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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Endolymphatic hydrops and otitis media.

Clinical observation of patients with fluctuant sensorineural hearing loss following or occurring with chronic otitis media led to the hypothesis that endolymphatic hydrops can result from chronic otitis media. Illustrative case reports are described. This hypothesis resulted in a temporal bone study of 560 cases in which 109 temporal bones demonstrated the presence of hydrops and 194 evidenced otitis media. Seventy-five cases demonstrated both otitis media and hydrops, of which 20 cases were selected for more detailed histopathological study. An interesting finding was the presence of apical hydrops in every case of the latter group. Statistical interpretation of this data helped rule out a coincidental or chance occurrence. A discussion of this clinical relationship included the significance of subclinical (silent) otitis media as a possible cause of endolymphatic hydrops.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea is a dangerous and potentially life threatening occurrence for which the otolaryngologist is often consulted. CSF otorrhea occurs on the basis of skull fracture, tumor, infections, congenital anomalies, and operative trauma. Forty-three patients with CSF otorrhea of varied etiology are reviewed in this paper. Eight cases are of congenital or labyrinthine origin confirming at surgery the probable connection between the subarachnoid and perilymphatic spaces. Eleven cases had spinal fluid otorrhea due to infection. All cases presented with symptoms of chronic infection: 4 cases had a history of previous surgery for chronic ear disease; 7 cases had temporal lobe abscess; 1 case had a cerebellar abscess; 8 had tegmen defects secondary to cholesteatoma; in 1 case the tegmen defect was due to previous surgery for chronic infection. Nine of 11 cases have serviceable hearing postoperatively. Fourteen cases of spinal fluid otorrhea resulted from trauma: 1 case was due to traumatic stapes footplate fracture in a congenitally malformed ear; 4 were due to transverse temporal bone fracture; and 9 were due to longitudinal temporal bone fractures. All transverse fractures resulted in nonhearing ears. Three cases were due to a combination of temporal bone fracture and infection. In 2 of these cases chronic infection preceded the fracture; in 1 case the fracture led to chronic ear disease with spinal fluid leakage. One patient required 1 surgical procedure for closure of the otorrhea, 1 patient 2 procedures, and 1 patient 3 procedures. Ten cases are due to translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma removal: 7 cases had resolution of the spinal fluid leakage after conservative nonsurgical treatment; and 3 required surgical intervention using muscle, fat and fascia obliteration of the spinal fluid pathway.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Intentionally induced abnormalities in optokinetic pattern tests.

Abnormalities of optokinetic nystagmus are easily detected by administering an optokinetic pattern test, in which optokinetic nystagmus responses to acceleration and deceleration of a series of optokinetic stimuli are recorded at slow paper speed, and the results are visually assessed based on the response pattern. Although optokinetic pattern tests are regarded as valuable in diagnosing lesions of the nervous system that directly or indirectly relate to the reflex route of optokinetic nystagmus, these tests can be significantly influenced by the intention of the person being tested. The present study revealed that the majority of abnormal optokinetic patterns can be induced intentionally. This indicates that optokinetic pattern tests are of limited diagnostic value, and a definite diagnosis should not be made based solely on the optokinetic pattern test result.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Vestibular symptoms in mumps deafness.

Deafness appears in as many as 4% of adult cases of epidemic parotitis. It is often severe, though reversible and is usually unilateral. Vertigo has been reported in mumps, as have occasional cases with impaired caloric reaction. Twenty cases of unilateral hearing impairment in mumps have been investigaed with audiometry and electronystagmography in order to determine the degree of permanent lesions. Nine of the patients had noted vertigo when falling ill with protitis. Five of these had normal calorics, 3 were impaired and one was without response in the deaf ear. No certain correlation between vertigo and permanent caloric impairment was found. An interesting finding was that 5 cases without vertigo showed an impaired or absent caloric responsiveness, which might confuse future diagnostics. Presumably, most patients with hearing impairment in mumps suffer vesticular damage, but the acute vertigo in early childhood is easily overlooked. No certain correlation between age at the onset of mumps and any permanent caloric disturbance was found. One mumps case is described, in which a severe hearing loss and caloric impairment returned to normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An objective testing method to determine driving ability.

The pendular test was used to study turning sensations of aspirants with "physiological spontaneous nystagmus". A steering wheel was attached to the pendular chair and persons were asked to turn against the chair rotation. Chair movement, steering wheel and horizontal nystagmus were computer-analysed. The correlation between cumulogram of slow nystagmus phases and steering wheel rotations was evaluated and the value of the steering wheel and eye movement were calculated. It could be shown that the compensation of the pendular chair by the means of the steering wheel was symmetric in healthy persons in spite of the presence of spontaneous nystagmus. In patients with dizziness, no symmetric reaction was recorded.

Automobile Driver Examination↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative vestibular toxicity of dibekacin, habekacin and cisplatin.

The vestibular toxicity of two aminoglycoside antibiotics, dibekacin sulfate and habekacin sulfate, and of a drug with potent antimitotic activity, cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) has been investigated in both rats and frogs. In rats, chronic intraperitoneal injection of a saline solution of dibekacin (50 mg/kg/day), habekacin (50 mg/kg/day), cisplatin (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks and of cisplatin (1 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks, produced no behavioral vestibular disorders and the righting reflex could be elicited at any time. In frogs, the spontaneous discharge was recorded from individual fibres of the ampullary nerve of the horizontal semicircular canal before and after acute administration of the drugs, dissolved in Ringer, into the perilymph of the inner ear near the horizontal ampulla. Following injection of 1 microliter of solutions containing 10 micrograms or 20 micrograms of dibekacin, 20 micrograms or 50 micrograms of habekacin, 0.5 micrograms, 2.5 micrograms or 10 micrograms of cisplatin, the spontaneous discharge decreased in a number of fibres and was sometimes completely abolished. The vestibular toxicity of the three drugs tested is discussed with respect to that of aminosides whose ototoxicity is well known.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1988

Some considerations on caloric test results.

The caloric test procedure as suggested by Fitzgerald & Hallpike is still widely used. With a carefully standardized procedure it is well suited to identify the affected side in patients with unilateral vestibular impairments. By repeated testing it is also possible to follow the course of a vestibular affection.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1994

Perilymph fistula: concept, diagnosis and management.

Perilymph fistula is caused by changes of cerebrospinal fluid pressure and/or middle ear pressure. For diagnosis, history taking is extremely important in regard to whether the occurrence of symptoms is related to physical exertion, such as straining, nose blowing, sneezing etc. A variety of symptoms are due to pathologic changes of the membranous labyrinth. Exploratory tympanotomy is needed to verify the occurrence of leakage. However, perilymph fistula cannot be excluded, even if leakage is not observed. Management consists of absolute rest and closure of the fistula. If dizziness or vertigo is intractable and long-lasting, destruction of vestibular function should be considered.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure↗