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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Myeloelectric complex of the small intestine and variations in the intestinal motility in sheep].

The motor pattern of the small intestine of the sheep fed ad libitum is characterized by the regular occurrence of myoelectric complexes comprising a phase of regular and irregular spiking activities. Each complex is propagated along the ovine small intestine at a mean velocity of 17 cm/min and originated on the duodenal bulb at 70-100 mn intervals. Reduction and increase in duration of the phase of irregular spiking activity of the complex occurred during fasting and overfeeding respectively. Reduction in spiking activity is paralleled by an increased velocity of propagation whilst a lower migration and a reduced number of the complexes are characteristic of overfeeding. It is concluded that duration, number and velocity of propagation of the myoelectric complexes are adaptative factors in changes of the intestinal flow rate.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1991

Modifications of the trophism of intestinal mucosa after intestinal and bilio-pancreatic diversion in the rat.

Morphofunctional alterations to the intestinal mucosa are influenced by three main factors: food, bilio-pancreatic secretions, intestinal hormones. In order to assess the importance of each one, histological and histochemical tests were performed on different segments of intestine taken from rats which were sacrificed one month after the following procedure: gastrojejunal anastomosis on a Roux loop (Model I); same procedure plus biliopancreatic bypass into the jejunum (Model II). When compared to the controls, Model I duodenum samples revealed hypertrophy of the entire wall with "bundles" of villi, while Model II samples showed a clear hypotrophy and reduction in the number of duodenal villi. To such modifications of the duodenum correspond longer, thinner villi in the other bowel segments, particularly in the jejunum and distal ileum. These results suggest that the predominant trophic effect derives from contact with biliopancreatic secretions at a proximal level. The modifications of the duodenal mucosa appear to regulate the trophism of the distal segments probably by the secretion of distant acting enterohormones.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Intestinal lymph of ruminants. I. Operative techniques for collecting intestinal lymph from ruminants.

Operative technique developed for collecting intestinal lymph from cattle and sheep are described. The method of creating an external anastomosis between intestinal lymph and the posterior caval vein (lymph-caval anastomosis), the postoperative care of animals, and the blood sampling technique are presented in detail. The optimal period of use of the anastomosis is 15 to 18 days. Its further use is of no reason, since the intestinal lymph changes in quality.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microparasitocenosis of the intestines and the activity of intestinal enzymes in patients with trichocephaliasis during treatment].

Results of the studies of large intestine microflora, enterokinase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the feces of 298 children and adults suffering from trichocephaliasis are presented. Intestinal dysbacteriosis was observed in 51.7% cases, increased enterokinase activity, in 57.6% cases and increased alkaline phosphatase activity, in 55% cases. Enteric enzyme activity relation to the state of enteric microflora is demonstrated. Specific bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and mebendazole treatment was followed by increased dysbacteriosis and higher intestinal enzyme activity, especially in case of bephenium hydroxynaphthoate treatment. Normalization of the above-mentioned parameters was observed 90-120 days after the end of the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dosimetric criterion for the intestinal form of acute radiation lesions in man. The loss of the barrier properties of the small intestine--an index of the severity of the lesion].

Dynamics of cell regeneration in the small intestine epithelium of man has been investigated in normal conditions and after acute exposure to ionizing radiation. It is suggested that the severity and outcome of the intestinal form of acute radiation sickness are determined by the time interval within which the number of functional cells of the epithelium villi remains below some threshold level that provides the retention of barrier properties of the small intestine.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Autoradiographic findings in the small intestine after experimental subtotal small intestine resection].

The intestinal mucosa is among the mitotically most active tissues of the organism. Several authors described an alteration of the enterocytic proliferation after extensive small-bowel resection. Own autoradiographical investigations were carried out in the intestine of rats after subtotal small-bowel resection with and without additional operation for passage retardation. Not any different mitotic value was provable after one year in all rats with subtotal small-bowel resection in comparison to normal rats. From this follows that the adaptation of the residual intestine is already up concluded to this moment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Hypersensitivity reactions in the small intestine. VII. Induction of the intestinal phase of murine graft-versus-host-reaction by Lyt 2- T cells activated by I-A alloantigens.

