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PubMedDate not supplied

[Anthihelminthic activity of pyrantel pamoate administered in mass treatment of an isolated population of the South Pacific].

A stool examination survey on the Wuvulu island population in Papua-New Guinea let be shown off the high incidence of two helminthiasis, ascariasis and trichocephalosis (75-4 0/0 and 70 0/0 of the tested subjects) compared to the low incidence of ankylostomiasis (7 0/0). With pyrantel pamoate administered in one oral dose of 10 mg by kg of weight, results are excellent in ascariasis with 97-7 0/0 success. The efficiency is only partial in ankylostomiasis with that small dose. It is quite well tolerated and may be used in mass treatment and, taking into account the special characteristics of that small and far away island, an attempt to eradicate ascariasis through systematic reiterated treatments is being carried out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Endoscopic management of biliary and pancreatic ascariasis in Viet-Nam. Report of a series of 91 cases].

AIM: Ascariasis is the most widespread helminthiasis in the world. Biliary and pancreatic involvement, frequently encountered in endemic areas, is a serious public health problem. Surgical management is often required. The purpose of our work was to assess the feasibility of emergency endoscopic treatment of biliary and pancreatic ascariasis in the Viet Duc hospital (Hanoi, Vietnam), and to evaluate outcome. METHODS: A prospective study conducted over a 3-year period included 91 patients with biliary and pancreatic ascariasis. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings and abdominal ultrasound and was confirmed by endoscopic procedures. RESULTS: The 91 patients, 21 males and 70 females, mean age 41 +/- 17 years, underwent endoscopic procedures to retrieve the worm. The procedure was successful in 89 patients (97.8%). Mild pancreatitis occurred in four patients who underwent biliary sphincterotomy. The mean hospital stay was 3.1 days. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic management of ascariasis is feasible, with a very low morbidity and a high rate of success. With this treatment, hospital stay is greatly shortened.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Endomyocardial fibrosis: report of 22 Congolese cases].

A study has been made of 22 cases of endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) observed over a 12-year period. The epidemiological characteristics have been described, and the importance of the echocardiographic findings in the diagnosis of the disease has been emphasized. EMF constitutes 0.3% of the total admissions in the department, 0.9% of the cases of cardiac failure, and 3% of the cases involving subjects under 40 years old. The patient population consisted of 13 men and 9 women with an average age of 35.6 +/- 16.4 years (age range: 8.5-77 years). The diagnosis of EMF was based on clinical, radiological, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings (22 cases), and surgical examination (1 case). In 8 cases, parasitosis (filariasis: the patients came from a known endemic area) with hypereosinophilia was observed. Three of these patients had associated high blood pressure. In 13 subjects, a severe right adiastolic syndrome was noted. Two patients presented with tachycardia, 2 others had signs of overall cardiac failure, and 5 subjects suffered from palpitations connected with arrhythmia. Thoracic X-ray showed cardiomegaly in all cases, lung involvement in 15 cases, normal lungs in 5 cases, and bilateral hilar stasis in 2 cases. Electrocardiography mainly showed endomyocardial fibrosis (15 cases), supraventricular arrhythmia, notably auricular fibrillation (13 cases), and conductive disorders (12 cases), which were frequently associated. Echocardiography showed the presence of EMF in 21 cases (95.5%). Doppler (n = 9 cases) detected tricuspid failure in 9 subjects, and mitral failure in 1 subjects. EMF was exclusively located on the right side in 19 cases, bilateral in 2 cases, and on the left in 1 case, which required surgery. Four patients died (i.e., 1 case of sudden death, 1 case of pulmonary embolism, 1 case of neurological coma, and 1 case of cardiac arrhythmia). The authors, like many others, note the clinical polymorphism of EMF, the predisposition to the disease caused by the presence of helminthiasis, which should be eradicated, the diagnostic value of echocardiography-Doppler, and the efficiency of surgery in the treatment of this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Impaired intestinal absorption in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis].

The study was undertaken to characterize small intestinal absorption in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis. Sixty patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis, 45 patients with psoriasis without helminthiasis, and 15 healthy individuals were examined. The absorptive function of the small intestine was studied by the Kamer method (fat absorption) and with the D-xylose (5 g) test (carbohydrate absorption). Impaired small intestinal absorption of fats and carbohydrates was found in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis. There was a relationship of these disorders to the clinical picture of psoriasis (stages, duration, skin damage areas, severity).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1960

Health and morbidity survey, Seychelles, 1956-57.

