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At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Vasculo-thrombocyte hemostasis in arterial hypertension].

The components of the vascular-thrombocyte hemostasis were studied in two models of arterial hypertension: the genetically determined spontaneous (SAH) hypertension and the acute renovascular one (RAH). The reactivity of thrombocytes to the aggregation inductors was increased in hypertensive rats. Disaggregation was considerably accelerated in RAH which led to a shortening of the aggregation response. The contents of serotonin free adenine nucleotides and glycogen were decreased in the thrombocyte of hypertensive rats, the serotonin exchange was altered and the aorta antiaggregation activity was enhanced. The model of laser-induced thrombosis revealed an enhancement of thrombogenesis and a reduction of thromboresistance of the vessels in SAH. The prevalence of the thrombogenesis in vessels seems to be a potentiating factor for thrombosis in hypertension.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1987

Physiology of hemostasis and its relationship to cardiovascular disease.

Our original understanding of coagulation was too simple. The waterfall or cascade system made sense but never gave clues either to points for control of the reaction or to areas to inhibit or reverse clotting. We now know critical points for control and reversal of hemostasis. By understanding more modern physiology, one is better able to design rational treatment programs to negate unwanted thrombosis. This chapter gives the reader a physiologic foundation to underscore the subsequent chapters.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemorrhage and hemostasis in guinea pigs irradiated under high altitude conditions].

Hemorrhagic intensity, hemostasis and blood vessel wall resistance to mechanical effects were studied in guinea-pigs exposed to whole-body irradiation (3.0 Gy). The animals were irradiated at low altitude (760 m above sea level) and at high altitude (3200 m above sea level) after 1 and 31 day of adaptation. It was demonstrated that hemorrhagic intensity in both groups of guinea-pigs irradiated at high altitude was significantly reduced in comparison with that at low altitude. The decrease of radiation-induced hemorrhages at high altitude is associated with less severe changes in thrombopoiesis, blood vessel wall and blood coagulation.

Altitude↗
PubMed1986

[Mononuclear phagocytes, the hemostasis system and the intravascular coagulation syndrome].

The author analyses the reported data and his own findings concerned with the involvement of mononuclear phagocytes in the regulation of hemostasis and in the pathogenesis of a number of frequently occurring forms of the hemostatic system pathology. The content of monocytic thromboplastin was measured in 56 patients with the intravascular blood coagulation syndrome of varying etiology. Production of monocytic thromboplastin reached the highest degree in patients with purulent conditions whereas in patients presenting with the terminal stage of sepsis, it did not exceed normal or even dropped down, which may be connected with depletion of monocytes because of their preliminary hyperactivation.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1986

Shock-induced alterations in hemostasis.

The major constituents of the hemostatic potential, i.e., platelets and the plasma factors of coagulation and fibrinolysis, guarantee the integrity of the vessel wall and provide effective hemostasis in case of vascular damage. The equilibrium between anticoagulant and procoagulant forces which is essential for the maintenance of the fluidity of blood is controlled by inhibitors, the fibrinolytic system, and the clearance of activated components by the reticuloendothelial system. The proper function of this humoral balance is essentially dependent on hemodynamic factors such as adequate circulation and capillary perfusion.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1987

[Features of hemostasis and thrombocyte function in the yellow suslik].

High levels of blood-coagulating factors and of antithrombin III low plasma tolerance of heparin, high velocity of Hageman-dependent processes of prothrombinase formation and plasminogen activation were found in yellow suslik. The level of hemostasis processes in hibernating animals is related to change of their functional state during an intense ontogenetic development and adequate to their physiological activity in seasonal cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Morphology of the early hemostasis in human skin wounds: influence of acetylsalicylic acid.

