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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Distribution of the adult lactase phenotypes in Turkey.

The adult lactase phenotype, lactose absorber or malabsorber, was determined using the lactose tolerance test with breath hydrogen assay in a group of young, healthy, male Turks. Out of a total of 470 subjects, 135 (28.7%) were lactose absorbers and 335 (71.3%) lactose malabsorbers. The frequency of the 'lactase suppression gene' in this population sample was 0.844 (S.D. 0.012). The frequency of lactase suppression in Turkey is intermediate between that in southeast Europe and that in agricultural Arab populations and thus compatible with a genetic cline extending from Europe to southwest Asia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Chromium 51-ethylenediaminetetraacetate test: a useful test in the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease.

We evaluated the usefulness of urinary excretion values in assessing mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease after administration of chromium 51-labeled EDTA either orally or rectally. In the oral study, 19 controls, 18 patients with Crohn's disease, and 13 patients with ulcerative colitis were given 100 microCi 51Cr-EDTA by mouth. The amount of 51Cr-EDTA in a 24-hour urine collection was expressed as a percentage of the ingested dose. The patients with Crohn's disease of the small bowel excreted 6.3% +/- 4.3%, which was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than the percentage in patients with ulcerative colitis (1.7% +/- 1.1%) and controls (1.4% +/- 0.6%). In the enema study, 19 patients with ulcerative colitis, two with Crohn's disease, two with radiation colitis, and four controls (spastic colitis, lactose intolerance) were given 100 microCi 51Cr-EDTA by retention enema. The patients with active colonic inflammation excreted 8.4% +/- 3.9% of the dose given by enema, which was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than in other controls (1.9% +/- 0.91%) or patients with inactive colitis (2.2% +/- 1.9%). The 51Cr-EDTA excretion test is a safe, inexpensive test useful in evaluating patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It can be given orally to screen patients with abdominal complaints who are suspected of having Crohn's disease involving the small intestine, and when given by enema it provides additional objective assessment of idiopathic ulcerative colitis or proctitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Effective reduction of lactose maldigestion in preschool children by direct addition of beta-galactosidases to milk at mealtime.

We examined the efficiency of two beta-galactosidase preparations--one derived from the yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis (Lactaid), the other derived from the fungus, Aspergillus oryzae (Takamine)--to assist the in vivo digestion of lactose consumed by healthy Guatemalan preschool children. Milk prehydrolyzed by in vitro incubation with enzymes was used as the standard of reference, and the degree of incomplete digestion of lactose from 240 mL of milk was determined using the hydrogen breath test. In in vivo dose-response studies, both 3,250 neutral lactose units of Lactaid and 6,635 food and chemical codex lactose units of Takamine completely eliminated excess H2 excretion in a small sample of lactose-maldigesting subjects. When evaluated in a controlled, clinical trial setting, the same dose of Lactaid added directly to the milk at consumption produced an 82% relative reduction in H2 excretion, whereas Takamine was equally as effective as the prehydrolyzed milk. Thus, intraluminal conditions and gastrointestinal transit in the preschool child support the effective assisted digestion of milk lactose in an efficient manner and with the same enzyme to milk ratios as observed previously in adults.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Response of severe infantile diarrhoea to soya-based feeds.

Ongoing acute diarrhoea in infancy may respond to a change from a cows' milk to a soya-based formula. This is usually ascribed to the change in carbohydrate content of the feed but the ideal carbohydrate composition of the soya feed is uncertain. Twenty infants with severe watery diarrhoea persisting 2 days after initial rehydration and refeeding with a cows' milk formula were randomly allocated to one of two soya-based formulas. In one the carbohydrate was a mixture of sucrose and glucose polymers and in the other all the carbohydrate glucose polymers. No advantage was noted for either formula. Approximately 50% of each group responded to dietary change. The prompt cessation of diarrhoea and the disappearance of evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption suggests the response is due to the removal of lactose from the diet. Those infants that did not respond had evidence of continuing carbohydrate malabsorption and were not simply lactose-intolerant. The pathogenesis of this carbohydrate malabsorption and the possible relationship to small-bowel bacterial overgrowth requires further investigation.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1978

Tolerance to lactose among lactase-deficient American Indians.

To determine the amount of lactose that could be tolerated in a meal, 59 lactase-deficient American Indians, ranging in age from 5 to 62, were given graded doses of lactose. The diagnosis of lactase deficiency had beeen documented previously by showing increased breath hydrogen after an oral lactose load (2 g per kg, maximum 50 g). With this load, 88% of the subjects had symptoms. On 6 consecutive mornings, each subject was given a breakfast that contained graded doses of lactose ranging from 0 to 18 g. The order of the breakfasts was randomized and the contents were double-blinded. Symptoms, which were assessed by a "blinded" observer, were present after 9% of the breakfasts at all dosage levels, including the lactose-free breakfast. Thus, under the conditions of this study, a modest amount of lactose, equivalent to that present in 1 to 1 1/2 glasses of milk, when taken with a meal, is well tolerated by the lactase-deficient American Indian.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Avoidance diets--how selective should we be?

