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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Prevalence of dental caries in handicapped children of Calcutta.

A total of 1042, 3-14-year-old children with different types of handicapping conditions when recorded for dental caries using WHO 1987 caries recording index revealed that dental caries experience was higher in handicapped children than normal children. The prevalence of dental caries was highest in mentally retarded children followed by cerebral palsied, blind, epileptic, physically handicapped, children with Down's syndrome and deaf and dumb. Higher deft+DMFT was recorded in mandibular teeth compared to maxillary teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Severely handicapped children and its relationship with perinatal medical care].

We studied the etiology for sixty-eight severely handicapped children aged between 3 and 6 years, who were born in the Himeji city and the environs (9,900 live births/year). The prevalence was around 1.7/1,000 live births. The factors of their handicaps were as follows: congenital 25%; perinatal 40%; neonatal period 21%; and unknown onset 15%. Thirty-six patients out of 54 (67%) were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and visited the Center for neurological follow up immediately after their discharge. The high frequency of patients from NICU, compared with previous reports, might be due to a cooperative network between NICUs and the Center with medical support for handicapped children in this area.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1993

Predicting handicapping malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).

The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is an orthodontic index based on socially defined aesthetic standards. The DAI is useful in both epidemiological surveys to identify unmet need for orthodontic treatment as shown by its use by WHO in ICS-II and as a screening device to determine priority for subsidised orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine a decision point on the DAI scale that predicts the clinical judgments of orthodontists in separating handicapping from non-handicapping malocclusion. Orthodontists' decisions were available on a sample of 1306 models representing untreated occlusions found in half a million children. DAI scores were calculated for each model. By correlating orthodontists' decisions with DAI scores a cut-off point was established. Agreements between DAI scores and orthodontists' decisions were best at the 86th percentile on the DAI scale. The DAI score of 36 at the 86th percentile yielded an 88 per cent agreement, a specificity of 93 per cent and a sensitivity of 54 per cent. Cases with scores of 36 and higher would be considered handicapping according to the DAI.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1993

Some factors affecting assessment of hearing handicap in the elderly.

In 42 elderly hearing-impaired persons we compared the patient's self-assessment of hearing handicap with the assessment made by the patient's significant other. In general, patients tended to rate themselves as less handicapped than did their significant others. The difference was not affected by degree of loss but was affected by slope of loss and by the presence of central auditory processing deficit. Results support the value of the handicap assessment by the significant other in understanding the communication problems of the elderly patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Reimbursement claims of severely handicapped patients in accordance with paragraph 53ff. SGBV--evaluation of social court verdicts].

Sickness insurance bodies pay in case of necessity of nursing the seriously handicapped without having legally defined this term. The medical advisor of the sickness insurance (MDK) examines the necessity of nursing seriously handicapped persons. The article analyses existing social court judgements particularly concerning their consequences on the method of the medical adviser's assessment. The medical expert has to investigate those medical and social facts that are relevant for the administrative and judicial decisions and can appey the regulations of the major associations of the sickness insurances in case of necessity of nursing seriously handicapped persons. The adoption of not properly defined legal concepts from other sections of social legislation is discussed.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1993

[Muscle carnitine contents in severely handicapped children with acute myoglobinuria].

Muscle carnitine was measured in 3 severely handicapped children with acute myoglobinuria. Muscle total carnitine levels were 9.6 +/- 3.0 nmol/mg non collagen protein (m +/- SD, control 15.7 +/- 2.8, n = 19), and free 6.5 +/- 3.0 nmol/mg non collagen protein (m +/- SD, control 12.9 +/- 3.7, n = 19), muscle free carnitine was significantly low in them. Serum carnitine was measured in 22 severely handicapped children. Serum total carnitine was 48.9 +/- 12.3 nmol/ml (m +/- SD, control 60.3 +/- 11.7, n = 14), and free 37.7 +/- 10.0 nmol/ml (m +/- SD, control 46.0 +/- 12.5, n = 14), serum carnitine was also significantly decreased. Secondary muscle and serum carnitine depletion might be one of the potential cause of myoglobinuria in severely handicapped children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Intraocular lens implantation in severely mentally and physically handicapped patients.

Posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC-IOL) were implanted in 42 eyes of 24 severely mentally and physically handicapped patients, and the results were analyzed in comparison with implants in conventional patients. The patient eyes included in this study were 21 eyes of 13 severely mentally retarded patients, 19 eyes of 10 Down's syndrome patients, and 2 eyes of a patient suffering from mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Surgeries had been performed under general anesthesia and resulted in significant improvement in vision and quality of life. Severe postoperative complications occurred in one of the eyes of two patients. However, the fellow eye of these patients, which also received a PC-IOL implantation, showed an uneventful postoperative course. The present study indicated that cataract surgery with PC-IOL in patients with severe mental and physical handicaps should be considered as an appropriate and promising application in spite of the various technical difficulties in the pre- and postoperative management of these patients. It is stressed that proper calibration of IOL power immediately before surgery under general anesthesia and small incision techniques are essential for a successful operation in patients with severe mental and physical handicaps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Quality of life for family members: health promotion for severely handicapped persons staying at home and for family members--systemic approach in Yokohama].

A sociomedical study for parents was designed to answer many questions concerning the actual situation of severely handicapped persons staying at home and of their family members. After the onset of the illness, their life was greatly changed and distressful. Under this situation, the family associations sharing same problem gleamed in their daily life. About 70% of parents were satisfied with the situation that their handicapped children were at home. They were generally getting better in health. However, many requests were presented to doctors and to medical institutions including hospitals and administrations. The number of the special hospital, school and respite space must be increased as soon as possible. It was also pointed out that more combined efforts are necessary supported by the medical, educational and welfare staff, with a rapid advance of age and progress of disease. Especially we, neuro-pediatricians, must be key-persons, and have a duty to improve the quality of their life and their families. An example of systemic approach to severely handicapped persons in Yokohama was presented, which was rather successful but incomplete.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The law from 2/9/1992, #104: towards a new paradigm of assistance to the handicapped].

In 1992 Italian Parliament promulgated the first constitutional law for handicap. This law is a change, because it brings up a new idea about the assistance in Italy. The hospital treatment, che schools assistance and so on must have the aim introducing the handicap into society and into normal job. Above all the hospital treatment must be joined to social and school assistance so the handicap can enter in friendly relations and it must offer as possible a normal life.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1996

Development and validation of a rheumatoid hand functional disability scale that assesses functional handicap.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a functional disability scale for the rheumatoid hand and to determine if this scale also assesses functional handicap. METHODS: Outpatients and inpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the ACR criteria answered a set of questions on their daily hand activities. Intrarater and interrater reliability were examined. Criterion referenced validity, and convergent and divergent validities were investigated. Factor analysis followed by varimax rotation was performed. Spearman's (rs) correlation coefficients between 2 quantitative variables were examined. The level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS: 96 patients with RA were recruited. The provisional scale had 41 questions. The elimination process left 18 hand activity questions with 6 levels of answers. The intrarater and interrater reliabilities of the scale were 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. Correlation of the scale's total score with visual analog scale (VAS) measure of functional handicap (rs = 0.78) showed good criterion referenced validity. The scale had good convergence with Revel's Functional Index (rs = 0.91) and a moderate relation to the Hand Functional Index (HFI) (rs = 0.58). The scale had a moderate, fair, or no relation to age, morning stiffness, pain measures, and hand swelling. The scale had 3 main factors by factor analysis. An English translation of the scale was validated. CONCLUSION: We have developed a practical functional disability scale for rheumatoid hands that also assesses functional handicap. It has 18 hand activity questions and has been validated in a French population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Ingestion of fluoride dentifrice by a group of mentally handicapped children during toothbrushing.

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of fluoride dentifrice ingested by mentally handicapped children during toothbrushing. A group of 24 mentally handicapped children, aged between 3 and 12 years, were used in the study. There were encouraged to brush in their usual way with a sodium fluoride dentifrice from a preweighed tube. Rinsings and excess dentifrice were collected, and fluoride analyses were performed on the rinsings and controls. The amount of fluoride retained was in the range of 14 to 269 micrograms, with a mean of 87 micrograms, equivalent to a mean retention of 23.5% of dentifrice. This is similar to findings of studies of children of normal intelligence. Thus, fluoridated dentifrices should be used by mentally handicapped children, but, as with all young children, small amounts of dentifrice should be used, preferably under direct adult supervision.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

[Psychiatric handicap--precursor or social sequelae of schizophrenia?].

