without any major change over at least six weeks. Sixty-two quarters that had produced positive response to the highspeed mastitis test just before slaughter exhibited 45 inflammatory changes (72 per cent), most of them in terms of proliferative lobular mastitis or exudative alveolitis. One of such changes was recorded from 20 in 47 quarters (21 per cent) which had reacted negatively to the highspeed mastitis test. Comparison with the clinical history of the udders showed that 47 per cent of the established changes could be interpreted as sequels of previous clinical disorder in udder condition, while the greater part of all findings was based on completely negative udder histories.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Subclinical mastitis in sheep milked mechanically].

Studied were the occurrence and the etiologic structure of subclinical mastitis of ewes with which mechanical milking was practiced. It was found that as many as 21,9 per cent of the animals responded positively after the Bernburg test. Eight per cent out of the 875 ewes studied were affected with subclinical mastitis. Etiologically, Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. epidermidis were found to take part in the incidence of the disease. Predisposing factors contributing to the outbreak of this type of mastitis were the traumatic injuries of the udder due to the so-called blind milking and the individual deviations in the morphology of the mammary gland. Secretory troubles were found in 11.7 per cent of the sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Susceptibility of sows to experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis.

A study was conducted to compare susceptibility of sows from 2 herds to experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. Four sows each from herds R and S were inoculated intramammarily at postpartum hour 8 with a strain of E coli shown previously to be capable of producing mastitis. After inoculation with E coli, sows from herd S had higher temperatures, lower WBC counts, and lower plasma protein:fibrinogen ratios than did sows from herd R. Inoculated sows from herd S lost 83% of newborn pigs due to starvation by 14 days after inoculation, whereas sows from herd R lost none. Control, noninoculated sows from both herds had normal temperatures, normal hematologic values, and minimal mortality of piglets. Levels of antibodies (complement fixing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and agglutinating) to E coli in preinoculation sera from the 2 populations of sows did not differ. Assay of lactoferrin by radial immunoassay revealed comparable concentrations in milk of sows from both herds during the first 24 hours after sows had delivered, but significantly higher values were detected in milk from sows of herd S at postpartum days 2 and 3. The basis for the marked difference in susceptibility to E coli-induced mastitis was not determined except that "susceptible" sows (herd S) were from a conventional herd and "resistant" sows (herd R) were from a specific-pathogen-free herd.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Depression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function associated with experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in sows.

In a study of susceptibilities of sows from 2 herds to experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis, a marked difference was seen. The "susceptible" sows were from a conventional herd and "resistant" sows were from a specific-pathogen-free herd. The purpose of the study was to determine whether deficient neutrophil function was associated with increased susceptibility to E coli-induced mastitis. Four in vitro procedures were used to evaluate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function: (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) ingestion of 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (iii) quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and (iv) iodination. After parturition and intramammary inoculation with E coli, sows from the susceptible herd were neutropenic and the neutrophils which were present in the peripheral blood had reduced function. Specifically, there were depressed random migration under agarose, S aureus ingestion, and iodination when compared with PMN function in resistant sows. These data indicate that susceptibility to E coli mastitis was associated with deficiencies in PMN numbers and function. Potential causes of the neutrophil dysfunction are discussed and include possible systemic hormonal aberrations or the presence of an inapparent viral or bacterial infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Hemolytic complement titers and complement C3 levels in endotoxin-induced mastitis.

Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide B was instilled through the lactiferous duct of cows to induce acute mastitis. Hemolytic complement (C) activity and C3 concentrations were determined in blood serum and in renninprecipitated whey before, and at certain times after, mastitis was induced. Hemolytic complement activity was detected in the whey only during the first 36 hours after endotoxin was instilled, whereas activity was not seen before and 48 or more hours after the endotoxin was given. The maximum titer as measured with the guinea pig RBC/bovine natural antibody system was 1:64. The C3 concentrations in normal whey (before installation of endotoxin), measured by radial immunodiffusion, were between 1% and 4% of the base-line blood serum values (pool from healthy cows). The whey concentration of C3 increased (to 5% to 18%) during the first 8 hours of mastitis. However, at 72 hours, the whey values were back to preinstillation concentrations in all quarters.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serratia-mastitis in cows as a herd problem].

