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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Hemihypoplasia of the mandible combined with lateral open bite corrected by sandwich technique. A case report.

A hemihypoplasia of the body of the mandible and the ascending ramus on the left side, combined with a lateral open bite on the right side is described. Operative reconstruction on the left side was performed by sandwich technique. The correction of the lateral open bite involved the following: vertical ramus osteotomy on the right side, paramedian vertical body osteotomy on the left side, moving the body of the mandible upwards into the predetermined position.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Long-term results of augmentation of the atrophic mandible.

This is a report on the long term results of Visor-Sandwich Osteotomy. From 1979 until now, more than 60 patients with extreme atrophy of the mandible were operated on. All patients underwent bone transplantation from the iliac crest, and, about half a year later, mouth-floor and vestibuloplasties with skin grafting were done. 29 patients were selected who had been operated on by the same oral surgeon. The purpose of this investigation was: a. to investigate the number of sensitivity disturbances in the mental nerve area; b. to get an impression of the overall results; and c. to determine the rate of resorption of the mandible after osteotomy, bone grafting and vestibuloplasty, which were carried out 1.5 to 5 years previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Sagittal splitting of the body of the mandible (Mehnert's technique) for correction of open bite and deep over bite.

The sliding of the inner and outer cortex of the mandible based on the sagittal splitting (Obsegeser 1955) is usually confined to the ramus and angle area. It can, however, also be performed in the body of the mandible even in cases with normal dentition. In these cases, the sagittal split is carried out below the dentoalveolar region (Mehnert 1959). The technical possibilities and the experiences made are shown. It can be concluded that this technique is particularly indicated in cases of open bite and severe deep over bite whether they are associated or not with a prognathism or retromandibulism of moderate degree.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Absolute augmentation of the extremely atrophic mandible. (A modified technique).

A modified technique for reconstruction of the atrophic mandible is presented. The caudal part of the mandible is mobilized through a combined intra-extraoral approach or an entirely extraoral approach. The bone graft is then inserted between the osteotomized fragments. The results in terms of bone resorption are comparable with those of the original method, but the risk of a lesion of the mandibular nerve is substantially reduced. Moreover, supplementary vestibuloplasty is only occasionally necessary.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed1985

Spontaneous regeneration of the mandible in a child. A sequel to partial avulsion as a result of a war injury.

A 7-year-old child sustained a severe avulsion injury to the left mandible leaving a 6 cm. gap. A Kirschner wire alone was used for immobilization and stabilization. Radiographs of the mandible 2 1/2 years later showed complete osteogenesis and solid bone formation over the Kirschner wire. The young age of the patient was definitely important in influencing this favourable result. The author's experience in older war injuries patients, using the same procedure, has shown no such bone formation. The source of osteogenesis is believed to be from mesenchymal cells of the soft tissue remaining in the gap. The theories pertaining to the source and mode of osteogenesis in this case are discussed.

Bone Regeneration↗
PubMed1985

Displacement of the mandible during intermaxillary fixation after oblique sliding osteotomy. A stereometric and cephalometric radiographic study.

The X-ray stereometric method was applied for the first time to a series of consecutive patients to record operative repositioning of the mandible during oblique sliding osteotomy and postoperative displacement of the mandible during intermaxillary fixation. Comparison with cephalometric measurements was presented. The operative repositioning pattern was presented. Postoperatively a posterior displacement pattern was found with incisor extrusion in both jaws. Correlation between operative repositioning and postoperative displacement and between the two measurement methods was assessed. The stereometric method offers information on displacement on all three planes and a higher degree of accuracy. To avoid incisor extrusion, besides intermaxillary dental fiscation also skeletal fixation is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Sexual dimorphism in the crania and mandibles of South African whites.

Numerous studies have clearly demonstrated that skeletal characteristics vary by population. To date, there are no metric cranial criteria for South African whites. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish population specific standards for sex determination from the skull. A total of 12 standard cranial and five mandibular measurements were taken from 44 male and 47 female skeletons of known sex and race from the Pretoria and Dart collections. These were subjected to SPSS discriminant function analysis. Bizygomatic breadth was the most dimorphic dimension. Five functions were developed from the complete cranium, vault, face, mandible and bizygomatic breadth. Dimensions from the complete cranium provided the best accuracy. In the mandible, bigonial breadth was the most dimorphic of the measurements taken. Average accuracies ranged from 80% (bizygomatic breadth alone) to 86% (cranium). These accuracies are similar to those obtained by researchers on other groups (e.g., 84% in Japanese crania and about 86% in American whites and blacks). Diagnostic accuracy, however, is lower than that obtained from the South African femur and tibia.

Discriminant Analysis↗
PubMed2003

Multiple huge osteomas of the mandible causing disfigurement related with Gardner's syndrome: case report.

