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Results for “Language Tests”

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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Recording neurological impairment in clinical trials of glioma.

The criteria for clinical response to treatment in cerebral glioma remain poorly defined, but could be made more objective if simple measures of neurological impairments were included in the definitions. We assessed the utility of simple fast previously validated tests of limb impairment (Timed nine hole peg test and 10 meter walk), memory (Williams delayed recall test) and language (Boston Aphasia Severity Rating Scale) in fifty patients with primary brain tumours to see if they could act as a surrogate for neurological impairment. The tests were compared with established measures of physical disability (Barthel Disability Index [BDI]) and handicap. Timed tests of hand function and gait were sensitive to minor impairments and were abnormal in patients with physical disability on BDI. Timed tests correlated well with handicap (rank correlation 0.734). Short term memory was impaired more commonly with tumours involving the left hemisphere (p < 0.01). Dysphasia limited testing of memory in 8%. Depression was associated with problems in limb function (p < 0.01), memory (p < 0.001), language (p < 0.001), BDI (p < 0.001) and handicap (p < 0.001). The number of abnormal fast tests also correlated with the severity of handicap (rank correlation 0.786) indicating that memory impairment and aphasia contribute to handicap and should be assessed. Median time to complete all assessments was 7 minutes 20 seconds. Utilization of these simple tests will add sensitivity and objectivity to evaluation of neurological response in clinical trials and can be performed quickly by non medical staff.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in language of Alzheimer disease patients revisited.

Results of recent investigations suggest that Alzheimer disease (AD) has a more deleterious effect on language in women than in men. This intriguing finding motivated an analysis of the language performance of probable AD patients, equally divided as to gender, on a variety of language comprehension and production tests. Cross-sectional data were available for 63 probable AD subjects and longitudinal data were available for 26. In addition to analysis of covariance used with the cross-sectional data, effect sizes were calculated. The longitudinal data were analyzed with repeated-measures analyses of covariance. The sum of scores on the orientation items of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used as the covariate in both analyses. No significant differences between the performance scores of male and female subjects were obtained for either the cross-sectional or longitudinal data. All effect sizes of gender were relatively small, with female patients outperforming males on most language tests. Results are discussed in the context of previous findings and comparison of the effect sizes among studies.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1979

Language deficits after apparent clinical recovery from childhood aphasia.

Twenty-seven children with childhood injury to the left hemisphere were tested for language function and compared with appropriate controls. Eleven children had incurred their lesions before the age of 1 year, 16 afterward. The group with perinatal injury to the left hemisphere did not show a specific aphasic deficit even though they were mildly cognitively impaired. The group of children with later injury to the left hemisphere showed aphasic deficits if the original injury had caused a language defect; otherwise the left hemisphere injury was not associated with specific disturbances in language function. The average age at time of lesion in those children who had recovered from aphasia was 4.7 years. We conclude that even when childhood aphasia results from a unilateral nonprogressive lesion, recovery of language is less complete than has been generally supposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Social communication in children with autism: the relationship between theory of mind and discourse development.

This longitudinal study investigated the developmental trajectory of discourse skills and theory of mind in 57 children with autism. Children were tested at two time points spaced 1 year apart. Each year they provided a natural language sample while interacting with one parent, and were given standardized vocabulary measures and a developmentally sequenced battery of theory of mind tasks. The language samples were coded for conversational skills, specifically the child's use of topic-related contingent utterances. Children with autism made significant gains over 1 year in the ability to maintain a topic of discourse. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that theory of mind skills contributed unique variance to individual differences in contingent discourse ability and vice versa, when measured concurrently; however, they did not predict longitudinal changes. The findings offer some empirical support for the hypothesis that theory of mind is linked to communicative competence in children with autism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sentence level auditory comprehension treatment program for aphasic adults.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a newly developed sentence level auditory comprehension (SLAC) treatment program could be used to improve language comprehension test scores in adults with chronic aphasia. Results indicate that the SLAC treatment program can be used with chronic patients; performance on a standardized test (the Token Test) was improved after treatment; and improved performance could not be predicted from either anatomic CT scan lesion sites or pretreatment test scores. One advantage to the SLAC treatment program is that the patient can practice listening independently with a tape recorder device (Language Master) and earphones either in the hospital or at home.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1994

Clinical decision making: describing the decision rules of practicing speech-language pathologists.

The diagnostic decision-making standards used by practicing clinicians to determine language impairment were investigated. Randomly selected ASHA members who worked with children were asked to review hypothetical and real case profiles of children ages 4 to 9:11 (years: months) with language performance skills ranging from slightly above average to substantially below average. Based on the child's age and language and intelligence test information, clinicians were asked to decide if the child was language impaired (LI) and, if so, to provide a severity rating. Results show significant interrater agreement among the 27 clinicians' LI decisions (generalized kappa = 0.14, p < .0001) and moderate intrarater reliability within clinician's LI decisions (phi = .68). Most of the clinicians' diagnostic decision-making standards could be modeled using stepwise logistic regression. These decision rules can provide guidance for those who wish to employ diagnostic standards that reflect those used in clinical practice. Also, these results provide insight into the manner in which clinicians use information for the determination of language impairment.

Adult↗