Clinical mastitis with infection of Serratia marcescens occurred in a tied-up dairy herd in Sweden on a scale widely exceeding what has hitherto been reported in veterinary literature. The herd contained 37 milking cows before the disease period but only 14 at slaughter 21 months later in spite of some recruitment. A very large number of mastitis cases, usually rather mild and of short duration, had then occurred--during one single month not less than 47 cases. Hardly any cow escaped the disease. Instead, the single cows fell ill at short intervals with mastitis in the same quarter as previously or in another quarter. Antibiotic therapy in clinical cases, dry cow therapy and teat dipping had no obvious effect. Serratia marcescens was isolated in all 14 slaughtered cows in one or more quarters. The morphological changes were remarkably mild. Isolated Serratia strains revealed no distinctive marks compared with ordinary saprophytic strains in laboratory tests. Serratia-contaminated sawdust used as litter was possibly the source of infection and the milking machine possibly the tool for the transmission of bacteria to the udder, in the latter case by the aspiration of contaminated sawdust when the claw was attached or detached, or it fell off during milking. The pathogenicity of the bacteria and the susceptibility of the cows to udder infection may have been increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Relation of the count of somatic cells in tank samples to the incidence of contagious mastitis on large farms].

The relation between the prevalence of contagious mastitis with the finding of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus and the number of somatic cells in the tank samples of milk was studied on the basis of a clinical and bacteriological examination of 11 129 daily cows on four large farms, with a capacity of 600 to 1240 animals. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the analyzed characteristics (r = 0.621). The relation was demonstrated at a prevalence up to 25.3%. The number of somatic cells provides a marked indication of prevalence only from 10%. We failed to demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between the prevalence of mastitis with a cultivation finding of Staphylococcus aureus and the number of somatic cells in tank samples of milk (r = 0.054). The results suggest that on large farms it will not be possible to use only the number of somatic cells in tank milk samples as a signal of diagnostic improvement and preventive mastitis-control measures, since a 10% prevalence of these diseases usually excludes the possibility of herd sanitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of various environmental factors on the incidence of mastitis in cows and implementation of prevention programs].

The analysis carried out aimed at obtaining numerical data concerning the environmental conditions and finding about whether their improvement would contribute to control mastitis. Examinations of the environmental conditions were made seven times during the year, and mastitis was found in 2,088 cows of the black and white breed in 12 cowsheds of the state farms in the Szczecin district. The analysis resulted in gradual improvement of zoo sanitary conditions and in a decrease of mastitis cases. This correlation was proved statistically. A characteristic correlation was found between the sanitary state and infection intensity r = 0,948, between the sanitary state aNd irritation intensity of this gland r = 0,945. Moreover, the duration of udder dryness in cows was analysed. In 50,43% of the cows examined the period of dryness was short. In these cows the intensity of infection was higher (81,7%) than in cows with a normal period of dryness (33,5%).

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of various environmental factors on the development of mastitis in cows and the implementation of a control program].

The analysis carried out aimed at obtaining numerical data concerning the environmental conditions and finding out whether their improvement would contribute to control mastitis. Examinations of the environmental conditions were made seven times during the year, and mastitis was found in 2,088 cows of the black and white breed in 12 cowsheds of the state farms in the Szczecin district. The analysis resulted in gradual improvement of zoo sanitary conditions and in a decrease of mastitis cases. This correlation was proved statistically. A characteristic correlation was found between the sanitary state and infection intensity r = 0,948, between the sanitary state aNd irritation intensity of this gland r = 0,945. Moreover, the duration of udder dryness in cows was analysed. In 50,43% of the cows examined the period of dryness was short. In these cows the intensity of infection was higher (81,7%) than in cows with a normal period of dryness (33,5%).

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1983

The effect of lincomycin-neomycin treatment on experimental anaerobic bacterial bovine mastitis.