As osteomas of the bones including the jaws may be the initial symptom or clinical finding in the Gardner's syndrome, this entity should always be included in the differential diagnosis. A 20-year-old boy was referred to our clinic from another medical center. Extra-oral examination of the patient revealed an obvious asymmetry and disfigurement of the left mandibular corpus, angle and ramus. A panoramic radiograph revealed two huge osteomas at the angle, ramus and two smaller osteomas at the inferior border of the mandible. At the same time, there were an impacted canine and premolar. Diffuse sclerosis of the whole mandible was also seen. Upon the suspicion of Gardner's syndrome, barium passage radiographs of the intestine were requested and multiple polyps were observed. All of these findings led us to the diagnosis of Gardner's syndrome. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon and the dentist needs to be aware of the components of this entity because manifestations in the head and neck including epidermoid cysts, osteomas, odontomas, exostoses, supernumerary and impacted teeth are common. At the same time, osteomas causing disfigurement on the face related with Gardner's syndrome with increased uptake in scintigraphic examination should be treated by surgical excision of the lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Periosteal migration in the growing mandible: an animal model.

Migration of mandibular periosteum and attached musculature was tracked along the inferior border of the ramus in growing and nongrowing guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) over a 6-week period. Particulate metallic growth-tracing implants were placed through the bony mandible and adjacent musculature at two anteroposterior locations and two bony reference markers were placed anteriorly. Quantification from weekly radiographs of growing animals showed marked posterior migration of the periosteum, whereas in nongrowing animals there was negligible periosteum movement. Significantly greater migration occurred in posterior (6.37 +/- 0.76 mm) implants relative to the anterior implants (3.45 +/- 0.86 mm, p < 0.001). The neutral zone, where little periosteal migration occurs, was calculated to be approximately at the anteroposterior center of the molar tooth row. Analysis of the orientation of the medial pterygoid muscle relative to the mandible showed that muscle fibers on average become more horizontal. Thus, the study found differential anteroposterior migration of the mandibular periosteum in growing animals and correlative changes in orientation of the medial pterygoid muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Reconstruction of the severely resorbed mandible prior to vestibuloplasty or placement of endosseous implants. A 2 to 5 year follow-up.

Ninety-two patients underwent augmentation of the severely resorbed mandible using corticocancellous bone grafts in the symphysis and a mixture of autogenous cancellous bone chips and hydroxylapatite particles in the posterior area. This study, extending from 2 to 5 years, shows that predictable and stable results were achieved. The average loss of height measured at 3 reference points was approximately 20%. Slight sensory disturbance was present in 19 patients (23%). Benefits derived from augmentation of the atrophic mandible include: improvement of facial form due to the renewed support of the collapsed circumoral muscles, a decrease in the intermaxillary distance, and restoration of mandibular bone bulk that will accommodate endosseous implants of maximum size.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed1997

A three-dimensional study of bending and torsion moments for different fracture sites in the mandible: an in vitro study.

The aim of the study was to determine and compare bending and torsion moments across mandibular fractures, for different positions of the bite point and different sites of the fracture. Three identical resin mandibles, each with a single fracture, were used. The fracture sites were in the angle, body and symphyseal regions. A polyethylene bone plate was used for fixation. Simulated bite forces were applied at 13 bite points. For each bite point, the displacements of the fragments were registered and converted into bending and torsion moments across the fracture. Positive bending moments were defined as those moments that caused compression at the lower border and tension at the alveolar side of the mandible; negative bending moments did the opposite. Angle fractures had relatively high positive bending moments. Body fractures had positive as well as negative bending moments and the highest torsion moments. Symphyseal fractures had negative bending moments only and relatively high torsion moments. It was found that angle, body and symphyseal fractures each have a characteristic load pattern. These load patterns should play a decisive role in the treatment of mandibular fractures with regard to number and positioning of plates.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Reconstruction of the mandible by prefabricated autogenous bone grafts. An experimental study in minipigs.

The aim of the present experimental study was to evaluate the use of prefabricated bone grafts for reconstruction of the mandible. In 20 adult Göttingen minipigs, prefabricated bone grafts 10 x 12 x 40 mm in size were cultivated in scaffolds of pyrolized bovine bone under a polylactic membrane on the outside of the mandible during a period of five months. The grafts were harvested and transferred to bridge 2- and 4-cm lower mandibular border defects and discontinuity defects. Five animals served as ungrafted controls and evaluation of the grafts was performed three and five months after grafting. At both intervals and in both graft-length groups, the grafted bone volume was almost completely preserved inside the scaffolds and exhibited a slight (3 months) to marked (5 months) increase in bone density by appositional bone growth. The inserted screws were histologically integrated into the transplanted bone and the grafts were linked to the adjacent mandibular bone without intervening soft tissue. The grafts, which were transferred to bridge discontinuity defects, were likewise well preserved with direct fusion between the grafted bone and local bone. It was concluded that bone grafts can be prefabricated from underlying mandibular bone and used for the repair of mandibular defects of various length and shape.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The human mandible in lateral view: elliptical fourier descriptors of the outline and their morphological analysis.

