Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Helping Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Grief work, disclosure and counseling: do they help the bereaved?

Bereavement is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. How to protect the bereaved against extreme suffering and lasting health impairment remains a central research issue. It has been widely accepted that to adjust, the bereaved have to confront and express intense emotions accompanying their loss. It has further been assumed that others assist in this process, and that intervention programs are effective. To assess validity of these assumptions, this article reviews research on the impact of expressing and sharing emotions across four research domains (social support; emotional disclosure; experimentally induced emotional disclosure; and grief intervention). In none of these areas is there evidence that emotional disclosure facilitates adjustment to loss in normal bereavement. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Waiting for cardiac surgery--support experienced by next of kin.

BACKGROUND: Next of kin (NoK) play a crucial role for patients waiting for cardiac surgery. AIM: To describe experience of support, in the form of important events, by next of kin while their intimates were waiting for a heart operation. METHODS: The design was qualitative and the "critical incident" technique was used. Incidents were collected via interviews with 23 next of kin to patients waiting for heart surgery and the informants were chosen by the patient themselves. FINDINGS: In all, 224 important events, both positive and negative, were identified in the interviews and two main areas emerged in the analysis: internal factors and external factors. Positive internal factors were associated with finding strength, whereas negative factors were associated with uncomfortable feelings. Positive external factors were associated with participating in care and receiving attention, whereas negative factors were associated with dissatisfaction with the health-care organization and failing social network. CONCLUSION: This study shows that next of kin experienced positive support when they received attention and information and felt involvement in the care. An important implication for the health-care professionals and public authorities is the understanding of the experience of support expressed by next of kin, to provide them with optimal information and support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Good and bad experiences of family presence during acute care and resuscitation. What makes the difference?

BACKGROUND: Family presence (FP) in the resuscitation room is still controversial, and its appropriateness for patient and family has been discussed. We examined both positive and negative experiences in order to establish the reasons for the difference. AIM: The aim of the present literature review was to describe patients', relatives' and staff's opinions and experiences of FP during invasive procedures and resuscitation. METHOD: 12 original papers, published between January 1995 and February 2003, were reviewed. RESULTS: Most patients and relatives agreed that they had positive experiences of FP. They described how FP enhanced the feeling of support and connectedness within the family. Family members believed that FP helped them in their grieving process. Most staff members without FP experience felt that FP would increase the risk of psychological distress for the family. Those who had participated in an FP programme believed that FP was not only beneficial for the family but also for staff. CONCLUSION: Family presence during resuscitation and acute care has the potential to enhance the care of the patient and to benefit everyone involved. However, implementation of FP during resuscitation must take account of potential problems.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Parental decision making in pediatric cancer end-of-life care: using focus group methodology as a prephase to seek participant design input.

The ultimate aim of our research program is to provide strategies that facilitate parental decision-making for parents of children with cancer receiving end-of-life care. As a first step to develop this program, we needed insight into parents' reactions and opinions about the research methods planned for a larger study. In particular, we needed their opinions about the general experience of making the decision between palliative cytotoxic chemotherapy and supportive care alone and the factors that parents regard as important when making this decision. In addition, we wished to know whether the methodology proposed for the future study was easy to understand and whether it might cause unnecessary emotional trauma. Finally, we asked their opinions regarding the appropriate target sample of parents to include in the future study. Qualitative data about these issues were collected using focus group methodology involving seven participants. The comments made during the focus group discussions were content-analyzed for common themes. The results from the focus group discussion led to particular modifications in the proposed design and interview strategies planned for the future larger study. We found it was extremely beneficial to include a focus group pre-phase in a study that will interview parents in a high sensitivity area.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Experience of siblings of children treated for cancer.

The aim was to obtain an understanding of the experience in everyday life of being a sibling when a brother or sister is receiving treatment for a cancer disease or has completed treatment. In order to illuminate the experience of the siblings themselves a phenomenological-hermeneutic method was used. Ten siblings were asked, in the form of a broad-based, open question, to tell about their experience of being the sibling of a brother or sister in this situation. There was an awareness of sibling-ship as a special relation since the brother or sister had got cancer. This feeling was very strong and close, and when needed the sibling admitted a protective and advocacy role. The siblings felt difficulties to always be loyal with the brother or sister needs and demands from other interests. They lived a new life and periods of ups and down following the condition of the brother or sister. Everyday life varied from joy to a life filled with worries and anxiety. Siblings experienced feelings of an existential nature, such as quality of life and death.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A daughter's journey promoting geriatric self-care: promoting positive health care interactions.