This study has examined the nature of the T lymphocytes and the alloantigens that induce the intestinal phase of graft-versus-host reaction in unirradiated F1 mice. Parental spleen cells were depleted of T cells subsets by treatment with anti-Lyt monoclonal antibodies and complement, and we show that Lyt 2- cells alone induce the increased lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelium that characterizes the intestinal graft-versus-host reaction. Lyt 2- cells are also required to induce some of the associated crypt hyperplasia, but the full crypt changes require both Lyt 2- and Lyt 2+ T cells. In intra-H-2 recombinant congenic F1 mice with graft-versus-host reaction, a disparity at the I-A locus was alone sufficient and necessary for crypt hyperplasia and increased intraepithelial lymphocyte counts, while an I-J incompatibility led to suppression of both these indices. The results support the hypothesis that the intestinal pathology of acute GVHD is induced by class II MHC-restricted delayed-type hypersensitivity effector T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Solitary intestinal fibromatosis in the newborn. Rare cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction.

We describe a case of solitary fibromatosis of the ileum in an infant. Intestinal fibromatosis is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn. The disease is poorly characterized and has been rarely reported under this name. The differential diagnosis is discussed with particular attention to inflammatory fibroid polyps, neurofibromatosis, and sarcoma. Reasons of a theoretical and practical nature are outlined that recommend the term "solitary intestinal fibromatosis" as the most appropriate name for this disease.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Proteolytic processes in the small intestine of rats with the intestinal form of acute radiation sickness].

It was shown that on the 3d day after total-body irradiation of rats (12 Gy), cathepsin "D" activity was increased and the processes of autolysis and proteolysis accelerated in the small intestine under the effect of trypsin. Extracts of the small intestine tissues increased the permeability of vessels. Ligation of the common bile duct lengthened the lifespan of irradiated animals and decreased the processes of proteolysis and the vessel permeability in the small intestine wall.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Effect of salicylates on intestinal secretion in calves given (intestinal loops) Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin.

The inhibitory effect of salicylates on intestinal secretion in 1- to 5-day-old calves given Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)-induced intestinal fluid response was investigated. Purified ST was diluted in isotonic saline solution to obtain 1:10, 1:25, 1:50, 1:75, and 1:100 dilutions. Each dilution (1 ml) was inoculated into ligated loops in the distal part of the jejunum of each calf. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) given orally (100 mg/kg) at 4 hours before ST was inoculated did not substantially alter the intestinal fluid response to ST. Sodium salicylate (IV) infusion, begun simultaneously when, or at 1 hour after, ST was inoculated, significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased fluid accumulation in those loops inoculated with ST dilutions of 1:25 or greater. The sodium and potassium concentrations of the accumulated fluid did not differ significantly between or within treatment groups. These results indicate that sodium salicylate infusion may be beneficial in treating enterotoxic colibacillosis in calves. Aspirin given orally at the dose used in the present study, would not have any beneficial effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Enteric dysentery vaccines and their effectiveness in a rabbit intestinal loop model. I. The residual virulence of attenuated vaccinal strains of Shigella administered into the intestinal loops].

Virulent Sh. flexneri strain 2a, Sh. sonnei strain, attenuated Sh. flexneri vaccine strain 2a 516M, and Sh. sonnei vaccine strain 6S (isolated by Yu. A. Belaya), as well as streptomycin-dependent Sh. flexneri strain 2a 1605/3 (isolated by V. V. Sergeev) were introduced into the ligated loops of the rabbit ileum. The use of light and immunofluorescent microscopy, the measurement of the volume of the fluid in the intestinal loops and the quantitative inoculation of their contents resulted in revealing the differences in the properties of the virulent and vaccine strains. The vaccine strains, in contrast to the virulent strains, did not proliferate in the lumen and did not cause the accumulation of fluid in the intestinal loops. They retained sharply limited, especially in the streptomycin-dependent bacteria, ability to penetrate into enterocytes and, via their cytoplasm, into the basement membrane, but lost their ability to proliferate in the cytoplasm of enterocytes (and probably even deteriorated there) and to cause plurulent ulcerous inflammation. This indicates that vaccine strains have insignificant residual virulence and suggests that the intestinal loop models, together with other models, may be used for testing the safety of vaccines prepared from Shigella strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Small intestinal anastomosis and preparation of intestinal loops in the rabbit.

An end-to-end anastomotic technique was adopted to prepare isolated intestinal loops in rabbits. The anastomosis was accomplished by the use of a simple interrupted approximating suture technique which caused minimum trauma to the intestinal tissue, and the luminal narrowing was minimal. Normal intestinal functions were resumed in less than 48 hours. The operated rabbits maintained normal appetite, normal passage of digesta, and normal weight gains. The advantage of this method was the ability to operate rapidly and certainty of effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A roentgenological study of the small intestine after different intestinal bypass operations for treatment of morbid obesity.