Adequate knowledge of existing health and morbidity conditions is the basis for all planning of future health services. For this reason, a health and morbidity survey of the population of the Seychelles was carried out in 1956-57 under the joint auspices of the Seychelles Government and the World Health Organization. Statistical sampling methods were used and the information was obtained by the household interview method. Health, morbidity and relevant demographic data were thus disclosed for the first time for Seychelles. Basic information was obtained on: general morbidity of the population, including dental and nutritional status, malnutrition, incidence of intestinal diseases and other easily diagnosable conditions; growth and weight curves of children up to the age of 16; haemoglobin levels; erythrocyte sedimentation rates; general living conditions such as housing and overcrowding, social status and latrine arrangements; the connexion of soil pollution with the incidence of amoebiasis and helminthiasis; and lastly, the incidence of the sickle cell trait, eosinophilia and positive serological reactions to the Chediak test (for manifest or latent syphilis). The findings are presented with a minimum of remarks and interpretation.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Mortality in the slave and white populations of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, 1850.

A review of mortality from the 1850 census mortality schedules of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana has provided a snapshot of the health conditions of African-American slaves. The cause of death was abstracted from the mortality schedule and categorized according to the ninth revision of the Manual of the International Classification of Diseases. Children under the age of 9 accounted for 44% of the total mortality. Sixty-four percent of all deaths recorded occurred in the slave population. Sixty-two percent of the slave deaths occurred in the male population. Leading causes of death were helminthiasis, whooping cough, fever, cholera, and pneumonia. Reports of mortality due to Cachexia Africana (dirt eating) among slaves are discussed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1992

[Autochthonous strongyloidiasis in the north of France].

The authors discuss four cases of indigenous strongyloidiasis, which were detected in northern France during the past twenty years. In our hemisphere, the limits of this helminthiasis range between the 50th and the 53rd parallels of latitude. In two cases, indoor contamination must be suspected; in the third case, transmission has been facilitated by insalubrity and crowding; the fourth case was related to the activities of a dustman in camping sites. Nose bleedings were noticed in two cases and the haemorrhagic manifestations in strongyloidiasis are mentioned.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Encephalopathy induced by antihelminthic use of levamisole: report of two patients.

BACKGROUND: The antihelminthic Levamisole (LVM) is actually used as an immunomodulator in colon cancer. Its neurological toxicity is well known when used concomitantly with 5-Fluorouracil (5 FU) and, rarely when used solely at high doses. Antihelminthic imidazoles induced encephalopathy (AIIE), has been reported only in China. METHODS: We report two Lebanese patients with AIIE, with literature review concerning the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, laboratory, imaging and prognosis of this entity. RESULTS: AIIE supervenes after sensitization and re-exposure to the drug. It resembles the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and the differentiation from multiple sclerosis is primarily based on the monophasic clinical and radiological (MRI) pattern of the disease. The treatment consists of steroids, and it has a good prognosis. The immunomodulatory role of Levamisole is evident but the pharmacokinetics remain unknown. CONCLUSION: This disease entity has to be considered anytime a patient, in an endemic area for helminthiasis, develops an encephalopathy, especially after a documented exposure to imidazoles, even at low doses and particularly after re-exposure to the drug that has to be prudent.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Human eosinophils as potent inflammatory cells and their apoptosis.

A significant association was established between the eosinophil and a number of disease conditions, including helminthiasis, allergy, asthma, drug hypersensitivity, certain neoplasias, and graft rejection. Activation of eosinophils and release of proinflammatory lipid mediators, cytokines, free oxygen radicals, highly-charged cationic proteins contribute to the onset and maintenance of tissue inflammation. Eosinophil accumulation in blood and tissues has been related to a defect in their apoptotic death. Decisive events during the apoptotic process involve mitochondrial permeabilization and caspase activation. Clearance of apoptotic cells depends on the ability of phagocytes to recognize their cell targets and, subsequently, to engulf them. (Tab. 2, Ref. 32.)

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1992

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Pathophysiology and treatment.

HSS represents a special model of intrahepatic portal hypertension characterized by a presinusoidal portal block and a well-preserved liver parenchyma. Symmers' fibrosis appears in a small but significant proportion of patients with a high worm load. Its pathogenesis is not well established, although experimental and clinical studies point to egg granulomata as the main pathogenetic factor. The eggs carried continuously through the portal circulation produce inflammation and gross amputation of the intrahepatic veins, portal and periportal granulomas, and, eventually, a coarse perilobular fibrosis ("pipe-stem"). Portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and hepatosplenomegaly are the main consequences of these morphologic changes. Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most frequent cause of death. Unlike in cirrhosis, advanced liver failure is not seen except when HSS is associated with liver lesions from other causes such as virus and alcoholism. Helminthiasis treatment is based on chemotherapy with praziquantel or oxamniquine. Bleeding esophageal varices are managed by sclerotherapy or surgical procedures. Splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization seems to be the best choice.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The first case of diagnosis of dirofilariasis from the microfilariae detected in the human subcutaneous tumor punctate].