The in vivo formation of hemostatic plugs was studied in humans in skin wounds made using the template bleeding procedure of Mielke (34). The wounds were excised by punch biopsy 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes after they were made. The wounds were V-shaped and approximately 0.4 mm. deep. Within 30 seconds small hemostatic plugs were observed at the end of transected vessels. The plugs grew in size in the subsequent minutes and became impermeable. The platelets degranulated and formed pseudopods which became strongly interdigitated. The platelets at the periphery of the plugs showed discontinuities of the membranes. Cytoplasmic matrix and cell organelles had disappeared in many of these peripheral cells. Small fibrin fibers were already found at 30 seconds, mostly along the margins of the wounds and also at the periphery of the hemostatic plugs. Fibrin was absent from the center of the plugs and from the lumen of transected vessels. When part of a plug was extending into the vessel lumen, the platelets inside the vessel were less degranulated and less interdigitated than the rest of the plug. The effect of acetysalicylic acid (ASA) was studied in wounds before and 2.5 hours after ingestion of 2 gm. of ASA. Wounds were excised by punch biopsy 3 or 10 minutes after they had been made. Platelets in ASA were less degranulated, had fewer pseudopods, and showed less interdigitation than platelets in control plugs. Ballooning and fibrin deposition were similar in control and ASA plugs. Pronounced differences between control and ASA plugs were observed in a subject who exhibited a considerably prolonged bleeding time after ASA. The ASA plugs were very large; many plugs had fused and in addition numerous small platelet clumps, most likely fragments from the plugs, were found in the superficial scab of the wound. It is postulated that ASA plugs are less stable due to decreased interdigitation. This allows more disruption of the plugs and rebleeding. Consequently, more platelets are needed and longer time is required for hemostasis to occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of a fully automated centrifugal analyzer for performance of hemostasis tests.

We have evaluated the performance of a centrifugal analyzer, specifically designed for hemostasis tests, for methods based on clotting time as measured by light scattering, or based on splitting of chromogenic substrates. The results were compared with those obtained with a semiautomated coagulometer (clotting tests) or with a manually operated photometer (chromogenic tests). In general, the results with the centrifugal analyzer were at least as precise as those of the comparative methods, with greater output and ease of operation. Disadvantages of the instrument are its partial incompatibility with some commercial reagents and the relative rigidity of the operational parameters, which hinder its use for research.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1987

[Mechanisms of inhibition of vascular-platelet hemostasis by salivary gland secretion of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis].

The mechanism of inhibition of the vascular-platelet stage of hemostasis by medicinal leech salivary gland secretion was studied. It was shown that the secretion blocks platelet adhesion on the surface of collagens belonging to different genetic classes, inhibits the primary attachment of platelets and completely suppresses their spreading on collagen surface. Whatever its antithrombin activity, the leech secretion inhibits platelet aggregation stimulated by various inductors, e. g., ADP, prostaglandin endoperoxide analog U-46619, Ca2+ ionophore A23187, arachidonic acid. The secretion possessing the antithrombin activity causes a greater inhibition of the thrombin-stimulated aggregation than that devoid of this activity. Leech secretion stimulates adenylate cyclase of platelet membranes in a receptor-mediated fashion and increases the level of cAMP. The active substance is a low molecular weight, thermostable trypsin-resistant fraction of the secretion. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase is not mediated by adenosine receptors. It is supposed that the mechanism of this activating effect involves platelet prostaglandin receptors.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1986

Hemostasis following inoculation and during spreading of colon carcinoma in the rat.

Platelet function following inoculation of chemically induced carcinoma was evaluated in the rat. The original line of tumor (NGW1) was obtained using N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine. After trypsin homogenation a cell suspension of 0.3 X 10(6) viable tumor cells was injected subserosally in the cecum of each animal. Controls received injections of equal volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution or trypsin. The animals were subjected to laparotomy 2, 4, and 6 weeks after inoculation. Platelet function was assessed in vivo by measuring bleeding time and blood loss during mesenteric vessel transection or liver resection upon laparotomy. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2, platelet factor 4, and fibrinogen levels were evaluated after sacrifice by exsanguination. Significant decrease in bleeding time and blood loss was observed in animals with local primary tumors as well as in rats with lymph node metastases. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were decreased in the presence of metastases. Platelet count was not changed. Activated partial thromboplastin time was not affected by the presence of tumor. Platelet aggregation in vitro was accelerated in the presence of primary tumor or lymph node metastases, as well as following addition of tumor cells to platelet suspensions. No changes in thromboxane B2 or platelet factor 4 could be registered. Fibrinogen levels were decreased in the presence of liver metastases. Enhancement of primary hemostasis and platelet function in the presence of colon carcinoma in the rat was demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. Direct or indirect interaction of the tumor cell with thrombocytes may play a role in determining the metastatic potential of the neoplasm.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Hemostasis disorders in diabetes mellitus.

Hemostasis disorders are involved in diabetic micro and macroangiopathy. Platelet hyperactivity is related at least in part to an imbalance between thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin. Both hyper and hypoglycemia result in platelet activation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New tactical maneuver for hemostasis of parenchymal organs].