Love for my parents leads me to promoting geriatric self-care. Methods of empowerment, identification of barriers and methods of overcoming them, and tools for the health care provider in promoting positive health care interactions is the focus of this article. When the older adult and the health care provider work together, the barrier of knowledge regarding chronic conditions is more likely to be overcome, allowing for the best alternatives in assessment, medication, treatment, and referral. Beginning with the material available from the National Institute of Aging (NIA) Web site, both the older adult and health care provider can promote positive health care interactions. Care and concern for the older adult is needed by all in the health care field. We are the older adults of tomorrow.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Patient empowerment in intensive care--an interview study.

Intensive care patients often experience a lack of control, as well as inner chaos. Experiences from intensive care can continue to affect patients for a long time. Empowerment is a positive and dynamic process that focuses on people's strengths, rights and abilities. It takes on different expressions for different people in different environments and must be described by the people involved. The aim of this study was to describe patient empowerment in an intensive care situation. The study was based on open-ended interviews with 11 patients in two intensive care units. The interviews were analysed according to the empirical phenomenological psychological method. The results showed that patient empowerment in intensive care consists of strengthening and stimulating the patients' own inherent joy of life and will to fight. A positive environment that encouraged feelings of value and motivation and in which the patient felt safe, received additional care and participated as he/she wished had a positive influence.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Maternal role transition experiences of women hospitalized with PROM: a phenomenological study.

This study investigated the subjective experiences of the maternal role transition during the first two weeks of hospitalization for premature rupture of the amniotic membranes (PROM). Thirteen pregnant couples participated in the study by completing interviews. Average gestation of the expectant mothers was 27 weeks and the women were already experiencing fetal movement during the first two weeks of hospitalization for PROM. Lincoln and Cuba's trustworthiness criteria were employed to evaluate methodological rigor. Colaizzi's phenomenological approach was used to analyze the structure of the experience. Four themes emerged: pending loss, concern about the safety of the fetus, identification of maternal roles, and the process of maternal role-making. The results provide a scientific basis for empowering nurses to assist with maternal role transition in high-risk pregnancies in a more sensitive and effective manner.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Nursing models and self-concept in patients with spinal cord injury--a comparison between UK and Taiwan.

The purpose of this study is to investigate rehabilitation nurses' care for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). It also examines how rehabilitation nurses perceive their role in assessing the alteration of self-concept and the interventions they use in helping patients to develop a more positive perception of themselves. A critical review of common models in use was undertaken including Roper, Logan and Tierney's Activities of Living Model, Roy's Adaptation Model and Orem's Self-care Deficit Nursing Theory. A nursing framework has been developed for rehabilitation nursing. Data were collected by questionnaire. The findings indicate that rehabilitation nurses are aware of the alteration in self-concept for patients with SCI. Although nursing interventions include physiological, psychological and social aspects of care, nurses do not feel that current nursing models are useful in SCI nursing and tend to support the specially designed model.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Assessing nurse-patient interactions from a caring perspective: report of the development and preliminary psychometric testing of the Caring Nurse--Patient Interactions Scale.

While there is a large body of literature regarding caring in nursing and some measurement tools addressing the concept have been developed, limitations of existing instruments constrain theory-driven research on nurse-patient interactions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Caring Nurse-Patient Interactions Scale in a sample of 332 nurses and nursing students. The tool intended to facilitate research on the links between caring and patient outcomes. A content validity approach involving 13 expert nurses resulted in a 70-item tool sub-divided into 10 nursing carative factors. Alpha coefficients between sub-scales varied from .73 to .91 and sub-scales inter-correlations ranged from .53 to .89. Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from --.02 to .32 between the sub-scales and social desirability suggesting low to moderate bias. Results of the contrasted group approach partially supported the hypotheses while all differences were in the expected direction. Results suggest that the scale has strong potential for use in research, clinical and educational settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