The paper describes the first case of diagnosis of dirofilariasis from the microfilariae detected in the subcutaneous tumor punctate from a person who has the clinical manifestations of D. repens invasion and resides in the Saratov Region that is endemic in dirofilariasis. The fact of detection of microfilariae in the man undergone invasion is assessed not only as the first case in the lifetime diagnosis of the first case of diagnosis of subcutaneous dirofilariasis, but also as the first case of verification of that a female can achieve sexual maturity in the organism of an accidental host and its impregnation if there are even single specimens of both sexes, which is characteristic in human invasiveness. On this basis, the authors consider it wrong to refer this helminthiasis to as a group of diseases defined as "Larva migrans cutaneous" since this is inconsistent with the biology of a causative agent that accomplishes migration at the adult stage in the host's organism and does not orient a physician to establish a correct clinical and parasitological diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Morphofunctional changes in gastrointestinal tract in patients with psoriasis accompanied by chronic opisthorchosis].

The paper covers clinical, morphological and functional aspects of gastrointestinal tract condition in patients with psoriasis accompanied by chronic opisthorchosis (CO). The authors examined 150 patients with psoriasis accompanied by CO, 100 patients having psoriasis without helminthiasis, 100 patients with CO and 30 healthy people. The gastric secretion was evaluated by means of the fractional test (both phases) with histamine stimulation; other diagnostic procedures included carbohydrate absorption evaluation (5-gram D-Xylose absorption test) and Kamer test of fat absorption. The morphological condition of the gastric and intestinal mucosa was investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. The study revealed gastric secretory dysfunction and malabsorption in small and large intestines in patients with psoriasis and CO, clarified the relation between the duration of psoriasis and opisthorchosis and gastric secretory dysfunction and determined dependence of small intestine malabsorption on such factors as stage, severity, degree of skin involvement and duration of psoriasis. The authors also established interrelation between the above malfunctions and gastric and intestinal structural abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical effectiveness of dehelmintization in patients with psoriasis accompanied by chronic opisthorchosis].

The purpose of the study was to prove the appropriateness of dehelmintization in patients with psoriasis accompanied by chronic opisthorchosis (CO). The authors examined 150 patients with psoriasis accompanied by CO, 100 patients having psoriasis without helminthiasis, 100 patients with psoriasis and 30 healthy individuals. Gastric secretion was evaluated by means of the fractional test (both phases) with histamine stimulation; other diagnostic procedures included carbohydrate absorption evaluation (5-gram D-Xylose absorption test), Kamer test of fat absorption and evaluation of small intestine bioelectric activity by means of electromyography. The patients were followed up within 2 to 3 years. The study found negative dynamics in the parameters of gastric secretion, fat and D-xylose absorption and small intestine bioelectric activity in patients with psoriasis and CO within the 2-3-year follow-up, while the group of dehelmintized patients displayed significant improvement of these parameters. Thus, effective dehelmintization allowed improvement of alimentary tract functional condition and the clinical course of psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastrointestinal function in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis before and after antiparasitic therapy].

The impact of antihelminthic therapy on gastrointestinal function was studied in 150 patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis, 100 patients with psoriasis without helminthiasis, and 30 healthy individuals. A fractional study of gastric secretion was conducted in its both phases, by using histamine stimulation; carbohydrate absorption was investigated by the 5-g D-xylose test; fat absorption by the Kamer procedure; the bioelectrical activity of the small bowel was examined by electric enterography. These indices were followed up for 2-3 years. There were negative changes in gastric function in patients with 2-year persistent Opisthorchis invasion as compared with those recovered from this condition, in the latter, the pathological process becoming stable. After 3 years of the follow-up, negative changes were found in the values of fat and D-xylose absorption in patients with psoriasis as compared to the cured patients in whom the indices did not significantly become worse, However, in the cured patients, the absorption of fat and Dxylose did not normalize. The 3-year follow-up indicated that the patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis had significantly decreased amplitudes of propulsive and non-propulsive waves (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) while the latter indices were significantly increased in the cured patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), but failing to reach the normal values. Effective dehelminthization in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis improved gastrointestinal function, making the course ofpsoriasis better (there were no exacerbations for 2 years).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical analysis of autonomic nervous system disorders in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis].

