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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The follow-up study of swine and Hong Kong influenza virus infection among Japanese hogs.

Pigs in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan were examined for swine (Hssw1N1) and Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza virus infection by serological tests. The results obtained revealed that a swine influenza was prevalent with relatively high positive ratios throughout that time, and that the Hong Kong influenza virus closely related to a recent human epidemic strain, A/Yamanashi/2/77, also persisted, corresponding to a human endemic. These epidemiological findings strongly suggested the possibility of direct transmission of Hong Kong virus from humans to pigs and vice versa.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Classical swine fever (hog cholera) in wild boar in Europe.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is of increasing concern in Europe where wild boar appear to play an important epidemiological role. In most parts of the continent, demographic trends are on the increase, due to improvement in game management. As a result of higher densities, populations become more susceptible to various infectious diseases, among which CSF is cause for particular concern. Wild boar do not appear to be a classic reservoir in most cases, but nevertheless may perpetuate foci of infection over the long term, constituting a real threat for the pig farming industry. Since the infection does not appear to spread easily in natural populations of free-ranging wild boars, control of the disease may be feasible. However, most of the appropriate measures, such as banning hunting, are not considered acceptable. Consequently, the expertise of wildlife disease specialists is required to help solve the problem when it occurs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mathematical modeling of phosphorus losses from land application of hog and cattle manure.

Mathematical models may provide a means to estimate phosphorus (P) losses from land application of manure. Phosphorus losses typically occur during brief episodes of runoff and erosion. Models must be able to simulate P losses during these episodes by representing the basic chemical, physical, and biological processes by which these losses occur. The mathematical model ecosys combines dynamic distributed flow of solutes and nonsolutes through runoff and erosion with convective-dispersive transport of solutes, and both biologically and thermodynamically driven transformations between solutes and nonsolutes. This model was tested against P lost in runoff, erosion, and leachate measured during 90 min of controlled rainfall at 65 mm h(-1) on soils from six sites at which different rates of manure had been applied over the previous 3 to 6 yr. Transport and transformation kinetics in the model enabled it to simulate changes of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in runoff from >1.0 to <0.05 mg L(-1) and changes of total phosphorus (TP) in sediment from 15 to 3 mg L(-1) measured during controlled rainfall on soils with diverse P contents. Results from 60-yr model runs using these kinetics with different application rates of cattle manure indicated that (i) a positive interaction exists between annual rainfall and application rate on P losses and (ii) rates greater than 30 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) would cause TP concentrations in water leaving the site to rise above acceptable limits. The interaction between rainfall and rate suggests that P losses from manure application at any site should be assessed under the upper range of likely rainfall intensities.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of market hog characteristics of pigs selected by feeder pig frame size or current USDA feeder pig grade standards.

Two feeder pig grading systems were tested. Forty-five barrows were selected using current USDA Feeder Pig Grade Standards (U.S. No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3). Additionally, 45 barrows were selected using three frame sizes (large, medium and small). Pigs were slaughtered at 100, 113.5 of 127 kg live weight. Trimmed four lean cuts were separated into soft tissue, skin and bone. The skinless belly and soft tissue from the four lean cuts were ground separately and analyzed chemically. Data from each grading system were analyzed separately in a 3 X 3 factorial plan. Pigs selected using current USDA grade standards differed (P less than .05) for last rib backfat, 10th rib fat depth, longissimus muscle area, percentage of trimmed four lean cuts and USDA carcass grade. In the frame size system, pigs with large frame size had less last rib backfat, less 10th rib fat depth, longer carcasses, higher percentage of four lean cuts and superior USDA carcass grades than pigs with small frame size did (P less than .05). The Bradley and Schumann test of sensitivity showed that selection by frame size was more sensitive than current USDA grade standards for discriminating feeder pig foreleg length, body depth and ham width. In addition, selection by frame size was more sensitive than current USDA grade standards for discriminating carcass length and carcass radius length. No increase in sensitivity (P greater than .10) was noted for carcass composition or growth traits over the current USDA Feeder Pig Grade Standards.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prediction of live and carcass characteristics of market hogs by use of a single longitudinal ultrasonic scan.

Live animal and carcass data were collected from market barrows and gilts (n = 119) to determine the accuracy and precision of using a single longitudinal scan, parallel to midline, in estimating body and carcass composition. Data from test pigs (n = 96) were used to develop prediction equations. Best results were obtained in predicting weight of boneless cuts (ham, loin, and shoulder), weight of lean cuts (bone-in ham, loin, and shoulder), and weight of fat-standardized carcass lean. Less accuracy was obtained in predicting ratios of all estimates on a live basis. Independent variables analyzed for the live models were live weight, sex, and ultrasonic fat depth and muscle depth at the 10th rib. Independent variables for the carcass models were the same as on the live animal; the estimators for boneless cuts (ham, loin, and shoulder) were most precise. Equations were tested against an independent set of experimental pigs (n = 23). Equations for predicting weight of boneless cuts, weight of ham and loin, and percentage of fat-standardized lean using both live and carcass measurements were most accurate, with R2 values between .78 and .87 and RSD values between 1.30 and 1.92 kg. The results of this study reinforce the potential of assessing carcass composition and value by using a single longitudinal B-mode scan on both live pigs and carcass; live weight, sex of pig, and fat depth at the 10th rib were the greatest contributors to variation.

Adipose Tissue↗