Three healthy lactating quarters of a Friesland cow were each experimentally infected with a pure culture of a strain of either Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium lentum or a Peptostreptococcus sp. respectively. The onset and progression to clinical mastitis was monitored 12 hourly by examination for clinical signs of inflammation, bacterial culture, somatic cell counts and with a strip cup. All infected quarters developed clinical mastitis within 24 hours. The 2 quarters infected with B. fragilis and E. lentum respectively were treated 4 times consecutively at 12 hour intervals, commencing at 24 h by intramammary instillation of 10 ml of a mixture containing 200 mg lincomycin hydrochloride, 200 mg neomycin sulphate and 5 mg methylprednisolone (Lincocin Forte, Upjohn). Both quarters became clinically normal and no bacteria could be detected in the secretions 12 hours after the first treatment. At 36 hours the strip cup became negative, and the somatic cell count dropped to less than 500 X 10(3) at 72 hours after the initial treatment. The quarter infected with a Peptostreptococcus sp. was unable to overcome the infection by natural means when intramammary treatment was delayed for the first 36 hours after the onset of clinical mastitis. Subsequent treatment of this quarter gave results similar to those treated earlier.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis due to "D" streptococci].

Cytologic and bacteriologic investigations were carried out with a total of 364 samples of cow milk and secretion from 11 farms taken from individual quarters of the udder that have reacted positively and strongly positively with the rapid mastitis test Bernburg. It was found that in 330 of the cases there were data of clinical and subclinical mastitis of varying etiology. In 43 of the cases the causative agent (as isolated in pure cultures) proved to be "D" streptococci, giving positive reaction as judged by Schermann's criteria--from 9 cases of clinical and 34 cases of subclinical mastitis. The cell count varied from 360 000 to more than 5 million per cub. cm. Detailed studies were carried out on the cultural and biochemical properties of 31 strains of "D" streptococci, 17 strains belonging to Str. faecalis var. zymogenes, 9 strains--to Str. faecalis var. faecalis, and 5 strains--to Str. faecalis var. liquefaciens.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on mammary blood flow during experimentally induced mastitis in lactating goats.

Mammary blood flow (MBF) was recorded chronically in lactating goats by means of an electromagnetic flow probe. Experimental mastitis was induced by intramammary injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharides. Control mastitis experiments were accompanied by a significant increase in MBF characterized by 2 conspicuous peaks, by fever, increased heart rate, swelling, heat and pain of the gland, and increased chloride in milk. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suprofen, indomethacine and flurbiprofen were potent antipyretics during mastitis but had only little effect on the biphasic MBF pattern. Indomethacine induced a strong and long lasting vasoconstriction in the udder. MBF peak I was quantitatively unaffected although flurbiprofen was able to delay its appearance. All drugs partially suppressed MBF peak II, this being most significantly with flurbiprofen. None of them prevented either swelling of the gland or high milk chloride but all inhibited pain in the gland. MBF peak II may be partially induced by the decrement stage of fever. Locally formed prostaglandins play little or no role in the genesis of MBF peak I but may be involved in MBF peak II.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Penicillin (cloxacillin)-tolerant Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis: identification and lack of correlation between tolerance in vitro and response to therapy in vivo.

Twenty-four isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from naturally occurring cases of bovine mastitis were examined in vitro for resistance to cloxacillin. All strains produced penicillinase and none showed intrinsic resistance (methicillin resistance) to cloxacillin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cloxacillin for all these strains was normal (low) but differences were found between them in their sensitivities to the bactericidal action. Three were considered to be tolerant to cloxacillin and a further five possibly so. In a mouse model of mastitis there was no difference in the response to intramammary therapy with cloxacillin between cloxacillin-sensitive or tolerant strains of S aureus and a known methicillin-resistant strain was similarly sensitive to cloxacillin therapy in vivo. It is concluded that cloxacillin tolerance may have little clinical significance in mastitis therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Metronidazole for treatment of puerperal mastitis (author's transl)].

Pathogenic anaerobic bacteria may be among the causes of puerperal mastitis which, therefore, was treated by the authors with metronidazole (Vagimid) and with antibiotics, such as penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, and oxytetracycline. Best results were obtained by administration of metronidazole to patients in early mastitis. The frequency of incisions was reduced. The therapeutic results obtained from the use of metronidazole on patients with advanced mastitis were identical with those obtained from antibiotics.--Metronidazole concentrations were equal in serum and milk. No side effects were observed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Body pharmacokinetics of methicillin, oxacillin and cephaloridine in puerperal mastitis].

Mechanisms of absorption, distribution and excretion of methicillin, oxacillin and cephaloridin were studied in 46 women with postnatal mastitis (serous and infiltrative forms). The results obtained allow one to document different clinical efficiency of antibiotics in treatment of patients with postnatal mastitis. Poor efficiency of cephaloridin in therapy of mastitis was shown.

Adult↗