The study was undertaken to detect the characteristics of autonomic nervous system disorders in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis and, on their basis, to develop therapeutic manipulations. Examinations were made in 150 patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis, 100 psoriatic patients without helminthiasis, 100 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis, and 30 healthy individuals. The questionnaire method developed and recommended for use by the All-Union Center of Autonomic Nervous System Diseases was employed for the screening diagnosis of vegetative dystonia syndrome and for the estimation of its severity. The vegetative dystonia syndrome was observed in all patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis. There was an association of the vegetative dystonia syndrome with the area of skin involvement, the severity of psoriasis, the duration of the latter and opisthorchiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Placental umbilical cord whole blood transfusion to combat anemia in the background of advanced rheumatoid arthritis and emaciation and its potential role as immunoadjuvant therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis is the commonest form of inflammatory arthritis and affects about 1-3% of the population in the West and even more in the developing world due to the compounded factors of late detection and inadequate treatment in the overall background of poverty, deprivation, and improper macro and micronutrients in the diet in a sizeable segment of the population. Nearly 90% of patients with aggressive disease will become clinically disabled within 20 years. Furthermore, in patients with severe disease or extra-articular symptoms, mortality is equal to that for patients with triple artery coronary artery disease or Stage IV Hodgkin's lymphoma. Anemia is a very common comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis. Anemia in rheumatoid arthritis is caused by various factors, for instance, cytokine impact of the advanced arthritic process on the host, or lack of proper nutrition and essential micronutrients in the diet, or coexistent helminthiasis, and/or impact of antiarthritic drugs on the host system, i.e., high steroid induced gastritis or ulcerations in gastric mucosa or subclinical or clinical hepatitis due to methotrexate or salazopyrin effects on bone marrow, only to name a few. Other pre-existing or compounding gastrointestinal problems, which alter the available iron stores or cause bone marrow dysfunction, may also help in adding to an anemic condition. If the anemia is 8 g/dl or less, blood transfusion or erythropoietin injection with adequate hematinic reserve is effective in normal situations, but is not that effective in anemia with a chronic disease background like rheumatoid arthritis. Cord blood, because of its rich mix of fetal and adult hemoglobin, high platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts, and a plasma filled with cytokine and growth factors, as well as its hypo antigenic nature and altered metabolic profile, has all the potential of a real and safe alternative to adult blood transfusion. Seventy-eight units (42 ml -136 ml mean 80.6 ml +/- 3.6 ml SD, median 82.4 ml, mean packed cell volume 48.2 +/- 2.1 SD, mean percent hemoglobin concentration 16.4 g/dl +/- 1.5 g/dl SD) of placental umbilical cord whole blood was transfused (from 1 April 1999 to April 2005) after lower uterine cesarean section (LUCS) from consenting mothers to 28 informed consenting patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis who had plasma hemoglobin of 8 g/dl or less. After collection, the blood was immediately transfused following the standard adult blood transfusion protocol. Each case was passed through the institutional ethical committee. The patients received two to six units of freshly collected placental umbilical cord blood without encountering any clinical, immunological or non-immunological reactions. Three days after completion of the transfusion of placental umbilical cord blood, the peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell (CD34) estimation revealed a rise from the pretransfusion base level (.09%), varying from 2.03 to 23%, which returned to base level in most of the cases at the three-month CD34 re-estimation, without provoking any clinical graft vs host reaction in any of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A case of pelvic bone hydatidosis--diagnosis and treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Echinococcosis is a frequent helminthiasis in Bulgaria. Hydatid cysts commonly affect the liver and the lung. Echinococcosis rarely involves bones (0.5 to 2.5%) and vertebral column is affected in 50% of the cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report a case of a 67-year-old female with echinococcosis of the pelvic bone clinically manifested by pain and swelling of the right iliac region and complicated by abscess of the surrounding soft tissue. The patient underwent surgery at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University hospital "St. George", Medical University, Plovdiv. Diagnosis was based on imaging findings, serologic and histological methods. Biopsy material was investigated by standard histological methods hematoxilin-eosin (H-E),PAS and hydrargyrum impregnation after Gommori, which presented both chitin and germinative membranes of the hydatid cyst. RESULTS: The patient underwent complete resection of the bone lesion along with the surrounding soft tissue. Purulent collection of 1200 ml was evacuated. A six months follow-up of the patient revealed no pathology of the cyst and other organs. She walked unaided. No echinococcosis recurrence was observed on control examinations. CONCLUSIONS: Hydatid bone disease is usually difficult to diagnose. Its treatment includes excision of bone lesion, curettage and oral therapy. It is not always possible to fully remove all the affected bone fragments especially when cysts are located in the femoral and pelvic bones. In the reported case the hydatid cyst was fully removed by resection of the right iliac ala and the patient's mobility was preserved.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Schistosomiasis cases at the Teaching Hospital Královské Vinohrady in Prague].

In our paper we present the diagnosis of schistosomiasis at the Teaching Hospital Královské Vinohrady in Prague. This helminthiasis is imported to the Czech Republic by tourists and foreigners from subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Central and South America. An unrecognized and thus untreated infection may have serious, even fatal consequences for the patient. In the period 2003 to 2005 in our parasitological investigations we have seen two cases infested with two fluke species imported from Africa. We submit the case histories of these patients.

Adult↗