An original procedure based on new developments in elliptical Fourier methods associated with image analysis technics was applied to 117 human mandibles in lateral view (69 males, 48 females) in order to analyze interindividual variability and sexual dimorphism. Original parameters, called elliptical Fourier descriptors, allowed for the quantification of the shape of an outline irrespective of its morphological complexity, and provided a precise individual characterization. The use of step by step reconstructions with an increasing number of harmonics allowed for demonstration of the morphological contributions of the elliptical Fourier descriptors, and relationships to precise anatomical features were established. The first harmonics (1st to 8th) described the general mandibular shape, and the later harmonics (8th to 14th) characterized accessory and finer morphological features. The proportion of individuals presenting significant sexual dimorphism was 97.1% in males and 91.7% in females, and after size normalization 84.1% in males and 81.2% in females. Even after removal of the size component, these results in regard to mandibular dimorphism remained better than those found by classical approaches; this could be due to the use of elliptical Fourier analysis which takes into account all the information of the mandibular outline. Compared to the size component, the shape component seemed to be more important in the sexual dimorphism of the human mandible than previously recognized. The present approach opens interesting anthropological and clinical perspectives for the characterization of mandibular morphology.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Functional conditions of the mandible: theory and physiology.

The functional conditions of the mandible are differentiated according to the number of kinematic degrees of freedom assigned to each mandibular movement. One degree of freedom: pro- and retrusive occlusal border movement. The interplay of the TMJs with the occluding teeth determines a compulsory course which corresponds to a 4-bar-chain guidance. 2 degrees of freedom: free sagittal mouth movement without tooth contact. Using graphic recordings of cyclic mandibular movements, the mobile hinge axis is identified as a mandibularly fixed line which is not directly categorized as a part of an anatomical structure. In the maxillary coordinate system, its movement describes a cylinder; sagittally, it describes a circle. The mandibular positions are clearly identifiable with 2 angles. The in vivo measurements show that neuromuscularly healthy systems supply the mandible with anticipatory guidance. 3 degrees of freedom: bolus function. The articular space in the TMJ is utilized.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Alteration of the functional condition of the mandible during clinical treatment.

Free mandibular movements and their neuromuscular guidance were measured with an ultrasonic device and analyzed with computer software developed by the authors. In all patients examined, we found maxillarly- and mandibularly-fixed axes which maintain a constant distance. This guidance system is named a neuromuscularly-determined dimeric link chain. The position of the mandible is defined by the 2 rotational angles (mu, alpha) around the axes of the dimeric link chain. This dimeric link chain of free movements normally functions according to the principle of least action. The angular velocities around the 2 axes show a constant ratio during the different segments of motion. In the mu-alpha-diagrams, the segments of movements of the mandible are represented by straight lines, the shortest path between 2 positions. Individual cases and statistical data show that the structure of mandibular movements of patients with skeletal mandibular retrognathism combined with dental class-II-relationship without craniomandibular pain significantly differs from the structure in patients with neutral alignment. Mandibular retrognathism and class-II-relationship are accompanied by marked coordination disturbances of rotations around the maxillary and mandibular neuromuscular axes. Following orthodontic-surgical treatment that restored ideal alignment of the occlusal, articular, and skeletal structures, the patients examined showed a similar pattern in the structure of mandibular movements to that of patients with neutral skeletal and dental relationships. Thus, combined orthodontic-surgical treatment leads to measurable functional harmonization not only of the skeletal and dental structures, but also of the neuromuscular guidance system.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Lengthening of the hypoplastic mandible by gradual distraction in childhood--a preliminary report.

Uni- or bilateral mandibular hypoplasia can be associated with various syndromes or is acquired after early traumatic or inflammatory disease in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Early treatment is necessary to avoid consequent impairment of midfacial growth. The standard treatment of these malformations consists of the application of bone grafts which can lead to unpredictable growth. Furthermore, these procedures often require intermaxillary fixation and sometimes blood transfusions. Lengthening of the mandible by gradual distraction, according to the method of Ilizarov, opens new perspectives for interceptive therapy. This paper reports on this method applied in 9 cases of mandibular hypoplasia. Out of 3 bilateral and 6 unilateral mandibular distractions the average amount of bone lengthening was 21 mm, ranging from 15 to 25 mm. In order to facilitate ossification, the mandibles were maintained in external fixation for an average of 9 weeks subsequent to the period of active lengthening. Thereafter, immediate postoperative orthodontic treatment is necessary to avoid a relapse. No complications were noted during the follow-up period (max 17 months).

Adolescent↗