Selective avoidance diets are the most common means of treatment for food allergies and other types of food sensitivities. With IgE-mediated food allergies, adverse reactions can occur in some patients to very small amounts of the offending food; therefore, strict avoidance of the offending food must be accomplished. With other, non-immunological types of food sensitivities, such as lactose intolerance and sulfite sensitivity, the patients are able to tolerate some, although variable, amounts of the offending substance. Thus, the degree of tolerance is an important concern in the construction of safe and effective avoidance diets. Another issue in the development of selective avoidance diets is the presence of the allergen in specific foods. For example, the peanut allergen is a protein which is not present in peanut oil. Consequently, peanut oil is safe to consume for peanut-allergic patients. Cross-reactivity is yet another concern in the development of selective avoidance diets. Cross reactions can occur between related species of legumes, crustacea, eggs, and milk for example. The construction of a safe and effective avoidance diet for food allergies and sensitivities requires consideration of several important issues and is a responsibility that should not be taken lightly.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1986

[A proposal for the classification of intestinal complications in giardiasis].

Two hundred children hospitalized in the National Institute of Gastroenterology were studied during the 1972-1980 period. The children, whose ages ranged between six months and ten years, presented chronic diarrhea in which Giardia lamblia was considered the causative agent. The diagnosis of parasitism was made with the detection of Giardia lamblia in the feces and/or duodenal content. A serum D-Xylose and jejunal biopsy were performed on all the patients and the histology of the mucosa was classified in keeping with the degree of atrophy according to Metayer and Laumonier. In our study we divided the patients into three groups: Group 1, parasitism due to Giardia lamblia in patients with a normal D-xylose and different degrees of atrophy of the jejunal mucosa, but with normal D-Xylose and Group 3, malabsorption due to Giardia lamblia, with a pathological D-Xylose and alterations in the intestinal mucosa. There were 35 cases in Group 1 (17.5%), 91 cases in Group 2 (45.5%) and 74 cases in Group 3 (37%). The predominant intestinal lesion was partial atrophy of the villi (143), 20 with subtotal atrophy of the villi and two with complete atrophy of the villi. It was shown that the host's response to infection by Giardia lamblia varies with differing effects on the structures and functioning of the jejunal mucosa. It is important to group patients with chronic diarrhea due to Giardia lamblia in this way since it allows for and individualized clinical approach and provides a prognosis in terms nutritional consequences resulting from possible persistence of the diarrhea and possible associated lactose intolerance.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Oral lactose tolerance test in foals: technique and normal values.

Oral lactose tolerance tests were evaluated in 25 healthy foals (principals) assigned to 4 groups of approximately 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks of age. Lactose monohydrate (1 g/kg of body weight [in a 20% water solution]) was administered via nasogastric tube after a 4-hour fast. Plasma glucose concentrations were monitored before dosing (0 minutes) and sequentially for 300 minutes. Six control foals were given a volume of water equivalent to the volume of lactose monohydrate administered to principal foals. After oral lactose loading, mean plasma glucose concentrations of all principal foals increased from 99.76 mg/dl at 0 minutes to 176.80 mg/dl by 90 minutes. Peak increases in plasma glucose concentrations were attained by 8% of the foals (2 foals) at 30 minutes, 76% (19 foals) at 60 minutes, and 16% (4 foals) at 90 minutes. The mean plasma glucose concentration increase of principal foals, regardless of age or time of peaking, was 77.04 mg/dl. There was no significant (P greater than 0.05) difference in fasting plasma glucose concentrations (0 minutes) among the 4 groups of principal foals or between principal and control foals; however, there was a significant (P less than 0.05) difference in peak glucose concentrations between 1-week-old and 12-week-old principal foals, with the older foals having the higher concentrations. Mean plasma glucose concentrations of control foals decreased from 79.67 mg/dl at 0 minutes to 55.17 mg/dl by 180 minutes. The mean peak decrease in plasma glucose concentrations of control foals, regardless of time of peaking, was 24.50 mg/dl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children with abdominal pain.

Abdominal pain is a common gastrointestinal symptom in children. The purpose of this paper is to determine the upper gastrointestinal mucosal pathology in a group of children with abdominal pain. 48 consecutive children referred to the authors with the problem of abdominal pain were studied. These were divided into 2 groups. Those with only one episode of pain and lasting for less than 2 weeks were considered to have acute abdominal pain. Those with repeated episodes of pain and lasting for more than 2 weeks were considered to have recurrent abdominal pain. Careful clinical examination was done to exclude an acute surgical abdomen. Other common causes of abdominal pain in our population such as urinary tract infection, lactose intolerance, hepatitis and choledochal cyst were excluded by clinical examinations and laboratory investigations. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done by one of the authors. Five out of the 16 children with acute abdominal pain had macroscopic features of acute gastritis and another 2 had duodenitis. In the other 32 children with recurrent abdominal pain, 5 had duodenal ulcers and 3 had reflux oesophagitis. It was concluded that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was a useful means of identifying the upper gastrointestinal pathology in children with abdominal pain. 43% and 25% of the children with acute and recurrent abdominal pain respectively had a cause identified by gastroscopy.

Abdomen↗