Having finalized the ICD 10, the WHO is now preparing a new version of the "International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps" (ICIDH). At present this threefold scheme is designed to classify the consequences of mental illness. Impairment is defined as either a loss of function or a damage to structure. Disability is the resulting limitation in performance. The restriction in the ability to fulfill social roles is known as role handicap. These three aspects conceptualised in strict sequence have thus far been understood only in terms of the result of the illness. The planned review of the ICIDH will most likely consist of substituting this rather rigid scheme by a more flexible one. This will allow for feedback mechanism between the different levels. Premorbid disabilities/handicaps as possible risk factors for the development of mental illness may even be taken into consideration. The analyses within the Mannheim ABC schizophrenia study have convincingly shown that social disability and role handicaps are present in a high percentage of patients (57%) prior to the onset of the first psychotic symptom. On an average they begin about two to four years before the first hospitalisation and one to three years prior to the first psychotic symptom. While the correlation between social disability and positive symptoms is not significant, disability and negative symptoms are closely related. In addition to this only part of this correlation can be explained as a conceptual overlap (i.e. the SANS subscales Avolition and Anhedonia have items comparable to the Disability Assessment Schedule). In fact, we found comparably high correlations between affective blunting and alogia and social disability as well. Patients with early disability not only have an overall unfavourable course of negative symptoms but negative symptoms are shown to be useful predictors for social disability three years after the first hospitalisation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A study of some etiological factors and morbid conditions in mentally handicapped children.

In the present study most of the subjects belonged to mild and moderate degree of mental handicap i.e. 30.8% and 44.9% respectively while severe degree of mental handicap was present in 22.7% subject. The factors responsible for mental handicap include prenatal factors (34.6%), perinatal factors (15.1%) and post natal factors (37.9%). In 12.4% cases etiology was not known. The associated behaviour problems were observed in 33% of the study subjects while other morbid conditions were present in 47% of the study subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Chlorhexidine rinsing in physically handicapped pupils in Katlehong.

Poor oral hygiene and a high prevalence of marginal gingivitis are characteristic findings in handicapped persons. The present double-blind, cross-over study was to evaluate a twice daily mouth rinse of 10ml 0.2 per cent chlorhexidine on plaque and gingivitis in physically handicapped pupils aged 6 to 21 years. The plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) at baselines were relatively lower than in other published studies. For PI the mean score did not exceed 1.0 at any time; for GI the same was true except for tooth 16 which was 1.1. Only mild gingival inflammation was present. The chlorhexidine rinse produced 34 per cent to 54 per cent improvement in PI values and 48 per cent to 52 per cent improvement in GI values. Highly statistically significant effects were seen for treatment and time but there was no significant learning effect. Whether the children lived at home or at the study school had no significant effect. The chlorhexidine rinse may be successfully used in physically handicapped children but the low gingival inflammation in the group suggests that simple oral hygiene improvement might produce the same effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Music and handicapped children.

Handicapped children may gain considerably from being introduced systematically to musical sounds. The benefit comes not only from enjoyment, but also from promoting intellectual, emotional, and social development. Some children who are severely handicapped intellectually may have great musical talent, such as perfect pitch, and if this is systematically cultivated a key can sometimes be found unlocking the barriers to the child's progress. Some examples are described.Several years' experience of working as a music therapist with children both normal and handicapped have convinced me that the use of music as an aid to learning is worth further study and research.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1956

Emotional factors in physically handicapped children.

The staff of the Reiss-Davis Clinic for Child Guidance has been concerned with the emotional factors in physically handicapped or chronically ill children. It is felt by the staff that work with these children must include not only the known procedures to improve or correct their physical condition, but also efforts directed toward preventing or removing any evidence of emotional or psychological crippling. The symbolic or unconscious meaning of the disability is of great importance in this work. Attitudes of the parents may seriously interfere with the handicapped child's ability to develop his maximum level of functioning and adjustment. Individual and group psychotherapy was found of value in helping these parents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

The development of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory.

Conventional vestibulometric techniques are inadequate for quantifying the impact of dizziness on everyday life. The 25-item Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was developed to evaluate the self-perceived handicapping effects imposed by vestibular system disease. The development of the preliminary (37 items) and final versions (25 items) of the DHI are described. The items were subgrouped into three content domains representing functional, emotional, and physical aspects of dizziness and unsteadiness. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was employed to measure reliability based on consistency of the preliminary version. The final version of the DHI was administered to 106 consecutive patients and demonstrated good internal consistency reliability. With the exception of the physical subscale, the mean values for DHI scale scores increased significantly with increases in the frequency of dizziness episodes. Test-retest reliability was high.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1977

Health education literature for parents of physically handicapped children.

Parents, for many reasons, are not always able to understand the nature of their child's handicap. Many physicians recognize that they are not always as effective as they might wish to be in enabling parents to comprehend handicaps. Written hand-out materials as aids to better understanding can be helpful to both physicians and families as supplements to verbal descriptions of the disease and instructions for care. This compilation of currently available literature, grouped by category of disease and with addresses where they may be ordered, should offer the pediatrician and other health personnel a ready source of assistance.

Bibliographies as Topic↗