Twenty-nine patients who had undergone four different types of jejunoileal bypass for obesity were examined roentgenologically after ingestion of barium contrast. Functional intestinal length, blind loop reflux and speed of contrast through the small intestine were recorded. Weight loss was not correlated to any of the mentioned parameters or to operative method. Length of functioning intestine increased and speed of contrast decreased with time after surgery.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition of IFN-gamma activity in supernatants from stimulated human intestinal mononuclear cells prevents up-regulation of the polymeric Ig receptor in an intestinal epithelial cell line.

The polymeric IgR (pIgR) mediates transcytosis of polymeric IgA across mucosal epithelia. Expression of this receptor in HT-29.74 human colon carcinoma cells is up-regulated by the recombinant cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-4. Here, we demonstrate that activation of freshly isolated human intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) induces production of natural cytokines, and these act synergistically as potent stimulators of pIgR expression in HT-29.74 cells. LPMC from normal colonic mucosa were stimulated with PMA and calcium ionophore A-23187. The resulting supernatants consistently induced dose-dependent increases in pIgR expression by HT-29.74 cells, up to 65-fold. Analysis of four separate LPMC supernatants revealed mean concentrations of 8260 pg/ml for IFN-gamma, 420 pg/ml for TNF-alpha, and 15 pg/ml for IL-4. Ab-mediated neutralization of these cytokines suggested that the central regulator of pIgR expression in these supernatants was IFN-gamma. IL-4 neutralization had no effect on induction and TNF-alpha neutralization slightly reduced induction. In contrast, IFN-gamma neutralization abolished up to 93% of pIgR induction and had essentially the same effect as simultaneous neutralization of all three cytokines. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that natural cytokines, predominantly IFN-gamma, produced by stimulated human intestinal lymphocytes and macrophages have the capacity to up-regulate dramatically pIgR expression in an intestinal epithelial cell line, strongly suggesting that their action in vivo leads to enhancement of local defense functions mediated by IgA.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal helminths. I. Common intestinal cestodes.

Increase in travel and immigration has led to a heightened awareness of parasitic diseases among health professionals. Intestinal helminths are important human parasites. Cestodes or tapeworms comprise an important group of helminths. The diagnosis of tapeworm infections requires a skilled laboratory because serological tests are unavailable. In this first part of our review of intestinal helminths, we describe the salient features of the diagnosis and treatment of several important intestinal cestodes, including Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia, Hymenolepis, and Dipylidium caninum. Niclosamide and praziquantel are the drugs of choice for tapeworm infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Intestinal adaptation after extensive resection of the small intestine and prolonged administration of parenteral nutrition.

After a superior mesenteric thrombosis in a 77 year old man, all but 24 centimeters of the jejunum were resected and anastomosed to the remaining left colon. After being maintained on parenteral nutrition on a 24 hour basis for six weeks, the patient was placed on overnight parenteral nutrition in which he received 2 liters of parenteral nutrition solution containing about 2,200 calories. Over a period of nine months, hypertrophy, lengthening and dilatation took place so that the patient was almost able to support himself by mouth. We believe that this is the first patient in whom documented lengthening of the small intestine has been reported. The factors entering into the hypertrophy and dilatation are discussed. Many patients in this age group are denied therapy because of the consequences of massive enterectomy. With adaptation using prolonged parenteral nutrition, it should be possible for most patients to sustain themselves completely by mouth. Patients with massive necrosis of the small intestine should not be denied therapy even if only 1 foot of small intestine remains. This is likely to hypertrophy in length until parenteral nutrition is no longer necessary.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

[Method of intestinal decompression in treating functional intestinal obstruction].

The authors present an analysis of 149 cases of total decompression of the gastrointestinal tract in grave forms of functional intestinal obstruction accompanying peritonitis and acute intestinal obstruction. Special intestinal sounds made of polychlorovinyl were employed, that facilitates considerably the technic of intubation of the bowel as a whole. The authors data evidence that each method of intubation (transnasal, through gastro-or ileostome, etc) has its positive and negative aspects, therefore a selection of the site for introducing the sound should be conditioned by patient's age, the type of pathology and duration of the intubation procedure.

Decompression↗
PubMed1996

Human syngeneic intestinal transplantation: evaluation of enterocyte viability with serum levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein.

In a case of human syngeneic intestinal transplantation, the post-operative course was complicated by the Systemic Inflammatory Response System (SIRS). This syndrome was characterized by negative cultures and elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF. In keeping with current concepts of translocation across the enterocyte barrier as the etiology of SIRS, levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), an enterocyte-specific protein, also increased. These observations suggest that (i) a clinical syndrome consistent with translocation may occur in the absence of rejection in intestinal transplantation, and (ii) I-FABP may serve as a clinically relevant marker for enterocyte injury.

Adult↗