'Making it better': self-perceived roles of family caregivers of older people living in care homes: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: With growing numbers of frail older people making the move to a care home, family carers are increasingly finding themselves in the position of assisting with this transition and establishing a new caring role within this context. However, the nature of the family caregiving role within the care home setting is poorly understood. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This paper draws on data from a study, which sought to better understand the experience of nursing home placement from the viewpoint of relatives. The focus here is on the self-perceived contribution of family carers to life within the home. METHODS: A constructivist methodology was used. Data were collected in 37 semi-structured interviews involving 48 people who had assisted a close relative to move into a care home. FINDINGS: Data analysis revealed three phases to the transition from the relatives' perspective. This paper reports on the findings which relate to the final phase: 'making it better', which documents experiences of establishing a new caregiving role within the care home. Relatives described three main aspects to their role: maintaining continuity, which involves helping the older person to maintain their sense of identity through the continuation of loving family relationships and through helping staff to get to know the resident as an individual; keeping an eye, by monitoring the care received, providing feedback to staff and filling any gaps, and contributing to community through interacting with other residents, relatives and staff, taking part in social events and generally providing a link with the outside world. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Findings suggest that the potential contribution of relatives to promoting the well-being of both residents and staff is under-developed. Staff in care homes should seek to identify the role that relatives would like to perform and support them to achieve this.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

A modified grounded theory study of how psychiatric nurses work with suicidal people.

BACKGROUND: People with mental health problems continue to present a disproportionately high risk of suicide. Despite the relevance of suicide to psychiatric/mental health (P/MH) nurses, there is a documented paucity of research in this substantive area undertaken by or referring specifically to P/MH nurses; there is currently no extant theory to guide P/MH nursing care of the suicidal person. OBJECTIVES: Accordingly, this paper reports on a study undertaken to determine if P/MH nurses provide meaningful caring response to suicidal people, and if so how. DESIGN: The study used a modified grounded theory method and was conducted in keeping with the Glaserian tenets of Grounded Theory. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in two geographical locations within the United Kingdom, one in the North and the other in the Midlands; both locations contained large urban centres. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 20 participants were selected across the locations by means of theoretical sampling. All the participants were over 18 years old, had made a serious attempt on their lives or felt they were on the cusp of so doing and had received 'crisis' care from the 'emergency' psychiatric services. METHODS: The study adhered to the principle features of Glaserian grounded theory namely-(a) theory generation, not theory verification; (b) theoretical sampling, (c) the constant comparative method of data analysis; and (d) theoretical sensitivity (searching for/discovering the core variable, one which identified the key pychosocial process and contains temporal dimensions stages). Further, the authors ensured that the study was concerned with generating conceptual theory, not conceptual description. FINDINGS/CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that this key psychosocial problem is addressed through the core variable, 're-connecting the person with humanity'. This parsimonious theory describes and explains a three-stage healing process consisting of the sub-core variables: 'reflecting an image of humanity', 'guiding the individual back to humanity' and 'learning to live'.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Family members' experience of participation in the needs of assessment when their older next of kin becomes in need of public home help: a qualitative interview study.

BACKGROUND: The policy that older people should be able live in their own homes in spite of extensive care and social service needs means that close family members are increasingly involved in help provision. Ways must be found to facilitate their situation. Their participation in the needs assessment of their next of kin may be crucial. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to illuminate close family members' experience of having an older next of kin becoming in need of public home help, their participation in the needs assessment procedure and the decisions about their next of kins' public home help. PARTICIPANTS: The sample was 27 close family members (mean age 63, range 42-93 years) chosen by their older needs-assessed next of kin. METHODS: An interview using a thematic interview guide formed an everyday dialogue jointly constructed by the interviewer and the interviewee. Thereafter an interpretative content analysis was conducted on the transcribed interviews. RESULTS: One overarching category was illuminated: "Feeling disconfirmed or confirmed in the needs assessment, when feeling pressed by the responsibility and struggling to balance the needs of the family." Four principal categories with sub-categories were derived: (1) Experiencing existential ruminations and the need to help. (2) Help giving and receiving as a difficult balance between needs. (3) Feeling overlooked or acknowledged as having an influence on the needs assessment. (4) Hopes about the home help being fulfilled or dashed. CONCLUSION: The findings imply that the main focus is on the help seeker, overlooking the contribution of family members representing and providing help. A more holistic needs assessment approach is required with a framework and working methods that involve and support the family as a whole.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Pedagogical encounters between nurses and patients in a medical ward--a field study.