The authors report a new surgical procedure destined to realize the hemostasis suture of parenchymatous organs, mainly spleen and liver. The suture is done with needle and absorbable suture material appropriate for the lesion and small hemostatic gere plates. The main qualities of these procedure are the passage of the suture wire in the easiest direction for the surgeon and the confection of these manoeuvre out of abdominal cavity. This procedure was applicated, until now, in nine cases with fully success.

Hemostasis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The biological role of thromboxane A2 in the process of hemostasis and thrombosis; pharmacology and perspectives of therapeutical use of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and receptor PGH2/TXA2 antagonists.

The biological role of thromboxane A2 in the process of hemostasis and thrombosis; pharmacology and perspectives of the therapeutical use of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and receptor PGH2/TXA2 antagonists. Acta physiol. pol., 1985, 36 (3): 153-164. The biology of thromboxane A2 and pharmacology of drugs that selectively inhibit generation and action of this eicosanoid are reviewed. Author's opinion on therapeutical perspectives for thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and receptor PGH2/TXA2 antagonists is also presented.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1985

Serial changes in primary hemostasis after massive transfusion.

Primary hemostasis was studied in 22 injured patients in the operating room (OR) after a minimum of 10 transfusions, 6 and 15 hours after surgery, on postoperative days 2 and 4 and during convalescence (mean 25 days after surgery). The platelet count was low in the OR and continued to fall after surgery through the second postoperative day; it began to rise by day 4 and was above normal at convalescence. Most patients had prolonged bleeding time through day 4. Platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate and collagen was depressed in the OR and platelet aggregation remained depressed. The platelet-specific proteins, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4, were elevated in the OR and fell throughout the first 4 postoperative days. A secondary rise in these proteins occurred at convalescence. Despite severe alterations in both the number and function of platelets after massive transfusion for injury, no patient had clinical oozing. Therefore the routine administration of platelets in comparable patients without "medical bleeding" is unwarranted.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

[Hemostasis system in lung cancer, benign tumors and chronic nonspecific pneumonias].

A comparative study, condicted on the coagulation status, indicated that tumor and chronic inflammatory processes in the lung as associated with high blood content of fibrinogen and fibrinogen B, the increased plasma tolerance to heparin and degree of thrombotest with a compensatory increase of the heparin content and antithrombin activity. Lung tumor patients contrary to patients with pneumonias showed a high thromboplastin activity and reduced fibrinolysis indices. The activation of euglobulin fibrinolysis is characteristic of the hemostasis system in patients with chronic pneumonias. The revealed alterations may be used both for timely prophylaxis of coagulopathy and as an adjuvant method in the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Transcervical adenomectomy with prior hemostasis (author's transl)].

After giving a brief description of the anatomy of the prostate, with special emphasis on the irrigation of same, the authors discuss 226 cases of adenoma of the prostate operated on transcervically with prior hemostasis, the transfusion consisting of a total of 111 of blood. In 68% of the cases, the urine became clear within 24 h after the operation. The probe was removed within the first 5 days in 70% of the cases. The complications found included: 9 cases of epididymitis (keeping in mind that deferent ducts are never linked), 4 cases of postoperative incontinence (in 3 cases the incontinence was temporary and disappeared within 3 months), and 3 deaths 2 weeks after the operation (1.3%) due to ictus, bronchopneumonia, and pneumonia, respectively. The hospital stay lasted 9 days, on the average. There were no cases of late hemorrhaging, fistula, or vesicle atony.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Problems of hemostasis and excision technic in glomus jugulare tumors].

An artifice is proposed for controlling bleeding during excision of a glomus jugulare tumor. After ligature of the external carotid or ascending pharyngeal arteries, and of the sigmoid sinus, a balloon catheter is introduced into the internal jugular vein. The balloon is then placed at the level of the jugular vein sinus and distended, preventing bleeding from the inferior petrosal sinus and the condylar emissary veins. The operation is conducted in four stages, their order varying according to the extension of the lesion. The mastoid stage involves freeing of the sigmoid sinus and the third portion of the facial nerve. The cervical stage requires freeing of the VIIth nerve at its entry into the parotid, and of the external carotid and internal jugular arteries, and identification of the IXth, Xth, and XIth nerves. During the third cervicomastoid stage, the facial nerve is completely liberated and pushed upwards, and the jugular apophysis of the occipital resected. The last stage is that of preventive hemostasis and excision. The jugular sinus, external carotid artery and internal jugular vein are ligatured. The internal jugular vein is then catheterized with the balloon catheter, which is distended. The jugular vein sinus is opened, the afferent vein orifices clogged, and the lesion excised.

Catheterization↗