BACKGROUND: Patient teaching is regarded as an important aspect of nursing care as well as an essential part of the nursing profession. In nursing practice, a distinction can be made between formal (planned) and informal (spontaneous) patient teaching. The major part of patient teaching research is within the area of formal teaching. In spite of the fact that spontaneous teaching occurs in everyday nursing practice, there is a lack of knowledge in this area. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to illuminate pedagogical dimensions in nursing situations and informal teaching. DESIGN: The study is a fieldwork study within the frames of a life-world phenomenological tradition. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Fifteen registered nurses in a general medical ward of a university hospital in Sweden were followed in their daily work with patients. Twelve patients suffering from various chronic diseases were interviewed. METHODS: The observations comprised a total of 173 h on 34 separate occasions. Informal dialogues with nurses were carried through. Further, formal interviews were conducted with 12 of the observed patients. The data were analysed by means of a life-world phenomenological approach. RESULTS: Two different pedagogical encounters are presented: "Players in different field pedagogical encounters", in which there is a breakdown in the pedagogical dialogue, and "Players in same field pedagogical encounters", in which the pedagogical dialogue develops. Patients' experiences of seeking and acquiring knowledge within these two types of encounter are characterised as "worry" versus "preparedness". Patients' dignity is either threatened or supported, depending on the type of encounter. CONCLUSIONS: Health care organisations have to create a pedagogical climate where "Same field pedagogical encounters" can be created. The nurse has to view the patient as a learning person in order to help the patient to achieve "preparedness". "Preparedness" is described as a cognitive-emotive-existential state and emphasised as an important goal of patient teaching.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Getting it right: Australian primiparas' views about breastfeeding: A quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: The study documented Australian primigravidas' perceptions about breastfeeding. OBJECTIVES: To examine women's perspectives of their breastfeeding experiences during the first 12 weeks postpartum. DESIGN: A Journal was introduced to an intervention group (n=149) attending prenatal classes at a private hospital at 36 antenatal weeks. Using quantitative data at two days and 12 weeks postpartum, the intervention group was compared with a control group (n=154) that delivered at the same hospital. Qualitative data were also collected about the women's perceptions about breastfeeding to further illuminate their experience. Qualitative data from 203 women at two days postpartum and 252 women at 12 weeks postpartum represented the combined comments from the intervention and control groups. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were recruited as part of a randomised controlled trial of the effects of a Breastfeeding Journal on breastfeeding prevalence, self-efficacy, support, and influence from conflicting advice. The convenience sample of middle class, well-educated primiparous women from a Western Australian hospital had given birth to a singleton infant that was greater than 34 weeks gestation. METHODS: An open-ended question on a questionnaire sought mothers' comments about their breastfeeding experiences. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. FINDINGS: These mothers described trying to 'get breastfeeding right'. Getting it right included enhancing factors, factors with mixed effect, and negative factors. CONCLUSIONS: Middle class mothers share breastfeeding perceptions with women in more vulnerable groups, including encountering conflicting and unhelpful advice and feeding pressures from health care professionals, family, and community members.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

What is needed to assist patients with advance directives from the perspective of emergency nurses.

INTRODUCTION: Nurses, by the nature of their practice, are in a unique position to help patients complete advance directives (ADs). This article focuses on an open-ended question that was part of a larger quantitative survey, "What do emergency nurses need to increase their ability to assist patients with ADs?" METHODS: A random sample of emergency nurses in four states was surveyed. Of the 663 nurses who responded to the survey, 506 (76%) wrote responses to the open-ended question. Thematic analysis was used to establish and saturate themes. RESULTS: The major themes discussed most often by the nurses were the need for more education and more time to discuss ADs with patients. Other themes discussed by nurses were the need for: a supportive work environment, other health care professionals' participation conducive to assisting patients, patient/public education related to ADs, communication, and particular nursing characteristics needed to successfully assist patients with ADs. Not all the nurses in the study felt that assisting patients with ADs was the role of emergency nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Those nurses who saw assisting patients with ADs as their role were very clear about what they needed to be able to carry out the role (more time to spend with patients and more education related to ADs) and that they could not fulfill that role without the support of their institution's administration.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Domestic violence: caring for a colleague.

Domestic abuse is a devastating social, legal, and health care problem of enormous proportions. Routine and multiple screenings by skilled health care providers, when conducted face-to-face, markedly increase the identification of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. Patients are not the only ones who can benefit from domestic violence screening and intervention. This article describes the subtle signs of domestic abuse that might be observed in a colleague, explains how to initiate a conversation with a colleague, and suggests appropriate ways to offer support.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